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題名 葉門內戰比較研究(1962-1967/2014-2018)：認同與內外的行為者互動
A Comparative Study of Yemen Civil Wars (1962-1967/2014-2018) : Identity and the Interactions of Internal and External Actors作者 謝友綸
Hsieh, Yu-Lun貢獻者 張景安
謝友綸
Hsieh, Yu-Lun關鍵詞 葉門內戰
認同
教派衝突
泛阿拉伯主義
Civil Wars
Yemen
Identities
Pan-Arabism日期 2021 上傳時間 1-Feb-2021 14:34:37 (UTC+8) 摘要 中東地區因為人工疆界的因素，認同團體與國界之間往往不一定吻合並形成跨國界的認同。因此區域內國家內部往往得面臨不同認同的競爭，而這些競爭則因為跨國界認同的關係影響到區域層次。葉門長期以來一直面臨了內部動盪的問題，而區域間的行為者也曾多次大歷屆葉門內部衝突，而當這些區域行為者介入葉門時，似乎又沿著某種認同分歧的界線，選擇支持不同陣營。而為了解這樣認同與不同內外部行為者的關聯，本文將選定探討1962年與2014年的兩場葉門內戰，檢視葉門在現代國家的歷史上，其認同與內外行為者的關係變化。同時，本文也採用學者Mabon所提出的這種內外認同安全困境的概念，去分析探討這兩次的葉門內戰中，內外部行為者的互動關係。而透過本文的探討可以發現，葉門內部所存在的分裂狀況提供了不同認同競爭的場域，而當不同認同競爭時又會吸引外部的行為者沿著自身的認同選擇介入葉門，最後當這些區域行為者進行介入時，也會為內部的認同競逐帶來衝擊，並限縮內部行為者的認同建構能力。此外，本文也看到，當內外部不同行為者利用認同作為擴大影響力的工具時，也會使得原本在區域間共存的認同產生異化，並進而發展成互斥的關係，如當今中東地區所呈現的「遜尼什葉衝突」即是區域內國家在互相競逐的過程中，逐漸建構出來的。
Because of its artificial border from colonial times, the border between different identity groups are not in lines with states border, and this help to establish inter-states identities to exit in the middle east. Thus, countries the region tends to face competition between different identities within its border, and this competition also has implication in a regional level. Yemen as a country in the region, it also faces this kind of turmoil, and with a long history of civil wars alongside with external intervention, it seems to match the pattern stated above. Thus, in this research, we will examine the relationship between identities and different actors in the two civil wars that happened in Yemen, which is the 1962 one and the one happened after 2014.This research will also use Mabon’s concept of internal-external identities security dilemma to analyze the relationships between different actors through the lenses of identities. In the end this research concludes that the competition of identities inside Yemen is one of the factor that draws the external actors to intervene, and through interventions the external actors bring a huge influence on the construction process of internal identities. And also that the competition between different regional powers can also construct a hostile relationship between identities that were originally coexist with each other.參考文獻 書籍Abir, M. (1994). Suadi Arabia: government, society and the Gulf crisis. New York, NY: Routledge.Akçalı, E. (2016). Neoliberal governmentality and the future of the state in the Middle East and North Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Baker, R. W. (1978). Egypts uncertain revolution under Nasser und Sadat. Cambridge: Havard University Press.Blumi, I. (2012). Chaos in Yemen societal collapse and the new authoritarianism. London: Routledge.Cleveland, W., & Bunton, M. (2012). A history of the modern Middle East (5th ed.). Colorado: Westview Press.Clark, V. (2010). Yemen: Dancing on the heads of snakes. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Dresch, P. (2005). A history of modern Yemen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Dresch, P. (2001). Tribes, government, and history in Yemen. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Day, S. (2012). Regionalism and rebellion in Yemen. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Hill, G. (2017). Yemen endures. US: Oxford University Press.Hinnebusch, R. (2009). The politics of identity in Middle East international relations. In Fawcett, L. L. (Ed.) International relations of the Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Hinnebusch, R. A., & Ehteshami, A. (2014). The foreign policies of Middle East states. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Hopwood, D. (1983). Egypt: politics and society 1945-1981. London: G. Allen & Unwin.Hourani, A. (2010). A history of the Arab peoples. