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題名 商業計劃書:世界上第一艘社會企業郵輪
The World’s First Cruise Ship in Social Enterprise
作者 陳俊豪
Chen, Chun-Hao
貢獻者 吳文傑
Wu, Jack
陳俊豪
Chen, Chun-Hao
關鍵詞 遊輪
社會企業
旅遊
區塊鏈
Cruise ship
Social enterprise
Travel
Blockchain
NFT
日期 2023
上傳時間 9-Mar-2023 18:27:50 (UTC+8)
摘要 As the world population reached to 8 billion, many challenges are ahead of us. The common people suffer the problem of natural disaster, climate change effect and the wars between countries. This business plan analyzes the traditional cruise ship business to adopt on social enterprise model. The cruise line giants such as The Carnival, Royal Caribbean, and The Norwegian could establish a social cruise division to develop a People Cruise. The People Cruise to be a place that gathers all type of organizations, groups and individual to support the people whom in need of help. And by leveraging the Web3 blockchain technology to accelerate the community building in the People Cruise’s ecosystems. The People Cruise could be the first crypto-friendly cruise ship in the world. With the benefits of NFT and metaverse, the cruise ship could operate in both online and offline to reach the maximum growth. People Cruise is the pioneer of Donate and Leisure model. Similar to people who purchase TOMS shoe or purchase a Patagonia’s T-shirt, people would also purchase a People Cruise’s ticket for a meaning. A cruise that is for the people, by the people.
參考文獻 1. Byatnal, A. (2022, November 15). Population hits 8 billion, but UNFPA sees bigger things to worry about. Devex. https://www.devex.com/news/population-hits-8-billion-but-unfpa-sees-bigger-things-to-worry-about-104460#:~:text=A%20hallmark%20of%20the%208,seeing%20across%20the%20world%20today
2. Grucela, A. (2023, January 10). Cruise Industry: 100+ Statistics, Facts, and Trends. Passport-photo.online. https://passport-photo.online/blog/cruise-industry-statistics/#:~:text=The%20cruise%20industry%20made%20%2413,industry%20supports%20over%201M%20jobs
3. Frost, R. (2022, October 04). Ukraine estimates more than €35bn of environmental damage has been done by Russia`s invasion. Euronews.green. https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/10/04/ukraine-estimates-more-than-35bn-in-environmental-damage-has-been-done-by-russias-invasion
4. NPT- National Philanthropic Trust. (2021). NPT curates statistics from recent studies and reports on charitable giving in the U.S. Please refer to the footnotes for original sources. National Philanthropic Trust. https://www.nptrust.org/philanthropic-resources/charitable-giving-statistics/#:~:text=General%20Philanthropy&text=Foundation%20giving%20in%202021%20increased,a%203.4%25%20increase%20from%202020.&text=In%202021%2C%20the%20largest%20source,representing%2067%25%20of%20total%20giving
5. Cruise Market Watch. (2021). Growth of the Ocean Cruise Line Industry. Cruise Market Watch. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/growth/
6. United Nation. (n.d). Do you know all 17 SDGs? United Nation [Retrieved from December 15, 2022] https://sdgs.un.org/goals
7. Silverstein, E. (2022, September 13). Cruise Ship Rooms: What You Need to Know About Choosing Your Cabin. Cruise Critic. https://www.cruisecritic.com/articles.cfm?ID=77
8. Statista. (2022, December). Number of identity-verified cryptoasset users from 2016 to November 2022. Statista.com. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1202503/global-cryptocurrency-user-base/
9. Wikipedia. (n.d). Non-fungible token. Wikipedia. [Retrieved from December 17, 2022]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-fungible_token
10. CoinMarketCap. (n.d). The Sandbox. CoinMarketCap. [Retrieved from December 17, 2022]. https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/the-sandbox/
11. iMedia. (n.d). Jay Chou opened the concert to the Metaverse!Joint NFT products are robbed crazy. iMedia. [Retrieved from December 17, 2022]. https://min.news/en/taiwan/5c2541279ad9dc1a1aad8689f75d2bec.html
