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題名 跨越疆界－從伊斯蘭、家庭地位與社會階層探討埃及穆斯林婦女的移動
Crossing boundaries: Egyptian Muslim women`s mobility from the perspectives of Islam, family status and social class
作者 陳芃彣
Chen, Peng-Wen
貢獻者 王經仁
Wang, Ching-Jen
陳芃彣
Chen, Peng-Wen
關鍵詞 埃及
穆斯林婦女
移動
他者
慣習
Egypt
Muslim women
Mobility
The other
Habitus
日期 2021
上傳時間 1-Nov-2021 12:23:43 (UTC+8)
摘要 在2011年的埃及革命中，穆斯林婦女離家參與示威抗議行動對於女性賦權極具象徵性意義－女人突破傳統性別空間的限制並進入過往幾乎只由男人統御的公共領域。然而，女性地位不只沒有因為革命的成功而獲得改善，她的移動依然受到家庭及社會規範的限制。移動是一項賦權，控制與限制女人的移動皆會加劇其原本就居於弱勢的處境。根據聯合國開發計劃署（UNDP）於2020年公佈的性別不平等指數（GII），埃及的性別不平等問題仍是國家發展必須面對的課題。

為剖析埃及穆斯林婦女移動的阻礙成因和其移動慣習的養成，本研究藉由四位埃及女性作家Alīfah Rifʿat、Nawāl al-Saʿdāwī、Leila Ahmed和Nayra Atiya的著作，以女性視角探析埃及穆斯林婦女的個人空間。研究發現，四位作家和其所描繪的埃及穆斯林婦女皆未將女人遭受的貶抑歧視歸因於伊斯蘭，而是認為父權體制才是導致女人受到壓迫與限制的主因。埃及穆斯林社會與伊斯蘭、父權體制交織形成的制度與規範，在鞏固男性霸權的同時，亦將女人箝制於傳統性別角色，使其不僅內化與服膺她在家庭與社會中作為他者的角色與職責，亦難以取得能夠助她奪回個人自主權的資源。

埃及穆斯林婦女的移動實踐，建立在現存社會結構下的慣習與她對未來的傾向。因為預期資源取得受限，以及移動時所面臨的阻礙與限制，使埃及穆斯林婦女轉而將婚姻與家庭視為生存的保障，協助社會再製女人對男人與家庭的依賴，進而逐漸形成被動的移動傾向。此外，移動所需具備的資本門檻，也導致來自不同社會階層的埃及穆斯林婦女對於自由移動的議題存在著分歧，使她們至今仍難以組織一股能夠與父權體制與宰制階級抗衡的有效力量。
During the Egyptian Uprising of 2011, the advancement of Muslim women from home to participate in demonstrations has been interpreted as a significant symbol of women’s empowerment. The boundary crossing of gendered spaces and entrance into the public sphere, which was almost exclusively dominated by men in the past, is a progressive signal forward. Unfortunately, after the successful overthrow of Mubārak regime, the social status of Muslim women has not been realized. Social norms and family rules continue to constrain any perceived progress made by Muslim women. Mobility is a basic right and form of empowerment. Controlling and restricting a woman’s mobility will aggravate her disadvantaged situation. According to the Gender Inequality Index released by the United Nations Development Programme in 2020, gender inequality has been an important issue in Egypt which must be addressed in the national development strategies.

In order to explore the obstacles to the Egyptian Muslim Women’s mobility and the development of personal, autonomous mobility, this study analyzed the personal space of Egyptian Muslim women through the female perspective. This was based on the works of four Egyptian female authors Alīfah Rifʿat, Nawāl al-Saʿdāwī, Leila Ahmed and Nayra Atiya. Surprisingly, these authors did not attribute the derogation and discrimination that women suffered to Islam. Instead, they argue that the patriarchy is the primary cause of women’s oppressions and constraints. The institutions and norms formed by Muslim society, intertwined with a patriarchal system not only consolidated men’s dominance over women, but also held women back with their traditional gender roles. These roles made women submit themselves to domestic responsibilities and internalize their gender roles as the “Others” in the family and society. Consequently, it made it difficult for them to obtain the resources that might help them regain autonomy.

