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題名 巴勒斯坦認同的外部符號建構與內部依附聚攏
The Identity of Palestine: Outer Symbolisation and Inner Dependency
作者 張家卉
Chang, Chia-Hui
貢獻者 趙竹成
Zhao, Zhu-Cheng
張家卉
Chang, Chia-Hui
關鍵詞 巴勒斯坦
民族認同
巴以關係
Palestine
National identity
Palestine-Israel relationship
日期 2022
上傳時間 1-Mar-2022 18:28:28 (UTC+8)
摘要 與以色列共享一片土地的巴勒斯坦，在二戰結束後就一直是國際社會無法解決的民族問題，國際政治情勢及區域政治現實，導致巴勒斯坦人民遲遲無法擁有一個真正的民族國家。在外部世界頻繁介入調解、以及巴勒斯坦內部積極爭取民族解放的進程中，民族認同的產生與凝聚成了重要命題，認同能夠彰顯及延續巴勒斯坦民族精神，亦能指引巴勒斯坦人民在未知的道路中前行。

本文將巴勒斯坦認同透過外塑及內發雙向架構的途徑，並透過認同理論加以研究，分析民族認同如何在歷史及政治的進程中運作。外塑性認同為從國際社會由外而內，所建構偏向政治性的巴勒斯坦認同符號，而內發性認同則是從巴勒斯坦內部社會由內而外，所外顯及延續偏向情感性的巴勒斯坦認同表徵。釐清巴勒斯坦認同的內外圖像後，再在認同理論的框架下，分析外部呈現的巴勒斯坦認同與巴勒斯坦內部外顯的認同之交互作用。

最後本文研究發現，巴勒斯坦認同在傳統含義上包含了伊斯蘭信仰認同、阿拉伯文化認同，及有別於以上兩種集合的對錫安主義的抵抗。而在政治劇變及歷史的洪流中，起初巴勒斯坦內部還尚未凝聚民族認同感，國際社會及區域角力利用國際組織的運作及大國政治的介入，率先給予了一個尚待解決的巴勒斯坦族群問題之框架。從今往後在這樣的架構裡，巴勒斯坦民族亦步亦趨地凝聚了本質上、歷史上與政治上的民族認同，並透過各種渠道將這樣的認同延續下去，成為民族運動的力量；而外部世界也不斷地在巴勒斯坦議題上強化政治性的認同符號，如此內外交互作用及影響，勾勒了巴勒斯坦民族認同的完整圖像。
Since the end of the World War II, the international society has not yet reached a consensus on the Palestine Problem―a problem that the Palestinian people cannot have their nation-state for a long period of time due to the international political situation and regional political reality. In such a situation, the construction of national identity has become an important issue in modern Palestinian society and in the modern world. Not only can national identity demonstrate the Palestinian spirit which made Palestinian living in the way of Palestine custom, but can also guide the Palestinian people through an unknown future. Therefore, the thesis aims to analysed the Palestinian identity by the identity theory.

By applying a bilateral structure of external shaping and internal spontaneity, the thesis analysed the Palestinian identity and its historical and political progress. External shaping identity is a Palestinian identity outer symbolisation constructed from the outer international world to the inside society. Conversely, the internal spontaneity is not so much political as emotional. It is an inner dependency of Palestinian identity, from the inner Palestinian society to the outer world. After exploring the external and internal of Palestinian identity, this thesis analysed the interaction between the outer and inner Palestinian identity with identity theory.

Finally, the thesis found that the Palestine identity in the traditional sense includes both Islamic and Arab identities, as well as the resistance to Zionism, an identity different from the the previoius ones. Moreover, this research argued that it was not until the intervention of the international society, especially the great powers and international organisairons, as well as the changes in geopolitics that the unresolved Palestinian ethnic issue became increasingly important.