12. Grace, M. (2008, June 17). A Brief History of the Cruise Ship Industry… The Past and Now. https://www.cruiselinehistory.com/a-brief-history-of-the-cruise-ship-industry/
13. Statista. (2022, September 28). Cruise industry worldwide - statistics & facts. Statista.com. https://www.statista.com/topics/1004/cruise-industry/#topicOverview
14. Grucela, A. (2023, January 10). Cruise Industry: 100+ Statistics, Facts, and Trends. Passport-photo.online. https://passport-photo.online/blog/cruise-industry-statistics/#:~:text=The%20cruise%20industry%20made%20%2413,industry%20supports%20over%201M%20jobs
15. Cruise Market Watch. (2021). Growth of the Ocean Cruise Line Industry. Cruise Market Watch. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/growth/
16. Revfine.com. (n.d). Cruise Industry: All You Need to Know About Cruises!. Revfine.com. [Retrieved from December 20, 2022]. https://www.revfine.com/cruise-industry/#revenue-management
17. Grucela, A. (2023, January 10). Cruise Industry: 100+ Statistics, Facts, and Trends. Passport-photo.online. https://passport-photo.online/blog/cruise-industry-statistics/#:~:text=The%20cruise%20industry%20made%20%2413,industry%20supports%20over%201M%20jobs
18. Cruise Market Watch. (2021). 2021 Worldwide Cruise Line Passenger Capacity. Cruise Market Watch. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/capacity/
19. Cruise Market Watch. (2021). Passenger Origins - 2021 Cruise Market Source Region. Cruise Market Watch. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/capacity/
20. Grucela, A. (2023, January 10). Cruise Industry: 100+ Statistics, Facts, and Trends. Passport-photo.online. https://passport-photo.online/blog/cruise-industry-statistics/#:~:text=The%20cruise%20industry%20made%20%2413,industry%20supports%20over%201M%20jobs
21. Camosse, J. (2021, November 30). Are Cruise Passengers Old? You Decide... Here are the Stats! Gangwaze Inc. https://gangwaze.com/blog/cruise-passenger-average-age
22. Cruise Market Watch. (2021). Market- U.S Cruise Market. Cruise Market Watch. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/market/
23. Barone, A. (2022, June 11). Social Enterprise. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-enterprise.asp
24. Pybus, J. (2022, June 7). First global social enterprise census reveals ‘one of the largest movements of our time’. Pioneers Post and British Council. https://immersives.pioneerspost.com/how-many-social-enterprises-worldwide/index.html#:~:text=There%20are%20approximately%2011m%20social,Council%20and%20Social%20Enterprise%20UK
25. Wikipedia. (n.d). Social enterprise. Wikipedia. [Retrieved from December 20, 2022]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_enterprise
26. The Nobel Prize. (n.d) Grameen Bank Facts. The Nobel Prize. [Retrieved from December 20, 2022]. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2006/grameen/facts/
27. TOMS. (n.d). TOMS Impact. TOMS. [Retrieved from December 20, 2022]. https://www.toms.com/us/impact.html
28. B Lab Global. (2021, July 14). B Lab announces the Best For The World™ 2021 B Corps. B Lab. https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/news/press/b-lab-announces-2021-best-world-b-corps-performance-excellence-beyond-just-profit
29. Statista. (n.d). Cruises – Worldwide. Statista.com. [Retrieved from December 22, 2022] https://www.statista.com/outlook/mmo/travel-tourism/cruises/worldwide
30. Statista. (n.d). Cruises – Worldwide. Statista.com. [Retrieved from December 22, 2022] https://www.statista.com/outlook/mmo/travel-tourism/cruises/worldwide#revenue
31. Fielding, J. (2022, October 29). How Much Does A Cruise Ship Cost To Build & Operate? Cruise Mummy. https://www.cruisemummy.co.uk/how-much-does-a-cruise-ship-cost/
32. Staff, B. (2020, March 11). Stocks & Sustainability: How They Relate. Berkeley Economic Review. https://econreview.berkeley.edu/stocks-sustainability-how-they-relate/
