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題名 以優選理論分析台灣華語與中國華語的英語音譯
An Optimality-theoretic Analysis of English Transliteration in Taiwan Mandarin and Chinese Mandarin作者 丁聖子
Ding, Sheng-Zih貢獻者 蕭宇超
Hsiao, Yuchau E.
丁聖子
Ding, Sheng-Zih關鍵詞 英語音譯
兩岸華語
借字改適
優選理論
English transliteration
Taiwan Mandarin
Chinese Mandarin
Loanword adaptation
Optimality Theory日期 2023 上傳時間 2-Aug-2023 14:07:47 (UTC+8) 摘要 本論文探討台灣華語和中國華語在英語借詞上的音韻差異，且著重於輔音的改適不同，就音譯結果不同收集了448個單詞。根據統計分析，台灣華語與中國華語在輔音改適方面存在五個差異。本篇論文所使用的理論框架為優選理論（Optimality Theory）。基於制約排序，台灣華語和中國華語之間最顯著的差異在於忠實性制約的排序。中國華語傾向於保留所有音段和音段特徵，因此忠實性制約的排序相對較高。與中國華語相比，台灣華語更注重音節的改適。因此，當源語言具有韻尾時，為了保持音節數的一致性，傾向將韻尾刪除。台灣華語更注重音節的傾向也反映在輔音串的改適上。此外，兩岸華語對於捲舌音的改編也各有偏好。台灣華語經常將其改適成捲舌音段，而中國華語則是選擇非捲舌的音段，這也是唯一一個音段特徵在台灣華語中忠實性制約排序較高，而在中國華語中排名較低的現象。整體來說，根據制約的排序，中國華語在借詞改適上相較於台灣華語更忠實於源語言。
This thesis investigates the phonological adaptation differences of loanwords between Taiwan and Chinese Mandarin. The focus is on the adaptation of borrowed consonants. 448 words were collected. Based on the statistical analysis, there are five differences in terms of consonant adaptation between Taiwan Mandarin and Chinese Mandarin.In this thesis, Optimality Theory (OT) serves as the major framework. Based on the constraint ranking, the most significant difference between Taiwan Mandarin and Chinese Mandarin is in the ranking of faithfulness constraints. Chinese Mandarin tends to retain all segments and segmental features, and thus the ranking of faithfulness constraints is relatively high.Compared with Chinese Mandarin, Taiwan Mandarin pays more attention to the adaptation of syllables. Therefore, when source language has coda, the coda segment will be deleted in order to maintain the consistency of the number of syllables. The tendency to more concentrate on syllables is also reflected in the adaptation of consonant clusters. In addition, the two countries both have their own preferences for the adaptation of retroflex. Taiwan Mandarin often adapts it to the retroflex segment, while Chinese Mandarin opts for the non-retroflex segment. This is also the only phenomenon in which the faithfulness constraint on feature that ranks higher in Taiwan Mandarin, while lower in Chinese Mandarin.On the whole, in terms of the constraint ranking, Chinese Mandarin is more faithful to the source language than Taiwan Mandarin in loanword adaptation.參考文獻 English References:China Committee on Geographical Names. (1983). Wài Guó Dì Míng Yì Míng Shǒu Cè [Handbook of Translation of Foreign Geographical Names]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.Chang, Zhuting. (2020). Tonal adaptation of loanwords in Mandarin: Phonology and beyond. PhD Dissertation. The City University of New York.Duanmu, San. (2007). The phonology of standard Chinese, 2nd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Duanmu, San. (2014). Syllable Structure and Stress, The handbook of Chinese linguistics, 422-442.Hsieh, Feng-fan, Michael Kenstowicz, and Xiaomin Mou. (2009). Mandarin adaptations of coda nasals in English loanwords. In Andrea Calabrese and W.Hsieh, Feng-fan. (2017). Loanword Phonology. In Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics Vol. 2, ed. by Rint Sybesma (Editor-in-Chief), Leiden: Brill, pp. 624-629.Hsiao, Yuchau E. (2023). Chinese phonology. Rouledge Research Encyclopedia of Chinese Studies. Taylor & Francis/ Routledge.Lacharité, Darlene and Carole Paradis. (2005). Category preservation and proximity versus phonetic approximation in loanword adaptation. Linguistic Inquiry 36: 223-258.Ladefoged, P., & Johnson, K. (2014). A course in phonetics. Cengage learning.Lin, Y. -H. (2007). The Sounds of Chinese with Audio CD (Vol. 1). Cambridge University Press.Lin, Y. H. (2009). Loanword adaptation and phonological theory. In Proceedings of the 21 North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-21) (Vol. 1, pp. 1-12).Lin, Y. -H., & Huang, H. H. (2013, May). Nasal adaptations in standard Mandarin loanwords. The 4th Theoretical Phonology Conference. Symposium conducted at the meeting of National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.McCarthy, J. J., & Prince, A. (1993). Prosodic morphology: Constraint interaction and satisfaction. Linguistics Department Faculty Publication Series. 14.McCarthy, J. J. (2008). Doing Optimality Theory : Applying theory to data. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.Miao, R. Q. (2005). Loanword adaptation in Mandarin Chinese: Perceptual, phonological and sociolinguistic factors (Doctoral dissertation, Stony Brook University) Retrieved from https://linguistics.stonybrook.