In other words, it was under these conditions that a framework for the Palestinian identity was formed. Within this framework, the Palestinian people has gradually developed its essential, historical and political national identities. Furthermore, such identities worked in various ways, for instance, they became a powerful force in national movements. Apart from this, with the political identity symbols imposed by the outter society, the Palestinian national identity was constructed more sophisticatedly. In this way, the result of external and internal interaction depicts a complete picture of Palestinian national identity.
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（二）期刊論文
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（二）期刊論文
Fincham, Kathleen. “Learning the nation in exile: constructing youth identities, belonging and ‘citizenship’ in Palestinian refugee camps in south Lebanon”. Comparative Education. Vol. 48, No.1, (February 2012): pp.119-133.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
中東與中亞研究碩士學位學程
104560004
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104560004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 趙竹成zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Zhao, Zhu-Chengen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張家卉zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Chia-Huien_US
dc.creator (作者) 張家卉zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang, Chia-Huien_US
dc.date (日期) 2022en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Mar-2022 18:28:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Mar-2022 18:28:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Mar-2022 18:28:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0104560004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/139336-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 中東與中亞研究碩士學位學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 104560004zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 與以色列共享一片土地的巴勒斯坦，在二戰結束後就一直是國際社會無法解決的民族問題，國際政治情勢及區域政治現實，導致巴勒斯坦人民遲遲無法擁有一個真正的民族國家。在外部世界頻繁介入調解、以及巴勒斯坦內部積極爭取民族解放的進程中，民族認同的產生與凝聚成了重要命題，認同能夠彰顯及延續巴勒斯坦民族精神，亦能指引巴勒斯坦人民在未知的道路中前行。

本文將巴勒斯坦認同透過外塑及內發雙向架構的途徑，並透過認同理論加以研究，分析民族認同如何在歷史及政治的進程中運作。外塑性認同為從國際社會由外而內，所建構偏向政治性的巴勒斯坦認同符號，而內發性認同則是從巴勒斯坦內部社會由內而外，所外顯及延續偏向情感性的巴勒斯坦認同表徵。釐清巴勒斯坦認同的內外圖像後，再在認同理論的框架下，分析外部呈現的巴勒斯坦認同與巴勒斯坦內部外顯的認同之交互作用。

最後本文研究發現，巴勒斯坦認同在傳統含義上包含了伊斯蘭信仰認同、阿拉伯文化認同，及有別於以上兩種集合的對錫安主義的抵抗。而在政治劇變及歷史的洪流中，起初巴勒斯坦內部還尚未凝聚民族認同感，國際社會及區域角力利用國際組織的運作及大國政治的介入，率先給予了一個尚待解決的巴勒斯坦族群問題之框架。從今往後在這樣的架構裡，巴勒斯坦民族亦步亦趨地凝聚了本質上、歷史上與政治上的民族認同，並透過各種渠道將這樣的認同延續下去，成為民族運動的力量；而外部世界也不斷地在巴勒斯坦議題上強化政治性的認同符號，如此內外交互作用及影響，勾勒了巴勒斯坦民族認同的完整圖像。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Since the end of the World War II, the international society has not yet reached a consensus on the Palestine Problem―a problem that the Palestinian people cannot have their nation-state for a long period of time due to the international political situation and regional political reality. In such a situation, the construction of national identity has become an important issue in modern Palestinian society and in the modern world. Not only can national identity demonstrate the Palestinian spirit which made Palestinian living in the way of Palestine custom, but can also guide the Palestinian people through an unknown future. Therefore, the thesis aims to analysed the Palestinian identity by the identity theory.

By applying a bilateral structure of external shaping and internal spontaneity, the thesis analysed the Palestinian identity and its historical and political progress. External shaping identity is a Palestinian identity outer symbolisation constructed from the outer international world to the inside society. Conversely, the internal spontaneity is not so much political as emotional. It is an inner dependency of Palestinian identity, from the inner Palestinian society to the outer world. After exploring the external and internal of Palestinian identity, this thesis analysed the interaction between the outer and inner Palestinian identity with identity theory.