The social practice of Egyptian Muslim women’s mobility is in conflict between the existing habitus and women’s hope toward future. Due to limited access of resources as well as the obstacles and constraints they might encounter while moving, women turn to marriage and family to ensure their survival in the patriarchal society. Although their decision will only make them perpetuate their dependence on men and family, which gradually forms a passive attitude toward their mobility. In addition, the essential capital required for mobility also leads to the disagreement on the issue of freedom of movement among women from different social classes. This is a primary reason why they have not become sufficiently strong to compete with patriarchal institutions and the ruling class that have put restrictions on their mobility.
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三、期刊論文
Abu‐Lughod, L. (2002). Do Muslim women really need saving? Anthropological reflections on cultural relativism and its others. American Anthropologist, 104(3), 783-790. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2002.104.3.783
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四、學術研討會論文
Elbadawy, A. (2010, Apr. 15-17). Education returns in the marriage market: does female education investment improve the quality of future husbands in Egypt? [Conference session]. Population Association of America 2010 Annual Meeting Program, Dallas, TX, United States. https://paa2010.princeton.edu/papers/101788
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五、專題研究報告
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六、新聞與網路資料
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七、影音資訊
Diab, M. (Director). (2010). Cairo 678 [Film]. New Century Production.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
中東與中亞研究碩士學位學程
108560001
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108560001
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 王經仁zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wang, Ching-Jenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳芃彣zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Peng-Wenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳芃彣zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Peng-Wenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Nov-2021 12:23:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Nov-2021 12:23:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Nov-2021 12:23:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0108560001en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137743-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 中東與中亞研究碩士學位學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 108560001zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在2011年的埃及革命中，穆斯林婦女離家參與示威抗議行動對於女性賦權極具象徵性意義－女人突破傳統性別空間的限制並進入過往幾乎只由男人統御的公共領域。然而，女性地位不只沒有因為革命的成功而獲得改善，她的移動依然受到家庭及社會規範的限制。移動是一項賦權，控制與限制女人的移動皆會加劇其原本就居於弱勢的處境。根據聯合國開發計劃署（UNDP）於2020年公佈的性別不平等指數（GII），埃及的性別不平等問題仍是國家發展必須面對的課題。

為剖析埃及穆斯林婦女移動的阻礙成因和其移動慣習的養成，本研究藉由四位埃及女性作家Alīfah Rifʿat、Nawāl al-Saʿdāwī、Leila Ahmed和Nayra Atiya的著作，以女性視角探析埃及穆斯林婦女的個人空間。研究發現，四位作家和其所描繪的埃及穆斯林婦女皆未將女人遭受的貶抑歧視歸因於伊斯蘭，而是認為父權體制才是導致女人受到壓迫與限制的主因。埃及穆斯林社會與伊斯蘭、父權體制交織形成的制度與規範，在鞏固男性霸權的同時，亦將女人箝制於傳統性別角色，使其不僅內化與服膺她在家庭與社會中作為他者的角色與職責，亦難以取得能夠助她奪回個人自主權的資源。

埃及穆斯林婦女的移動實踐，建立在現存社會結構下的慣習與她對未來的傾向。因為預期資源取得受限，以及移動時所面臨的阻礙與限制，使埃及穆斯林婦女轉而將婚姻與家庭視為生存的保障，協助社會再製女人對男人與家庭的依賴，進而逐漸形成被動的移動傾向。此外，移動所需具備的資本門檻，也導致來自不同社會階層的埃及穆斯林婦女對於自由移動的議題存在著分歧，使她們至今仍難以組織一股能夠與父權體制與宰制階級抗衡的有效力量。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) During the Egyptian Uprising of 2011, the advancement of Muslim women from home to participate in demonstrations has been interpreted as a significant symbol of women’s empowerment. The boundary crossing of gendered spaces and entrance into the public sphere, which was almost exclusively dominated by men in the past, is a progressive signal forward. Unfortunately, after the successful overthrow of Mubārak regime, the social status of Muslim women has not been realized. Social norms and family rules continue to constrain any perceived progress made by Muslim women. Mobility is a basic right and form of empowerment. Controlling and restricting a woman’s mobility will aggravate her disadvantaged situation. According to the Gender Inequality Index released by the United Nations Development Programme in 2020, gender inequality has been an important issue in Egypt which must be addressed in the national development strategies.