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/Miao_2005.pdfOh, Mira. (2003). English fricatives in loanword adaptation. In Gregory Iverson and Sang-Cheol Ahn (eds.), Explorations in Korean language and linguistics, 471-487. Hankook Publishing Co.Prince, A., & Smolensky, P. (1993/2004). Optimality theory: Constraint interaction in generative grammar. Malden, MA & Oxford, UK: Blackwell.Paradis, Carole and Darlene LaCharité. (1997). Preservation and minimality in loanword adaptation. Journal of Linguistics 33(2): 379-430.Paradis, Carole and Darlene LaCharité. (2002). Addressing and disconfirming some predictions of phonetic approximation for loanword adaptation. Langues et Linguistique 28: 71-91.Peperkamp, Sharon and Emmanuel Dupoux. (2003). Reinterpreting loanword adaptations: the role of perception. Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 367-370.Peperkamp, Sharon, Vendelin Inga, and Nakamura Kimihiro. (2008). On the perceptual origin of loanword adaptations: experimental evidence from Japanese. Phonology 25: 129-164.Tsujimura, Natsuko. (2007). An Introduction to Japanese Linguistics. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell publishing.Yang, H., & Oh, M. (2020). Loanword adaptation of English coronal fricatives into Mandarin Chinese. Linguistic Research, 37(1), 71-93.Chinese References:吳瑾瑋 (2008)。從聽辨認知分析現代漢語音譯借詞。師大學報，54，1。謝豐帆 (2014)。借詞音系學與漢語借詞研究。當代語言學，16(3)，358-371。 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
108555005資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108555005 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 蕭宇超 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Hsiao, Yuchau E. en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 丁聖子 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Ding, Sheng-Zih en_US dc.creator (作者) 丁聖子 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Ding, Sheng-Zih en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Aug-2023 14:07:47 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Aug-2023 14:07:47 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Aug-2023 14:07:47 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0108555005 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146585 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 108555005 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文探討台灣華語和中國華語在英語借詞上的音韻差異，且著重於輔音的改適不同，就音譯結果不同收集了448個單詞。根據統計分析，台灣華語與中國華語在輔音改適方面存在五個差異。本篇論文所使用的理論框架為優選理論（Optimality Theory）。基於制約排序，台灣華語和中國華語之間最顯著的差異在於忠實性制約的排序。中國華語傾向於保留所有音段和音段特徵，因此忠實性制約的排序相對較高。與中國華語相比，台灣華語更注重音節的改適。因此，當源語言具有韻尾時，為了保持音節數的一致性，傾向將韻尾刪除。台灣華語更注重音節的傾向也反映在輔音串的改適上。此外，兩岸華語對於捲舌音的改編也各有偏好。台灣華語經常將其改適成捲舌音段，而中國華語則是選擇非捲舌的音段，這也是唯一一個音段特徵在台灣華語中忠實性制約排序較高，而在中國華語中排名較低的現象。整體來說，根據制約的排序，中國華語在借詞改適上相較於台灣華語更忠實於源語言。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis investigates the phonological adaptation differences of loanwords between Taiwan and Chinese Mandarin. The focus is on the adaptation of borrowed consonants. 448 words were collected. Based on the statistical analysis, there are five differences in terms of consonant adaptation between Taiwan Mandarin and Chinese Mandarin.In this thesis, Optimality Theory (OT) serves as the major framework. Based on the constraint ranking, the most significant difference between Taiwan Mandarin and Chinese Mandarin is in the ranking of faithfulness constraints. Chinese Mandarin tends to retain all segments and segmental features, and thus the ranking of faithfulness constraints is relatively high.Compared with Chinese Mandarin, Taiwan Mandarin pays more attention to the adaptation of syllables. Therefore, when source language has coda, the coda segment will be deleted in order to maintain the consistency of the number of syllables. The tendency to more concentrate on syllables is also reflected in the adaptation of consonant clusters. In addition, the two countries both have their own preferences for the adaptation of retroflex. Taiwan Mandarin often adapts it to the retroflex segment, while Chinese Mandarin opts for the non-retroflex segment. This is also the only phenomenon in which the faithfulness constraint on feature that ranks higher in Taiwan Mandarin, while lower in Chinese Mandarin.On the whole, in terms of the constraint ranking, Chinese Mandarin is more faithful to the source language than Taiwan Mandarin in loanword adaptation. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Chinese Abstract iEnglish Abstract iiChapter 1 Introduction 11.1 Research Issue 11.2 The Consonant Inventory of English 21.3 The consonant Inventory of Mandarin 3Chapter 2 Literature Review 52.1 Optimality Theory (OT) 52.2 Loanword Phonology 62.3 Previous Studies on Loanwords in Mandarin 7Chapter 3 Data Collection and Description 103.1 Data Collection 103.2 Data Description 113.2.1 Stop Aspiration Contrast 113.2.2 Consonant Deletion in Taiwan Mandarin 203.2.3 Segment Gemination 303.2.4 Retroflex Contrast 343.2.5 Consonant Clusters [tʰr] and [dr] Adaptation 393.3 Summary 42Chapter 4 Optimality-theoretic Analysis 444.1 Constraint Ranking for Stop Aspiration Contrast 444.2 Constraint Ranking for Consonant Deletion in TaiwanMandarin 464.3 Constraint Ranking for Segment Gemination 504.3.1 Nasal Gemination in