Finally, the thesis found that the Palestine identity in the traditional sense includes both Islamic and Arab identities, as well as the resistance to Zionism, an identity different from the the previoius ones. Moreover, this research argued that it was not until the intervention of the international society, especially the great powers and international organisairons, as well as the changes in geopolitics that the unresolved Palestinian ethnic issue became increasingly important.

In other words, it was under these conditions that a framework for the Palestinian identity was formed. Within this framework, the Palestinian people has gradually developed its essential, historical and political national identities. Furthermore, such identities worked in various ways, for instance, they became a powerful force in national movements. Apart from this, with the political identity symbols imposed by the outter society, the Palestinian national identity was constructed more sophisticatedly. In this way, the result of external and internal interaction depicts a complete picture of Palestinian national identity.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 文獻回顧 2
第三節 研究方法與理論途徑 13
第四節 研究範圍與限制 15
第五節 章節安排 19
第二章 巴勒斯坦群像 21
第一節 巴勒斯坦地理與歷史背景 21
第二節 何謂巴勒斯坦人 26
第三節 政治現實下的困境 31
第四節 小結 41
第三章 國際社會所呈現的巴勒斯坦認同符號 45
第一節 政府與非政府組織 45
第二節 電影藝術 56
第三節 大眾傳媒 67
第四節 小結 77
第四章 巴勒斯坦人自身認同的外顯與延續 79
第一節 民族運動者 79
第二節 文化與藝術工作者 90
第三節 普羅大眾 103
第四節 小結 109
第五章 結論 113
第一節 研究發現 113
第二節 理論實踐 114
第三節 研究展望 117
參考文獻 119
附錄一 135
後記 139		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 6145419 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104560004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 巴勒斯坦zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 民族認同zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 巴以關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Palestineen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) National identityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Palestine-Israel relationshipen_US
dc.title (題名) 巴勒斯坦認同的外部符號建構與內部依附聚攏zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Identity of Palestine: Outer Symbolisation and Inner Dependencyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ㄧ、中文部分
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Cate Malek, Mateo Hoke編著，蔡欣芝譯。《巴勒斯坦之聲：被綁架的家園》。臺北：臺灣商務印書館，2017。
Edward W. Said, David Barsamian，梁永安譯。《文化與抵抗》。臺北：立緒文化，2004。
Edward W. Said，梁永安譯。《薩依德的流亡者之書》。臺北：立緒文化，2010。
Edward W. Said，王志弘譯。《東方主義》。臺北：立緒文化，2000。
Ghazi Abdel-Qadir，陳慧芬譯。《香菜先生》。臺北：玉山社出版，2002。
Ghassan Zaqtan，宋子江、馬德松、柯夏智、方梓勳及陳嘉恩編譯。《公園裡的死者》。香港：香港中文大學出版社，2015。
Ghassan Kanafani，郅溥浩譯。《陽光下的人們》。北京：華文出版社，2018。
Ilan Pappe，王健、秦穎、羅銳等譯。《現代巴勒斯坦史》。上海：上海人民出版社，2019。
Mahmoud Darwish，薛慶國譯。《來自巴勒斯坦的情人》。湖南：湖南文藝出版社，2020。
Mosab Hassan Yousef, Ron Brackin，陸沛珩譯。《哈瑪斯之子：恐怖組織頭號叛徒的告白》。臺北：大塊文化，2013。
Mourid Barghouti，陳逸如譯。《回家—橄欖油與無花果樹的記憶》。臺北：馬可孛羅文化，2007。
Najwan Darwish，宋子江、馬德松、柯夏智、方梓勳及陳嘉恩編譯。《沈睡在加薩》。香港：香港中文大學出版社，2015。
Raja Shehadeh，馬永波、楊于軍譯。《漫步巴勒斯坦—消逝中的風景》。臺北：書林出版，2012。
Raja Shehadeh，郭品潔譯。《我們一家陌生人》。臺北：聯經出版，2009。
Susan Abulhawa，張穎綺譯。《藍色加薩》。臺北：立緒文化，2016。
Susan Abulhawa，鄧伯宸譯。《哭泣的橄欖樹》。臺北：立緒文化，2010。
Thomas Kiernan，余崇健、劉和生等譯。《阿拉法特—沙漠中的怒火》。台北：北辰文化，1990。
Valerie Kennedy，邱彥彬譯。《認識薩伊德：一個批判的導論》。臺北：麥田出版，2003。
石之瑜，《後現代的國家認同》。臺北：世界書局，1995。
邵宗海、楊逢泰、洪泉湖編。《族群問題與族群關係》。臺北：幼獅文化，1995。
施正鋒，《臺灣民族主義》。臺北：前衛出版社，2003。
施正鋒，《自我認同與民族認同的追尋》。臺中：財團法人新新臺灣文化教育基金會，2013。
姚惠娜，《巴勒斯坦》。北京：社會科學文獻，2010。
時子周譯述，《國語古蘭經》，臺北市 : 台北清真寺譯經委員會，1958。
許維德，《族群與國族認同的形成》。桃園：中央大學出版社，2013。
陳立樵，《以色列史》。臺北：三民出版社，2018。
陳立樵，《縱觀百年西亞》。臺北：臺灣商務印書館，2020。

