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題名 台灣同志公民權，身份與歸屬感
Tongzhi Citizenship, Identity, and Belonging in Taiwan作者 包朱莉
Paulson, Juliet貢獻者 Simandjuntak, Deasy
包朱莉
Paulson, Juliet關鍵詞 公民權
同志權利
台灣
公民社會
國族認同
citizenship
LGBTQ rights
Taiwan
civil society
national identity日期 2024 上傳時間 5-Aug-2024 13:00:13 (UTC+8) 摘要 台灣因2019年同性婚姻通過等近期同志友善政策而成為了全球同志權利促進的焦點。與此同時，當地同志社群仍在實質平等方面遇到挑戰。本文基於與台灣民間團體十三名志工及員工的採訪，以公民權及公民身份的角度去了解台灣同志議題倡導的現狀。雖然公民權通常被理解為國家主管機關所賦予的法律地位以及相關權利，但關於此概念更仔細的分析揭示了公民本身會主動地挑戰公民權的局限性。在台灣，多元性別及性取向方面的不平等公民權與民族自覺戰鬥相結合，而影響到同志議題倡導與國族認同相互構成的關係。在此背景下，同志運動參與者將同志與台灣身分視為相互連結的，因而提出旨在建立更具包容性的國家未來的「同志公民權」主張。
Recent developments such as the legalization of same-sex marriage in 2019 have cast Taiwan into the global spotlight for LGBTQ rights promotion even as challenges to substantive equality persist for local queer communities. Based on interviews with 13 volunteers and employees of Taiwanese civil society organizations, this thesis applies citizenship as a crucial lens through which to understand the current conditions for LGBTQ advocacy in Taiwan. Though citizenship is commonly understood in terms of legal status and associated rights bestowed by the state, closer analysis reveals the role of citizens themselves in defining and challenging the limits of this term. In the case of Taiwan, differentiated citizenship along the axes of gender and sexuality combines with broader struggles over national autonomy to produce a mutually constitutive relationship between LGBTQ advocacy and national belonging. 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Reports and Surveys Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association [臺灣同志諮詢熱線協會]. 2020. 《台灣同志學生校園經驗調查報告》[2020 School Climate Survey on LGBTQ+ Students in Taiwan]. Taipei: Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association. https://hotline.org.tw/news/3166 ———. 2023. 《2023年台灣同志職場處境調查結果》[2023 Taiwan Workplace Equality Survey Results]. Taipei: Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association. https://hotline.org.tw/sites/hotline.org.tw/files/2023年台灣同志職場處境調查整理.pdf Web Resources Awakening Foundation [婦女新知基金會]. 1990. “兩性平等教育手冊 [Gender Equality Education Handbook].” Accessed June 6, 2024. https://www.record.awakening.org.tw/resources/ebooks/1988b01.pdf Central Election Commission [中央選舉委員會]. 2018. “107年全國性公民投票結果 [2018 National Referendum Results].” Accessed June 20, 2023. https://web.cec.gov.tw/referendum/cms/p_result/29618. Chen, I-Ru. 2021. “Support the Rainbow in Indigenous Communities with Movements | Taiwan Indigenous LGBTQ Alliance.” Translated by Ker Nai-Yu. Indigenous Sight, June 24, 2021. Accessed June 14, 2024. https://insight.ipcf.org.tw/en-US/article/434 Chen, Yo-Ling. 2024. “When Will ARA Amendment Discussions Account for Transgender Reproductive Rights?” New Bloom, February 29, 2024. Accessed May 16, 2024. https://newbloommag.net/2024/02/29/ara-amendment-discussion/ Chien, Chih-Chieh [簡至潔]. 2012. “多元成家 [Diverse Family Formation].” TAPCPR. September 27, 2012. Accessed February 16, 2024.https://tapcpr.org/main-topics/freedom-to-marry Kuan, Chung-wei. 2023. “人工生殖法擬開放單身女、同性及代理孕母 最快明年底送政院 [The artificial reproduction law is planned to open up to single women, same-sex and surrogate mothers, and could be submitted to the Executive Yuan as early as the end of next year].” Central News Archives, November 8, 2023. Accessed June 8, 2024. https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ahel/202311080082.aspx Lu, Jennifer [呂欣潔]. 