33. CLIA (n.d). CLIA Cruise Lines. Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) [Retrieved from December 25, 2022] https://cruising.org/en/cruise-lines
34. Cruise Market Watch. (2021). 2021 Worldwide Cruise Line Market Share. Cruise Market Watch. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/market-share/
35. Neventum S.L. (2023). Cruise lines Trade Shows. ntradeshows.com. https://www.ntradeshows.com/cruise-lines/
36. Shepard, J. (2023, January 3). 28 Essential Influencer Marketing Statistics You Need to Know in 2023. The Social Shepherd. https://thesocialshepherd.com/blog/influencer-marketing-statistics
37. Dawson, A. (2022, December 14). Argentina`s World Cup team brought 1,100 pounds of an herbal drink loved by Messi to Qatar. Insider. https://www.insider.com/world-cup-mate-herbal-loved-by-lionel-messi-helping-argentina-2022-12#:~:text=Mate%2C%20popular%20throughout%20parts%20of,dried%20leaves%20of%20yerba%20mate
38. Todorov, G. (2022, November 15). 118 Essential B2C Content Marketing Stats, Facts, and Trends 2022. ThriveMyWay. https://thrivemyway.com/b2c-content-marketing-stats/
39. Todorov, G. (2022, November 9). 155 Essential eCommerce Statistics, Facts and Trends 2022. ThriveMyWay. https://thrivemyway.com/ecommerce-stats/
40. Bibikova, A. (2022, February 15). How Much Should a Startup Spend on Marketing? Medium. https://entrepreneurshandbook.co/how-much-should-a-startup-spend-on-marketing-ec49855158d8
41. Routledge. (2018, October 4). Cruise Operations Management Hospitality Perspectives. By Philip Gibson, Philip Gibson, Richard Parkman.
42. Grucela, A. (2023, January 10). Cruise Industry: 100+ Statistics, Facts, and Trends. Passport-photo.online. https://passport-photo.online/blog/cruise-industry-statistics/#:~:text=The%20cruise%20industry%20made%20%2413,industry%20supports%20over%201M%20jobs
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
107933002
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107933002
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳文傑zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wu, Jacken_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳俊豪zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Chun-Haoen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳俊豪zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Chun-Haoen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Mar-2023 18:27:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Mar-2023 18:27:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Mar-2023 18:27:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107933002en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/143793-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 107933002zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) As the world population reached to 8 billion, many challenges are ahead of us. The common people suffer the problem of natural disaster, climate change effect and the wars between countries. This business plan analyzes the traditional cruise ship business to adopt on social enterprise model. The cruise line giants such as The Carnival, Royal Caribbean, and The Norwegian could establish a social cruise division to develop a People Cruise. The People Cruise to be a place that gathers all type of organizations, groups and individual to support the people whom in need of help. And by leveraging the Web3 blockchain technology to accelerate the community building in the People Cruise’s ecosystems. The People Cruise could be the first crypto-friendly cruise ship in the world. With the benefits of NFT and metaverse, the cruise ship could operate in both online and offline to reach the maximum growth. People Cruise is the pioneer of Donate and Leisure model. Similar to people who purchase TOMS shoe or purchase a Patagonia’s T-shirt, people would also purchase a People Cruise’s ticket for a meaning. A cruise that is for the people, by the people.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Executive Summary 1