（二）期刊論文
王孔祥，〈從國際法視角看巴勒斯坦的國家身份〉，《中國與國際關係學刊》，第2期(2016)，頁115-135。
王京烈，〈巴勒斯坦向何處去〉，《西亞非洲》，第5期(2002)，頁4-8。
王亞寧，〈淺析巴勒斯坦非政府組織〉，《阿拉伯世界研究》，第2期(2009)，頁47-53。
王廣大，〈從建構主義視角考察阿以衝突的緣起、困境及其出路〉，《阿拉伯世界研究》，第6期(2011)，頁24-29。
江宜樺，〈自由民主體制下的國家認同〉，《臺灣社會研究季刊》，第25期(1997)，頁83-121。
紀舜傑，〈以色列的國家認同—集中營與巴勒斯坦的推拉〉，《臺灣國際研究季刊》，第 7 卷第 4 期(2011)，頁 155-171。
范鴻達，〈巴勒斯坦難民：日暮鄉關何處是〉，《世界知識》，第9期(2013)，頁42-43。
馬麗蓉、蔣藍輝，〈俄羅斯與伊斯蘭合作組織關係：群我利益建構的分析視角〉，《西亞非洲》，第4期(2020)，頁103-123。
徐若琦，〈巴勒斯坦非政府組織：類別與功能〉，《阿拉伯世界研究》，第2期(2009)，頁40-46。
張茂桂，〈臺灣歷史上的族群關係：談身份認同政治的幾個問題〉，《臺灣史蹟研習會講義彙編》。臺北：臺北市文獻委員會，1996，頁1-22。
陳天社，〈阿拉伯國家支持巴勒斯坦事業的雙重性〉，《阿拉伯世界研究》，第4期(2008)，頁45-51。
陳天社，〈阿拉伯國家的巴勒斯坦難民及其影響〉，《世界民族》，第3期(2009)，頁72-81。
陳天社，〈巴勒斯坦民族認同與國家構建探析〉，《鄭州大學學報》，第1期(2016)，頁149-157。
陳雙慶，〈巴勒斯坦能建國嗎〉，《世界知識》，第18期(2011)，頁40-42。
陳雙慶，〈巴勒斯坦兩派借「勢」和解〉，《世界知識》，第 11期(2011)，頁40-41。
楊輝，〈試論巴勒斯坦民族構建問題—本土與流亡民族主義的磨合與分歧〉，《西亞非洲》，第4期(2004)，頁19-25。
楊輝，〈巴勒斯坦鬥爭方式的演變〉，《西亞非洲》， 第4期(2004)，頁25-28。
鄒蘭芳、陸孝修，〈巴勒斯坦電影〉，《當代電影》， 第4期(2005)，頁112-114。
趙克仁，〈強權政治與巴勒斯坦問題〉，《西亞非洲》， 第9期(2006)，頁19-25。
趙克仁，〈從阿拉伯民族主義到巴勒斯坦民族主義—巴勒斯坦民族的成長歷程〉，《世界民族》， 第1期(2007)，頁21-29。
趙秋蒂，〈徘徊在東方與西方之間──談薩依德《東方主義》所呈現的民族學論述〉，《外國語文研究》， 第 6 期(2007)，頁62-66。
趙洲，〈聯合國會員國的身份獲得與主權國家身份建構–––以巴勒斯坦申請加入聯合國為例〉，《太平洋學報》， 第20期(2012)，頁53-63。
劉中民，〈從阿拉伯民族主義到巴勒斯坦民族主義—20世紀上半葉巴勒斯坦地區民族主義的發展與轉型〉，《西亞非洲》，第7期(2011)，頁61-76。
鄧衍森，〈國際法院對以色列在佔領地建造圍牆諮詢意見有關管轄權問題〉，《月旦法學教室》， 第188期(2018)，頁32-35。