In order to explore the obstacles to the Egyptian Muslim Women’s mobility and the development of personal, autonomous mobility, this study analyzed the personal space of Egyptian Muslim women through the female perspective. This was based on the works of four Egyptian female authors Alīfah Rifʿat, Nawāl al-Saʿdāwī, Leila Ahmed and Nayra Atiya. Surprisingly, these authors did not attribute the derogation and discrimination that women suffered to Islam. Instead, they argue that the patriarchy is the primary cause of women’s oppressions and constraints. The institutions and norms formed by Muslim society, intertwined with a patriarchal system not only consolidated men’s dominance over women, but also held women back with their traditional gender roles. These roles made women submit themselves to domestic responsibilities and internalize their gender roles as the “Others” in the family and society. Consequently, it made it difficult for them to obtain the resources that might help them regain autonomy.

The social practice of Egyptian Muslim women’s mobility is in conflict between the existing habitus and women’s hope toward future. Due to limited access of resources as well as the obstacles and constraints they might encounter while moving, women turn to marriage and family to ensure their survival in the patriarchal society. Although their decision will only make them perpetuate their dependence on men and family, which gradually forms a passive attitude toward their mobility. In addition, the essential capital required for mobility also leads to the disagreement on the issue of freedom of movement among women from different social classes. This is a primary reason why they have not become sufficiently strong to compete with patriarchal institutions and the ruling class that have put restrictions on their mobility.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 謝辭 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 2
第二節 研究問題與目的 4
第三節 文獻回顧 6
第四節 研究方法與架構 16
第五節 研究範圍與限制 20
第二章 埃及女性文學與個人空間 22
第一節 Alīfah Rifʿat: Distant View of a Minaret and Other Stories 24
第二節 Nawāl al-Saʿdāwī: The Hidden Face of Eve 與 Woman at Point Zero 27
第三節 Leila Ahmed: A Border Passage: From Cairo to America--A Woman`s
Journey 31
第四節 Nayra Atiya:Khul-Khaal: Five Egyptian Women Tell Their Stories 34
第三章 埃及穆斯林婦女的他者形塑 37
第一節 伊斯蘭－女人的伊斯蘭與命定觀 39
第二節 家庭－女人的身體與職責 47
第三節 教育－女人的再製 57
第四節 就業－自由與獨立之路？ 63
第五節 社會階層－移動的目的與原因 70
第四章 埃及穆斯林婦女的移動權利與限制 76
第一節 伊斯蘭法與世俗法律 78
第二節 家庭－女兒、妻子與名譽 81
第三節 教育－就業與家庭的選擇 86
第四節 就業－緩慢的社會流動 91
第五節 社會階層－移動與慣習 97
第五章 結論 102
參考文獻 106		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2243826 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108560001en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 埃及zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 穆斯林婦女zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 移動zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 他者zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 慣習zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Egypten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Muslim womenen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mobilityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The otheren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Habitusen_US
dc.title (題名) 跨越疆界－從伊斯蘭、家庭地位與社會階層探討埃及穆斯林婦女的移動zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Crossing boundaries: Egyptian Muslim women`s mobility from the perspectives of Islam, family status and social classen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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七、影音資訊
Diab, M. (Director). (2010). Cairo 678 [Film]. New Century Production.		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202101651en_US