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Krieg, A. (2017). Socio-Political Order and Security in the Arab World. Palgrave Macmillan.Lynch, M. (2016). The new Arab wars. NY: PublicAffairs.Mabon, S. (2018). Saudi Arabia and Iran: Power and rivalry in the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris & Co.MacQueen, B. (2013). An Introduction to Middle East Politics. London: Sage.Masad, M. & Christie, K. (2013). State Formation, Religion, and Ethnicity in the Middle East and North Africa. In Christie, K., & Masad, M. (Eds). State formation and identity in the middle east and north Africa (pp. 15-35).New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Menoret, P. (2017). Saudi Arabia. In Lust, E. (Ed.). The Middle East (pp. 737-754)Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage/CQ Press.Morgenthau, H. J., Thompson, K. W., & Clinton, W. D. (2006). Politics among nations: The struggle for power and peace. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.Orkaby, A. (2017). Beyond the Arab Cold War. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Pradhan, P. (2017). Arab spring and sectarian faultlines in west asia. Virginia: Pentagon Press.Al-Rasheed, M. (2002). A history of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.Rasheed, M., & Vitalis, R. (2004). Counter-narratives. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Rogan, E. (2011). The Arabs. New York: Basic Books.Salmoni, B. A. (2010). Regime and periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi phenomenon. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.Stacey, P. Y. (2017). Sectarianization, Islamist Republicanism, and International Misrecognition in Yemen. In Hashemi, N., & Postel, D. (Eds.) Sectarianization: Mapping the new politics of the Middle East (pp. 185-198). London: Hurst & Company.Stookey, R. W. (1978). Yemen: the politics of the Yemen Arabic Republic. Boulder, CO: Westview.Szekely, O. The Politics of Militant Group Survival in the Middle East. Stuttggart: Springer Nature.Telhami, S., & Barnett, M. N. Introduction: Identity and Foreign Policy in the Middle East. In Telhami, S., & Barnett, M. N. (Eds.). Identity and foreign policy in the Middle East (pp. 1-25) Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Waltz, K. (2010). Theory of international politics. Long Grove, Ill: Waveland.Wendt, A. (1999). Social theory and international politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Wenner, M. W. (1967). Modern Yemen 1918-1966. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.Wenner, M. W. (1991). The Yemen Arab Republic: development and change in an ancient land. Boulder: Westview.期刊文章Abdi, R., & Basarati, A. (2016). A Critical Analysis of the Representation of Yemen Crisis in Ideologically-Loaded Newspaper Headlines. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 16(3), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-03Adra, N. (1998). Dance and glance: Visualizing tribal identity in Highland Yemen. Visual Anthropology, 11(1-2), 55-102. doi: 10.1080/08949468.1998.9966746Akbarzadeh, S., & Barry, J. (2016). State Identity in Iranian Foreign Policy. British Journal Of Middle Eastern Studies, 43(4), 613-629. doi: 10.1080/13530194.2016.1159541Barnett, M. (1995). Sovereignty, Nationalism, and Regional Order in the Arab States System. International Organization, 49(3), 479-510.Cui, C. C., & Adams, E. I. (2002). National identity and NATID: An assessment in yemen. International Marketing Review, 19(6), 637-662. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330210451953Juneau, T. (2016). Iran`s policy towards the Houthis in Yemen: A limited return on a modest investment. International Affairs, 92(3), 647-663. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12599Malmvig, H. (2014). Power, Identity and Securitization in Middle East: Regional Order after the Arab Uprisings. Mediterranean Politics, 19(1), 145–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2013.856181Mellon, J. (2002). Pan‐Arabism, pan‐Islamism and inter‐state relations in the Arab World. Nationalism And Ethnic Politics, 8(4), 1-15. doi: 10.1080/13537110208428675Nevo, J. (1998). Religion and National Identity in Saudi Arabia. Middle Eastern Studies, 34(3), 34-53.Niarchos, N. (2018). Making War. New Yorker, 93(45), 30.Rose, G. (1998). Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy. World Politics, 51(1), 144-172.Rubin, B. (1991). Pan-Arab Nationalism: The Ideological Dream as Compelling Force. Journal of Contemporary History, 26(3/4), 535-551.Swagman, C. F. (1988). Tribe and Politics: An Example from Highland Yemen. Journal of Anthropological Research, 44(3), 251–261.Zweiri, M. (2016). Iran and Political Dynamism in the Arab World: The Case of Yemen. Digest of Middle East Studies, 25(1), 4-18. doi:10.1111/dome.12078新聞與網站資料Al Jazeera. (2020, February 18). Tribal forces in eastern Yemen clash with Saudis. Retrieved January 05, 2021, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/2/18/tribal-forces-in-eastern-yemen-clash-with-saudisAl Jazeera. (2020, March 25). Saudi forces torture, disappear Yemeni civilians: HRW. Retrieved January 05, 2021, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/3/25/hrw-saudi-forces-torture-disappear-yemeni-civiliansAl Jazeera. (2020, April 11). Yemen`s Houthi rebels sentence four journalists to death. Retrieved January 05, 2021, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/4/11/yemens-houthi-rebels-sentence-four-journalists-to-deathYemen`s tribes face the Houthis all alone. (n.d.). Retrieved January 05, 2021, from https://www.mei.edu/blog/yemens-tribes-face-houthis-all-aloneYounes, A. (2020, April 27). Dividing Yemen a key Saudi-UAE objective, analyst says. Retrieved January 05, 2021, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/4/27/dividing-yemen-a-key-saudi-uae-objective-analyst-says 阿語資料أحمد محمود حسن وتاج السرحران. (2008). السياسة الخارجية في عهد المالك فيصل بن عبد العزيز السعود. بيروت: الدار العربية للموسوعة.المركز العربي للدراسات الأنسانية. (2008). الحوثية في اليمن. صنعاء: المركز العربي للدراسات الأنسانية.مجموعة من المؤلفين السوفيت. (1990). تاريخ اليمن المعاصر1918-1982. (مكتبة مدبولة، المحرر، و محمد علي البحر، المترجمون) القاهرة. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
中東與中亞研究碩士學位學程
106560001資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106560001 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 張景安 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 謝友綸 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsieh, Yu-Lun en_US dc.creator (作者) 謝友綸 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Hsieh, Yu-Lun en_US dc.date (日期) 2021 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Feb-2021 14:34:37 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Feb-2021 14:34:37 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Feb-2021 14:34:37 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106560001 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/133998 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 中東與中亞研究碩士學位學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106560001 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 中東地區因為人工疆界的因素，認同團體與國界之間往往不一定吻合並形成跨國界的認同。因此區域內國家內部往往得面臨不同認同的競爭，而這些競爭則因為跨國界認同的關係影響到區域層次。葉門長期以來一直面臨了內部動盪的問題，而區域間的行為者也曾多次大歷屆葉門內部衝突，而當這些區域行為者介入葉門時，似乎又沿著某種認同分歧的界線，選擇支持不同陣營。而為了解這樣認同與不同內外部行為者的關聯，本文將選定探討1962年與2014年的兩場葉門內戰，檢視葉門在現代國家的歷史上，其認同與內外行為者的關係變化。同時，本文也採用學者Mabon所提出的這種內外認同安全困境的概念，去分析探討這兩次的葉門內戰中，內外部行為者的互動關係。而透過本文的探討可以發現，葉門內部所存在的分裂狀況提供了不同認同競爭的場域，而當不同認同競爭時又會吸引外部的行為者沿著自身的認同選擇介入葉門，最後當這些區域行為者進行介入時，也會為內部的認同競逐帶來衝擊，並限縮內部行為者的認同建構能力。此外，本文也看到，當內外部不同行為者利用認同作為擴大影響力的工具時，也會使得原本在區域間共存的認同產生異化，並進而發展成互斥的關係，如當今中東地區所呈現的「遜尼什葉衝突」即是區域內國家在互相競逐的過程中，逐漸建構出來的。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Because of its artificial border from colonial times, the border between different identity groups are not in lines with states border, and this help to establish inter-states identities to exit in the middle east. Thus, countries the region tends to face competition between different identities within its border, and this competition also has implication in a regional level. Yemen as a country in the region, it also faces this kind of turmoil, and with a long history of civil wars alongside with external intervention, it seems to match the pattern stated above. Thus, in this research, we will examine the relationship between identities and different actors in the two civil wars that happened in Yemen, which is the 1962 one and the one happened after 2014.This research will also use Mabon’s concept of internal-external identities security dilemma to analyze the relationships between different actors through the lenses of identities. In the end this research concludes that the competition of identities inside Yemen is one of the factor that draws the external actors to intervene, and through interventions the external actors bring a huge influence on the construction process of internal identities. And also that the competition between different regional powers can also construct a hostile relationship between identities that were originally coexist with each other. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目次摘要 IABSTRACT III第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機 1第二節 研究問題與目的 3第三節 名詞界定與概念釐清 5第四節 文獻回顧 7第五節 研究方法與架構 19第六節 研究範圍與限制 25第七節 章節安排與研究成果 27第二章 1962 年北葉門內戰與內外部的認同安全困境 29第一節 北葉門內戰之發展 29第二節 葉門內戰中的認同:背景與來源 31第三節 內部安全困境的形成:改革派與王室 34第四節 外部的安全困境：泛阿拉伯與伊斯蘭 39第五節 認同的內外互動：動機與衝擊 48第三章 2014 年葉門內戰與內外部的認同安全困境 51第一節 葉門內戰爆發：阿拉伯之春之遺緒 51第二節 認同的形成：背景與來源 55第三節 內部安全困境的形成：政治安排的僵局 59第四節 外部安全困境的形成：教派衝突的建構 63第五節 認同的內外互動：動機與影響 70第四章 兩次內戰的延續與變化 73第一節：比較基礎的建立 73第二節： 第一階段──認同的形成背景 77第三節：第二階段──內部認同安全困境的形成 82第四節：第三階段──外部的認同安全困境 86第五節：兩次葉門內戰的延續與差異 90第五章 結論 94參考文獻 99 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3254181 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106560001 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 葉門內戰 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 認同 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 教派衝突 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 泛阿拉伯主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Civil Wars en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Yemen en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Identities en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Pan-Arabism en_US dc.title (題名) 葉門內戰比較研究(1962-1967/2014-2018)：認同與內外的行為者互動 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Comparative Study of Yemen Civil Wars (1962-1967/2014-2018) : Identity and the Interactions of Internal and External Actors en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 書籍Abir, M. (1994). Suadi Arabia: government, society and the Gulf crisis. New York, NY: Routledge.Akçalı, E. (2016). Neoliberal governmentality and the future of the state in the Middle East and North Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Baker, R. W. (1978). Egypts uncertain revolution under Nasser und Sadat. Cambridge: Havard University Press.Blumi, I. (2012). Chaos in Yemen societal collapse and the new authoritarianism. London: Routledge.Cleveland, W., & Bunton, M. (2012). A history of the modern Middle East (5th ed.). Colorado: Westview Press.Clark, V. (2010). Yemen: Dancing on the heads of snakes. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Dresch, P. (2005). A history of modern Yemen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Dresch, P. (2001). Tribes, government, and history in Yemen. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Day, S. (2012). Regionalism and rebellion in Yemen. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Hill, G. (2017). Yemen endures. US: Oxford University Press.Hinnebusch, R. (2009). The politics of identity in Middle East international relations. In Fawcett, L. L. (Ed.) International relations of the Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Hinnebusch, R. A., & Ehteshami, A. (2014). The foreign policies of Middle East states. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Hopwood, D. (1983). Egypt: politics and society 1945-1981. London: G. Allen & Unwin.Hourani, A. (2010). A history of the Arab peoples. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Krieg, A. (2017). Socio-Political Order and Security in the Arab World. Palgrave Macmillan.Lynch, M. (2016). The new Arab wars. NY: PublicAffairs.Mabon, S. (2018). Saudi Arabia and Iran: Power and rivalry in the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris & Co.MacQueen, B. (2013). An Introduction to Middle East Politics. London: Sage.Masad, M. & Christie, K. (2013). State Formation, Religion, and Ethnicity in the Middle East and North Africa. In Christie, K., & Masad, M. (Eds). State formation and identity in the middle east and north Africa (pp. 15-35).New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Menoret, P. (2017). Saudi Arabia. In Lust, E. (Ed.). The Middle East (pp. 737-754)Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage/CQ Press.Morgenthau, H. J., Thompson, K. W., & Clinton, W. D. (2006). Politics among nations: The struggle for power and peace. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.Orkaby, A. (2017). Beyond the Arab Cold War. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Pradhan, P. (2017). Arab spring and sectarian faultlines in west asia. Virginia: Pentagon Press.Al-Rasheed, M. (2002). A history of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.Rasheed, M., & Vitalis, R. (2004). Counter-narratives. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Rogan, E. (2011). The Arabs. New York: Basic Books.Salmoni, B. A. (2010). Regime and periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi phenomenon. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.Stacey, P. Y. (2017). Sectarianization, Islamist Republicanism, and International Misrecognition in Yemen. In Hashemi, N., & Postel, D. (Eds.) Sectarianization: Mapping the new politics of the Middle East (pp. 185-198). London: Hurst & Company.Stookey, R. W. (1978). Yemen: the politics of the Yemen Arabic Republic. Boulder, CO: Westview.Szekely, O. The Politics of Militant Group Survival in the Middle East. Stuttggart: Springer Nature.Telhami, S., & Barnett, M. N. Introduction: Identity and Foreign Policy in the Middle East. In Telhami, S., & Barnett, M. N. (Eds.). Identity and foreign policy in the Middle East (pp. 1-25) Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Waltz, K. (2010). Theory of international politics. Long Grove, Ill: Waveland.Wendt, A. (1999). Social theory and international politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Wenner, M. W. (1967). Modern Yemen 1918-1966. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.Wenner, M. W. (1991). The Yemen Arab Republic: development and change in an ancient land. Boulder: Westview.期刊文章Abdi, R., & Basarati, A. (2016). A Critical Analysis of the Representation of Yemen Crisis in Ideologically-Loaded Newspaper Headlines. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 16(3), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-03Adra, N. (1998). Dance and glance: Visualizing tribal identity in Highland Yemen. Visual Anthropology, 11(1-2), 55-102. doi: 10.1080/08949468.1998.9966746Akbarzadeh, S., & Barry, J. (2016). State Identity in Iranian Foreign Policy. British Journal Of Middle Eastern Studies, 43(4), 613-629. doi: 10.1080/13530194.2016.1159541Barnett, M. (1995). Sovereignty, Nationalism, and Regional Order in the Arab States System. International Organization, 49(3), 479-510.Cui, C. C., & Adams, E. I. (2002). National identity and NATID: An assessment in yemen. International Marketing Review, 19(6), 637-662. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330210451953Juneau, T. (2016). Iran`s policy towards the Houthis in Yemen: A limited return on a modest investment. International Affairs, 92(3), 647-663. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12599Malmvig, H. (2014). Power, Identity and Securitization in Middle East: Regional Order after the Arab Uprisings. Mediterranean Politics, 19(1), 145–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2013.856181Mellon, J. (2002). Pan‐Arabism, pan‐Islamism and inter‐state relations in the Arab World. Nationalism And Ethnic Politics, 8(4), 1-15. doi: 10.1080/13537110208428675Nevo, J. (1998). Religion and National Identity in Saudi Arabia. Middle Eastern Studies, 34(3), 34-53.Niarchos, N. (2018). Making War. New Yorker, 93(45), 30.Rose, G. (1998). Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy. World Politics, 51(1), 144-172.Rubin, B. (1991). Pan-Arab Nationalism: The Ideological Dream as Compelling Force. Journal of Contemporary History, 26(3/4), 535-551.Swagman, C. F. (1988). Tribe and Politics: An Example from Highland Yemen. Journal of Anthropological Research, 44(3), 251–261.Zweiri, M. (2016). 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