（三）學位論文
包修平，〈哈馬斯與以巴和平進程之研究〉。碩士論文，國立政治大學，外交研究所，臺北，2006。
朱志昌，〈從國際法析論巴勒斯坦自治政府之法律地位〉。碩士論文，國立海洋大學，海洋法律研究所，臺北，2005。
吳尚洋，〈巴勒斯坦解放組織國際地位邊遷之研究〉。碩士論文，國立中興大學，國際政治研究所，臺中，2002。
吳劍東，〈巴勒斯坦解放組織之研究〉。碩士論文，政治作戰學院，臺北，1987。
馬學清，〈巴勒斯坦民族主義運動的形成及巴勒斯坦民族認同的演變〉。碩士論文，西北大學，西安，2001。
陳翼均，〈聯合國在巴勒斯坦問題中的角色之研究：(1947－2010)〉。碩士論文，淡江大學，國際事務與戰略研究所，臺北，2011。
張啟信，〈巴勒斯坦在聯合國之法律地位〉。碩士論文，中國文化大學，法律學系，臺北，2015。
楊光舜，〈以色列錫安主義認同與中東和平談判：社會建構理論分析〉。碩士論文，東海大學，政治學系，臺中，2013。
潘紉蓉，〈以巴和平進程—奧斯陸協議與路線圖比較研究〉。碩士論文，國立政治大學，外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班，臺北，2014。
鄧瑋仁，〈恐怖主義對以色列與巴勒斯坦和平進程之影響〉。碩士論文，銘傳大學，國際事務研究所，臺北，2009。
賴妍而，〈薩依德眼中的以巴問題〉。碩士論文，國立中山大學，政治學研究所，高雄，2007。
蔡明樺，〈從恐怖主義組織之視角探討「以、巴衝突」之發展〉。碩士論文，淡江大學，國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班，2013。
蔡業聖，〈當代以巴衝突的宗教因素—以忠信社群(GushEmunim)之發展和影響為例〉。碩士論文，國立政治大學，宗教研究所，臺北，2006。
韓維倫，〈英國託管時期(1917-1948)巴勒斯坦地區的阿猶衝突問題之分析〉。碩士論文，南華大學，歐洲研究所，嘉義，2006。