2. Company Analysis 4
2.1 General Company Description 4
2.2 Key Aspects of the Business 5
2.3 Product and Services 6
2.3.1 Conference / Charitable events 6
2.3.2 Learning Sites for School and Institutions 7
2.3.3 Entertainment 8
2.3.4 Hotel service 8
2.3.5 A new way of onboarding 9
2.3.6 Metaverse Space 10
2.4 Conclusion 11
3. Market Overview and Industry Analysis 12
3.1 The Cruise Industry and Market Overview 12
3.1.1 A Brief History 12
3.1.2 Three Big players in the industry 13
3.1.3 Cruise Industry Demographics 15
3.2 Social Enterprise Industry Overview 18
3.2.1 A Brief History 18
3.2.2 Some Well-Known Social Enterprise 20
3.2.3 Controversy of social enterprise and solution 21
4. Marketing Plan 22
4.1 Facts about the future cruise industry 22
4.2 Product and Service from customer’s point of view 25
4.3 B2C and B2B Demographics 27
4.3.1 B2C - Business to Customers Demographics 27
4.3.2 B2B- Business to Business Demographics 27
4.4 Competition 28
4.5 SWOT Analysis 29
4.6 Focus on Niche Market 31
4.7 Marketing Strategy - 4Ps 31
4.7.1 Product 31
4.7.2 Pricing Strategy 31
4.7.3 Proposed Location 32
4.7.4 Promotion 32
4.8 Marketing Promotions 33
4.8.1 B2B Marketing Promotion 33
4.8.2 B2C Marketing Promotion 35
4.8.3 Promotional Budget 36
4.8.4 Distribution Channels 37
4.9 Sales Forecast 37
5. Operational Plan 39
5.1 Providing the Cruise Service 39
5.2 Location 40
5.3 Legal Environment 41
5.4 Personnel 41
5.5 Inventory and Suppliers 43
5.6 Management and Organization 43
6. Financial Plan 45
7. Conclusion 49
8. Reference 50

List of Figures and Table
Figure 1: Worldwide Cruise Passengers Carried from 1990 to 2020 13
Figure 2: Cruise Industry Competitors – Three Big Player
16
Figure 3: World’s Average Cruise Passenger by the Age Group
17
Figure 4: Revenue Projection to 2026 in Cruise Industry 22
Figure 5: Passenger Demand Projection to 2026 in Cruise Industry 23
Figure 6: Global Comparison of Demands to 2026 in Cruise Industry 23

Table 1: Cruise Industry Competitors -Three Big Player 15
Table 2: Leading Ocean Cruise Destinations Worldwide 2021
17
Table 3: U.S. Cruise Market Demographics 18
Table 4: Cruise Ship Cost in the Market 24
Table 5: U.S. Cruise Market Demographics 27
Table 6: The Cruise Line Company Details in 2021 29
Table 7: People Cruise Ltd Pricing Strategy 31
Table 8: People Cruise Ltd Sales Forecast of one month 38
Table 9: Average Salary of Cruise Ship Jobs in Overview 42
Table 10: Cost Analysis to Operate a Cruise ship 45
Table 11: Profit Analysis to operate a Cruise Ship in One Month 46		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1964811 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107933002en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 遊輪zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會企業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 旅遊zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 區塊鏈zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cruise shipen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social enterpriseen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Travelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Blockchainen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) NFTen_US
dc.title (題名) 商業計劃書:世界上第一艘社會企業郵輪zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The World’s First Cruise Ship in Social Enterpriseen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Byatnal, A. (2022, November 15). Population hits 8 billion, but UNFPA sees bigger things to worry about. Devex. https://www.devex.com/news/population-hits-8-billion-but-unfpa-sees-bigger-things-to-worry-about-104460#:~:text=A%20hallmark%20of%20the%208,seeing%20across%20the%20world%20today
2. Grucela, A. (2023, January 10). Cruise Industry: 100+ Statistics, Facts, and Trends. Passport-photo.online. https://passport-photo.online/blog/cruise-industry-statistics/#:~:text=The%20cruise%20industry%20made%20%2413,industry%20supports%20over%201M%20jobs