Chinese Mandarin 514.3.2 Nasal Gemination in Taiwan Mandarin 534.3.3 Vocalic Gemination in Chinese Mandarin 554.4 Constraint Ranking for Retroflex Contrast 574.5 Constraint Ranking for Consonant Clusters [tʰr] and [dr]Adaptation 604.6 Summary 62Chapter 5 Conclusion 645.1 Thesis Summary 645.2 Further Issues 66References 68 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2110102 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108555005 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 英語音譯 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 兩岸華語 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 借字改適 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 優選理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) English transliteration en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan Mandarin en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinese Mandarin en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Loanword adaptation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Optimality Theory en_US dc.title (題名) 以優選理論分析台灣華語與中國華語的英語音譯 zh_TW dc.title (題名) An Optimality-theoretic Analysis of English Transliteration in Taiwan Mandarin and Chinese Mandarin en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) English References:China Committee on Geographical Names. (1983). Wài Guó Dì Míng Yì Míng Shǒu Cè [Handbook of Translation of Foreign Geographical Names]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.Chang, Zhuting. (2020). Tonal adaptation of loanwords in Mandarin: Phonology and beyond. PhD Dissertation. The City University of New York.Duanmu, San. (2007). The phonology of standard Chinese, 2nd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Duanmu, San. (2014). Syllable Structure and Stress, The handbook of Chinese linguistics, 422-442.Hsieh, Feng-fan, Michael Kenstowicz, and Xiaomin Mou. (2009). Mandarin adaptations of coda nasals in English loanwords. In Andrea Calabrese and W.Hsieh, Feng-fan. (2017). Loanword Phonology. In Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics Vol. 2, ed. by Rint Sybesma (Editor-in-Chief), Leiden: Brill, pp. 624-629.Hsiao, Yuchau E. (2023). Chinese phonology. Rouledge Research Encyclopedia of Chinese Studies. Taylor & Francis/ Routledge.Lacharité, Darlene and Carole Paradis. (2005). Category preservation and proximity versus phonetic approximation in loanword adaptation. Linguistic Inquiry 36: 223-258.Ladefoged, P., & Johnson, K. (2014). A course in phonetics. Cengage learning.Lin, Y. -H. (2007). The Sounds of Chinese with Audio CD (Vol. 1). Cambridge University Press.Lin, Y. H. (2009). Loanword adaptation and phonological theory. In Proceedings of the 21 North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-21) (Vol. 1, pp. 1-12).Lin, Y. -H., & Huang, H. H. (2013, May). Nasal adaptations in standard Mandarin loanwords. The 4th Theoretical Phonology Conference. Symposium conducted at the meeting of National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.McCarthy, J. J., & Prince, A. (1993). Prosodic morphology: Constraint interaction and satisfaction. Linguistics Department Faculty Publication Series. 14.McCarthy, J. J. (2008). Doing Optimality Theory : Applying theory to data. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.Miao, R. Q. (2005). Loanword adaptation in Mandarin Chinese: Perceptual, phonological and sociolinguistic factors (Doctoral dissertation, Stony Brook University) Retrieved from https://linguistics.stonybrook.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/Miao_2005.pdfOh, Mira. (2003). English fricatives in loanword adaptation. In Gregory Iverson and Sang-Cheol Ahn (eds.), Explorations in Korean language and linguistics, 471-487. Hankook Publishing Co.Prince, A., & Smolensky, P. (1993/2004). Optimality theory: Constraint interaction in generative grammar. Malden, MA & Oxford, UK: Blackwell.Paradis, Carole and Darlene LaCharité. (1997). Preservation and minimality in loanword adaptation. Journal of Linguistics 33(2): 379-430.Paradis, Carole and Darlene LaCharité. (2002). Addressing and disconfirming some predictions of phonetic approximation for loanword adaptation. Langues et Linguistique 28: 71-91.Peperkamp, Sharon and Emmanuel Dupoux. (2003). Reinterpreting loanword adaptations: the role of perception. Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 367-370.Peperkamp, Sharon, Vendelin Inga, and Nakamura Kimihiro. (2008). On the perceptual origin of loanword adaptations: experimental evidence from Japanese. Phonology 25: 129-164.Tsujimura, Natsuko. (2007). An Introduction to Japanese Linguistics. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell publishing.Yang, H., & Oh, M. (2020). Loanword adaptation of English coronal fricatives into Mandarin Chinese. Linguistic Research, 37(1), 71-93.Chinese References:吳瑾瑋 (2008)。從聽辨認知分析現代漢語音譯借詞。師大學報，54，1。謝豐帆 (2014)。借詞音系學與漢語借詞研究。當代語言學，16(3)，358-371。 zh_TW