二、英文部分
（一）專書
Abd, Al-Fattah M. The Muslim Brothers and the Palestine Question 1928-1947. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 1998.
Banton, Michael. Racial Theories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Barghouti, Omar. BDS: Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2011.
Baracskay, Daniel. The Palestine Liberation Organization terrorism and prospects for peace in the Holy Land. Calif.: Praeger, 2011.
Bauck, Petter; Omer, Mohammed(eds.). The Oslo Accords: A Critical Assessment. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2013.
Benvenisti, Meron. Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land Since 1948. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000.
Bowker, Robert. Palestinian Refugees. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003.
Burayzat, Musa S. Jordan, the league of Arab States, and the question of Palestine: cooperation or conflict? New York: New York University, 1988.
Caspi, Mishael Maswari and Jerome David Weltsch. From Slumber to Awakening: Culture and Identity of Arab Israeli Literati. Maryland: University Press of America, 1998.
Elad-Bouskila, Ami. Modern Palestinian Literature and Culture. London: Frank Cass, 1999.
Freedman, Robert O.. The Intifada: its impact on Israel, the Arab World, and the superpowers. Miami: Florida International University Press, 1991.
Geertz, Clifford. Old Societies and New States. New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1963.
Gelvin, James L.. The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Gerber, Haim. Remembering and Imagining Palestine. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
Gerner, Deborah J.. One Land, Two Peoples. Colorado: Westview Press, 1994.
Hammer, Juliane. Palestinians Born in Exile. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005.
Hamzeh, Muna. Refugees in Our Own Land. London: Pluto Press, 2001.
Hanafi, Sarai, Carlos Milani, Sarah Ben Nefissa, and Nabil Abd al- Fattah(eds.). NGOs and Governance in the Arab World. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2005.
Hroub, Khaled. Hamas: a beginner`s guide. Michigan: Pluto Press, 2010.
Jabra, Ibrahim Jabra. The First Well: A Bethehem Boyhood. (Translated by Issa J. Boullata). Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press, 1995.
Jankowski, James and Israel Gershoni. Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
Jonas, George. Vengeance: The True Story of an Israeli Counter-Terrorist Team. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005.
Kanaaneh, Moslih, Stig-Magnus Thorsen, Heather Bursheh and David A. McDonald(eds.). Palestinian Music and Song: Expression and Resistance since 1900. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2013.
Karsh, Efraim. Arafat’s War. New York: Grove Press, 2003.
Khalidi, Rashid. Under Siege: P.L.O. Decisionmaking During the 1982 War. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.
--- The Iron Cage: The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood. Boston: Beacon Press, 2006.
--- Palestinian Identity. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
Kiernan, Thomas. Arafat, the man and the myth. New York: Norton, 1976.
Kimmerling, Baruch and Joel S. Migdal. The Palestinian People. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003.
Lewis, Bernard. Semites and Anti-Semites, An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1986.
Lorenz, Joseph P.. Egypt and Arabs: Foreign Policy and the Search for Identity, Boulder: Westview Press, 1990.
Meir, Golda. Nothing but peace: address by the prime Minister, Mrs. Golda Meir, at the
opening of the summer session of the Knesset, 5 May 1969. Jerusalem: Ministry for
Foreign Affairs, 1969.
Morris, Benny. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem 1947-1949. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
--- 1948 and After. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.
--- The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
--- One State, Two States. London: Yale University Press, 2010.
Musu, Costanza. European Union Policy towards the Arab–Israeli Peace Process. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
Nuttall, Simon J., European Political Co-operation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
O’Ballance, Edgar. The Palestinian Intifada. London: Macmillan Press, 1998.
Pappe, Ilan. A History of Modern Palestine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
--- The Forgotten Palestinians. London: Yale University Press, 2011.
--- The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine. Oxford: Oneworld Publications Limited, 2006.
--- Out of the Frame. London: Pluto Press, 2010.
--- (ed.). The Israel/Palestine Question. London: Routledge, 1999.
Parry, William. Against the Wall: The Art of Resistance in Palestine. London: Pluto Press, 2010.
Peretz, Don. Intifada. London: Westview Press, 1990.
--- Palestinians, Refugees, and the Middle East Peace Process. Washington D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 1993.
Persson, Anders. The EU and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1971-2013. London: Lexington Books, 2015.
Peters, Joan. From Time Immemorial: the Origins of the Arab-Jewish Conflict over Palestine. New York: Harper & Row, 1984.
Roseberry, William; O`Brien, Jay. Golden Ages, Dark Ages: Imagining the Past in Anthropology and History. California: University of California Press, 2020.
Rothschild, Joseph. Ethnopolitics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981.
Rubin, Barry and Judith Colp Rubin. Yasir Arafat: A Political Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Said, Edward W.. The Question of Palestine. New York: Vintage Books, 1992.
Schulz, Helena Lindholm. The Reconstruction of Palestinian Nationalism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999.
Shalev, Aryeh. The Intifada: Causes and Effects. Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post, 1991.
Smith, Anthony D.. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1986.
Telhami, Shirley and Michael Barnett. Identity and Foreign Policy in the Middle East. New York: Cornell University Press, 2002.
United Nations. The Question of Palestine and the United Nations. New York: United Nations Department of Public Information, 2008.
Wendt, Alexander. Social theory of international politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Young, Crawford. The Politics of Cultural Pluralism. Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1976.