2014. “【發言稿】為什麼同志應該要關心黑箱服貿？＠反黑箱服貿 濟南路現場 [Speech transcript: Why should tongzhi care about the black box CSSTA? @Anti- black box CSSTA, Jinnan Road Stage.” Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association, March 19, 2014. Accessed June 18, 2024. https://hotline.org.tw/news/397 Taiwan Alliance to Promote Civil Partnership Rights [台灣伴侶權益推動聯盟]. 2023. “人工生 殖法應儘速開放女同志配偶並鬆綁結婚要件，代孕制度則應朝開放方向討論 [The Assisted Reproductive Technology Law should open up to lesbian couples and remove marriage criteria as soon as possible, but a surrogacy system must be openly discussed].” December 13, 2023. Accessed May 10, 2024. https://tapcpr.org/hot-news/press-release/2023/12/13/%E4%BC%B4%E7%9B %9F%E8%81%B2%E6%98%8E-%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%94%9F %E6%AE%96%E6%B3%95 Taiwan Equality Campaign [彩虹平權大平臺]. 2021. “女同志現身日：數據顯示平權尚未落 實！[Lesbian Visibility Day: Data shows that equal rights have yet to be fulfilled].” April 26, 2021. Accessed June 5, 2024. https://equallove.tw/news/1766 Taiwan Gender Equity Education Association [台灣性別平等教育協會]. 2004. “性別教育新里程 — 性別平等教育法三讀通過 [A new milestone in gender education— the Gender Equity Education Act passed third reading].” June 4, 2004. Accessed June 7, 2024. https://tgeea.org.tw/advocacy/950/ ———. 2016. “這個世界上，不是只有男與女，而是人與人—你要看到的是人與人 [In this world, there aren’t just men and women, but people and people—what you see is people and people].” November 30, 2016. Accessed June 7, 2023. https://tgeea.org.tw/gender/lgbt/4454/ ———. 2019. “748施行法後，性平教育跟上了嗎？ —《性別平等教育法》15週年記者會 [After the Act for Implementation of J.Y. Interpretation No. 748, has gender equity education kept up? Press conference for the 15th anniversary of the Gender Equity Education Act].” June 23, 2019. Accessed June 19, 2023. https://tgeea.org.tw/advocacy/speech/10500/ Taiwan LGBT Family Rights Advocacy [台灣同志家庭權益促進會]. 2021. “【2020匍匐前進同志人權繼續努力】記者會 同家會發言稿 [Crawling forward in 2020, continuing to work hard for tongzhi human rights: Taiwan LGBT Family Rights Advocacy press conference speech transcript].” January 6, 2021. Accessed June 8, 2024. https://lgbtfamily.org.tw/20201222_Pressconference/blogDetail-2F-108 Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association [臺灣同志諮詢熱線協會]. 2019. “大雨過後看見彩虹─同志諮詢熱線對今日立院三讀通過〈司法院釋字第748號解釋施行法〉之聲明 [After the rain, a rainbow─Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association’s statement on the legislature’s passage of Act for Implementation of J.Y. Interpretation No. 748 today].” May 17, 2019. Accessed June 18, 2023. https://hotline.org.tw/news/2895 ———. 2023. “【事後新聞稿】2023 第五屆台灣跨性別遊行五千人同行，走一段跨性別的路 [(Post-Event Press Release) The 5th Taiwan Trans March in 2023: 5,000 People Walked a Transgender Journey Together.” November 3, 2023. 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國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