3. Frost, R. (2022, October 04). Ukraine estimates more than €35bn of environmental damage has been done by Russia`s invasion. Euronews.green. https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/10/04/ukraine-estimates-more-than-35bn-in-environmental-damage-has-been-done-by-russias-invasion
4. NPT- National Philanthropic Trust. (2021). NPT curates statistics from recent studies and reports on charitable giving in the U.S. Please refer to the footnotes for original sources. National Philanthropic Trust. https://www.nptrust.org/philanthropic-resources/charitable-giving-statistics/#:~:text=General%20Philanthropy&text=Foundation%20giving%20in%202021%20increased,a%203.4%25%20increase%20from%202020.&text=In%202021%2C%20the%20largest%20source,representing%2067%25%20of%20total%20giving
5. Cruise Market Watch. (2021). Growth of the Ocean Cruise Line Industry. Cruise Market Watch. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/growth/
6. United Nation. (n.d). Do you know all 17 SDGs? United Nation [Retrieved from December 15, 2022] https://sdgs.un.org/goals
7. Silverstein, E. (2022, September 13). Cruise Ship Rooms: What You Need to Know About Choosing Your Cabin. Cruise Critic. https://www.cruisecritic.com/articles.cfm?ID=77
8. Statista. (2022, December). Number of identity-verified cryptoasset users from 2016 to November 2022. Statista.com. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1202503/global-cryptocurrency-user-base/
9. Wikipedia. (n.d). Non-fungible token. Wikipedia. [Retrieved from December 17, 2022]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-fungible_token
10. CoinMarketCap. (n.d). The Sandbox. CoinMarketCap. [Retrieved from December 17, 2022]. https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/the-sandbox/
11. iMedia. (n.d). Jay Chou opened the concert to the Metaverse!Joint NFT products are robbed crazy. iMedia. [Retrieved from December 17, 2022]. https://min.news/en/taiwan/5c2541279ad9dc1a1aad8689f75d2bec.html
12. Grace, M. (2008, June 17). A Brief History of the Cruise Ship Industry… The Past and Now. https://www.cruiselinehistory.com/a-brief-history-of-the-cruise-ship-industry/
13. Statista. (2022, September 28). Cruise industry worldwide - statistics & facts. Statista.com. https://www.statista.com/topics/1004/cruise-industry/#topicOverview
14. Grucela, A. (2023, January 10). Cruise Industry: 100+ Statistics, Facts, and Trends. Passport-photo.online. https://passport-photo.online/blog/cruise-industry-statistics/#:~:text=The%20cruise%20industry%20made%20%2413,industry%20supports%20over%201M%20jobs
15. Cruise Market Watch. (2021). Growth of the Ocean Cruise Line Industry. Cruise Market Watch. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/growth/
16. Revfine.com. (n.d). Cruise Industry: All You Need to Know About Cruises!. Revfine.com. [Retrieved from December 20, 2022]. https://www.revfine.com/cruise-industry/#revenue-management
17. Grucela, A. (2023, January 10). Cruise Industry: 100+ Statistics, Facts, and Trends. Passport-photo.online. https://passport-photo.online/blog/cruise-industry-statistics/#:~:text=The%20cruise%20industry%20made%20%2413,industry%20supports%20over%201M%20jobs
18. Cruise Market Watch. (2021). 2021 Worldwide Cruise Line Passenger Capacity. Cruise Market Watch. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/capacity/
19. Cruise Market Watch. (2021). Passenger Origins - 2021 Cruise Market Source Region. Cruise Market Watch. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/capacity/
20. Grucela, A. (2023, January 10). Cruise Industry: 100+ Statistics, Facts, and Trends. Passport-photo.online. https://passport-photo.online/blog/cruise-industry-statistics/#:~:text=The%20cruise%20industry%20made%20%2413,industry%20supports%20over%201M%20jobs