（二）期刊論文
Fincham, Kathleen. “Learning the nation in exile: constructing youth identities, belonging and ‘citizenship’ in Palestinian refugee camps in south Lebanon”. Comparative Education. Vol. 48, No.1, (February 2012): pp.119-133.
Furani, Khaled and Rabinowitz, Dan. “The Ethnographic Arriving of Palestine”. Annual Review of Anthropology. Vol. 40, (October 2011): pp.475-491.
Gesser-Edelsburg, Anat. “Minority Identity Discourse: The Impact of Viewing the Play an Arab Dream on the Identity Crisis of Palestinians in Israel”. Journal of Language. Identity & Education. Vol. 12 Issue 2, (Spring 2013): pp.75-95.
Grapek, Alysia. “Facebook Censors Palestine: A Preliminary Analysis of Censored Palestinian Content by Facebook”. MA Cultural Studies and Communication, University of Southern Denmark, 2020.
Khalidi, Rashid. “Palestinian Nationalism”. Journal of Palestine Studies. Vol. 27, No. 1, (Autumn 1997): pp.96-97.
Kimmerling, Baruch. “The Formation of Palestinian Collective Identities: The Ottoman and Mandatory Periods”. Middle Eastern Studies. Volume 36, Issue 2, (Spring 2000): pp.48-81.
Lavie, Ephraim. “Reviewed Work(s): The Iron Cage: The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood by Rashid Khalidi”. The Middle East Book Review, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011), pp.112-117.
Meital, Yoram. “The Khartoum Conference and Egyptian Policy after the 1967 War: A Reexamination”. Middle East Journal. 54 (2000): pp.64-82.
Morris, Benny. “Review: Rashid Khalidi—Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness”. Israel Studies, Spring, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Spring 1998), pp.266-272.
NGO Monitor. “Analysis of EU Funding to NGOs in 2019: Divisive Politics, Terror links, and Antisemitism”. Jerusalem: Institute for NGO Research, 2020.
NGO Monitor. “Europe Funds Fraudulent Child Rights Campaign to Sanction Israel”. Jerusalem: Institute for NGO Research, 2021.
Peteet, Julie. “Palestine and Palestinians-Palestinian Refugees and Identity: Nationalism, Politics and the Everyday”. The Middle East Journal. Washington Vol. 70, Iss.1, (Winter 2016): pp.159-160.
Pinson, Halleli. “The excluded citizenship identity: Palestinian/Arab Israeli young people negotiating their political identities”. British Journal of Sociology of Education. Volume 29, Issue 2(Spring 2008): pp.201-212.
Sa`di, Ahmad H. “Catastrophe, memory and identity: Al-Nakbah as a component of Palestinian identity”. Israel Studies; Bloomington Vol. 7, Iss. 2, (Summer 2002): p.175.
Toenjes, Ashley. “This Wall Speaks: Graffiti and Transnational Networks in Palestine”, Jerusalem Quarterly, Issue61, (Winter 2015): pp.55-68.
Walsh, Daniel J.. “The Palestine Poster Project Archives: Origins, Evolution, and Potential”. MA in Arab Studies, Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University, 2011.
Walsh, Daniel J. and Rochelle Davis. “‘Visit Palestine’: A Brief Study of Palestine Posters”. Jerusalem Quarterly, Issue 61, (Winter 2015): pp.42-54.
World Bank. “World Bank Funding to Palestinian NGOs with Ties to Terror”, 4 February, 2021.
World Bank Group. “The West BANK and Gaza Partnership for Infrastructure Development Multi-Donor Trust Fund”, Semi-Annual Report Fy21 Reporting Period: 1 July, 2020 to 31 December, 2020.