21. Camosse, J. (2021, November 30). Are Cruise Passengers Old? You Decide... Here are the Stats! Gangwaze Inc. https://gangwaze.com/blog/cruise-passenger-average-age
22. Cruise Market Watch. (2021). Market- U.S Cruise Market. Cruise Market Watch. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/market/
23. Barone, A. (2022, June 11). Social Enterprise. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-enterprise.asp
24. Pybus, J. (2022, June 7). First global social enterprise census reveals ‘one of the largest movements of our time’. Pioneers Post and British Council. https://immersives.pioneerspost.com/how-many-social-enterprises-worldwide/index.html#:~:text=There%20are%20approximately%2011m%20social,Council%20and%20Social%20Enterprise%20UK
25. Wikipedia. (n.d). Social enterprise. Wikipedia. [Retrieved from December 20, 2022]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_enterprise
26. The Nobel Prize. (n.d) Grameen Bank Facts. The Nobel Prize. [Retrieved from December 20, 2022]. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2006/grameen/facts/
27. TOMS. (n.d). TOMS Impact. TOMS. [Retrieved from December 20, 2022]. https://www.toms.com/us/impact.html
28. B Lab Global. (2021, July 14). B Lab announces the Best For The World™ 2021 B Corps. B Lab. https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/news/press/b-lab-announces-2021-best-world-b-corps-performance-excellence-beyond-just-profit
29. Statista. (n.d). Cruises – Worldwide. Statista.com. [Retrieved from December 22, 2022] https://www.statista.com/outlook/mmo/travel-tourism/cruises/worldwide
30. Statista. (n.d). Cruises – Worldwide. Statista.com. [Retrieved from December 22, 2022] https://www.statista.com/outlook/mmo/travel-tourism/cruises/worldwide#revenue
31. Fielding, J. (2022, October 29). How Much Does A Cruise Ship Cost To Build & Operate? Cruise Mummy. https://www.cruisemummy.co.uk/how-much-does-a-cruise-ship-cost/
32. Staff, B. (2020, March 11). Stocks & Sustainability: How They Relate. Berkeley Economic Review. https://econreview.berkeley.edu/stocks-sustainability-how-they-relate/
33. CLIA (n.d). CLIA Cruise Lines. Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) [Retrieved from December 25, 2022] https://cruising.org/en/cruise-lines
34. Cruise Market Watch. (2021). 2021 Worldwide Cruise Line Market Share. Cruise Market Watch. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/market-share/
35. Neventum S.L. (2023). Cruise lines Trade Shows. ntradeshows.com. https://www.ntradeshows.com/cruise-lines/
36. Shepard, J. (2023, January 3). 28 Essential Influencer Marketing Statistics You Need to Know in 2023. The Social Shepherd. https://thesocialshepherd.com/blog/influencer-marketing-statistics
37. Dawson, A. (2022, December 14). Argentina`s World Cup team brought 1,100 pounds of an herbal drink loved by Messi to Qatar. Insider. https://www.insider.com/world-cup-mate-herbal-loved-by-lionel-messi-helping-argentina-2022-12#:~:text=Mate%2C%20popular%20throughout%20parts%20of,dried%20leaves%20of%20yerba%20mate
38. Todorov, G. (2022, November 15). 118 Essential B2C Content Marketing Stats, Facts, and Trends 2022. ThriveMyWay. https://thrivemyway.com/b2c-content-marketing-stats/
39. Todorov, G. (2022, November 9). 155 Essential eCommerce Statistics, Facts and Trends 2022. ThriveMyWay. https://thrivemyway.com/ecommerce-stats/
40. Bibikova, A. (2022, February 15). How Much Should a Startup Spend on Marketing? Medium. https://entrepreneurshandbook.co/how-much-should-a-startup-spend-on-marketing-ec49855158d8
41. Routledge. (2018, October 4). Cruise Operations Management Hospitality Perspectives. By Philip Gibson, Philip Gibson, Richard Parkman.
42. Grucela, A. (2023, January 10). Cruise Industry: 100+ Statistics, Facts, and Trends. Passport-photo.online. https://passport-photo.online/blog/cruise-industry-statistics/#:~:text=The%20cruise%20industry%20made%20%2413,industry%20supports%20over%201M%20jobs		zh_TW