三、網路資料
Adams, Paul. “Jerusalem`s Sheikh Jarrah: The land dispute in the eye of a storm”, BBC., From: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-57243631. Retrieved 25 September, 2021.
Agowun, Adam. “Fashion history: the Palestinian Keffiyeh”, The Boar. From: https://theboar.org/2021/06/palestinian-keffiyeh/. Retrieved 19 November, 2021.
ALJAZEERA. “In Pictures: Israel’s illegal separation wall still divides”, “The Palestinian home hemmed in by Israel’s separation wall”, “A decade of anti-wall struggle”, “Palestinians at West Bank wall: Kushner’s plan ‘misses point’”, “Israel’s separation wall endures, 15 years after ICJ ruling”, “Fire at the Gaza wall, not over it”, “Palestinians hit back at graffiti tourists”, “Against the Wall”, “The apartheid wall”, “West Bank wall divides neighbours” “West Bank village protests extension of Israeli wall”, “World court to rule on Israeli wall”, “Israel says Separation Wall will be border”, “Israel demolishes Palestinian homes near separation wall”, “Palestinians break Israel’s wall”. From: https://www.aljazeera.com/search/Palestine%20Wall. Retrieved 13 September, 2021.
Anderson, Janne Louise. “The Passion, Politics and Power of Shadia Mansour”, Rolling Stone Middle East. From: https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182124/http://www.rollingstoneme.com/music/the-passion-politics-and-power-of-shadia-mansour. Retrieved 20 November, 2021.
BBC NEWS. “Israel-Gaza violence: The conflict explaine”, “Israel-Palestinian Facebook posts need `bias` review”, “Sheikh Jarrah: Palestinians and Israelis baulk at evictions compromise”, “Palestinian security officers killed during Israeli raid in West Bank”, “Thousands protest in London over Israel-Gaza violence”, “Israel-Gaza conflict: UN body to investigate violence”, “How much has Hamas policy changed?”, “Six Day War: Six ways the conflict still matters”, “Palestinian gunman kills three Israelis”, “US Jerusalem recognition `a kiss of death`” “Palestinian activist arrested in East Jerusalem”, “Instagram changes algorithm after Gaza conflict”, “Israelis and Palestinians turn to TikTok”, “Israel-Gaza: `Confrontation has lasted 100 years`”. From: https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/c207p54m4rqt/israel-the-palestinians. Retrieved 14 October, 2021.
Biennial Foundation. “Qalandiya International”. From: https://www.biennialfoundation.org/biennials/qalandiya-international-palestine-2/. Retrieved 8 November, 2021.
Connor, Jackson. “Why Watermelons Are a Symbol of Political Protest for Palestinians”, VICE. From: https://www.vice.com/en/article/z4g3ya/why-watermelons-are-a-symbol-of-political- protest-for-palestinians. Retrieved 16 November, 2021.
El-Miligi, Nour. “Tweet Like It’s Free: What Would a Liberated Palestine Look Like?”, Scoop Empire. From: https://scoopempire.com/tweet-like-its-free-what-would-a-liberated-palestine-look-like/. Retrieved 20 November, 2021.
Facebook. “The Palestinian Information Center”, “Palestine”, “FREE PALESTINE”, “Free and love to Palestine”, “The Eye Of Palestine”, “Fire at the Gaza wall, not over it”, “Palestinians hit back at graffiti tourists”, “Against the Wall”, “The apartheid wall”, “West Bank wall divides neighbours” “West Bank village protests extension of Israeli wall”, “World court to rule on Israeli wall”, “Israel says Separation Wall will be border”, “Israel demolishes Palestinian homes near separation wall”, “Palestinians break Israel’s wall”. From:
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202200286en_US