111926018資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111926018 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor Simandjuntak, Deasy en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 包朱莉 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Paulson, Juliet en_US dc.creator (作者) 包朱莉 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Paulson, Juliet en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-Aug-2024 13:00:13 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-Aug-2024 13:00:13 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Aug-2024 13:00:13 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111926018 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152627 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111926018 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 台灣因2019年同性婚姻通過等近期同志友善政策而成為了全球同志權利促進的焦點。與此同時，當地同志社群仍在實質平等方面遇到挑戰。本文基於與台灣民間團體十三名志工及員工的採訪，以公民權及公民身份的角度去了解台灣同志議題倡導的現狀。雖然公民權通常被理解為國家主管機關所賦予的法律地位以及相關權利，但關於此概念更仔細的分析揭示了公民本身會主動地挑戰公民權的局限性。在台灣，多元性別及性取向方面的不平等公民權與民族自覺戰鬥相結合，而影響到同志議題倡導與國族認同相互構成的關係。在此背景下，同志運動參與者將同志與台灣身分視為相互連結的，因而提出旨在建立更具包容性的國家未來的「同志公民權」主張。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Recent developments such as the legalization of same-sex marriage in 2019 have cast Taiwan into the global spotlight for LGBTQ rights promotion even as challenges to substantive equality persist for local queer communities. Based on interviews with 13 volunteers and employees of Taiwanese civil society organizations, this thesis applies citizenship as a crucial lens through which to understand the current conditions for LGBTQ advocacy in Taiwan. Though citizenship is commonly understood in terms of legal status and associated rights bestowed by the state, closer analysis reveals the role of citizens themselves in defining and challenging the limits of this term. In the case of Taiwan, differentiated citizenship along the axes of gender and sexuality combines with broader struggles over national autonomy to produce a mutually constitutive relationship between LGBTQ advocacy and national belonging. In this context, activists view queer and Taiwanese identities as embedded in one another, an intersection this study theorizes as tongzhi citizenship, which structures claims to greater equality and efforts to build a more inclusive national future. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1: Introduction 7 1.1 Research Questions and Motivation 9 1.2 Pairing LGBTQ Advocacy and Citizenship Discourses 11 1.2.1 Why Citizenship? 11 1.2.2 Citizenship, Coloniality, and Queer Politics in Taiwan 15 1.3 Methodology 18 1.4 Limitations 21 1.5 Organization of the Study 23 Chapter 2: Citizenship as a Co-Production 25 2.1 Citizenship as a Co-Production 26 2.1.1 Citizenship, Identity, and Belonging 26 2.1.2 (Multi)Cultural and Activist Citizenship 27 2.2 Locating the Citizen in Queer Theory 30 2.2.1 Homonormativity, Homonationalism, Homo Sacer 30 2.2.2 Sexual Citizenship 32 2.3 Differentiated Citizenship for Taiwan’s Queer Communities 35 Chapter 3: Taiwanese Identity and the Tongzhi Movement 37 3.1 Origins of LGBTQ Advocacy in Taiwan 38 3.2 Growth of Tongzhi Political Consciousness 40 3.2.1 Inclusive Education 41 3.2.2 Marriage Equality and Diverse Family Formation 43 3.2.3 Assisted Reproductive Technology and Surrogacy 47 3.3 Citizenship and Queer Futures 50 Chapter 4: Citizenship Through the Lens of Civil Society 55 4.1 Participant Demographics and Advocacy Background 57 4.2 Rights, Inclusion, and Identity from the Standpoint of Civil Society 59 4.2.1 Claiming Legal Equality 59 4.2.2 The Limits of Legal Inclusion 60 4.2.3 Citizenship, Civil Society, and National Identity 62 4.3 Sources of Variation 64 4.3.1 Location 65 4.3.2 Trans and Non-Binary Advocacy 67 4.3.3 Intersectionality 69 4.4 Postscript: Queerness, Sovereignty, and Indigeneity 70 Chapter 5: Conclusion: Towards a Theory of Tongzhi Citizenship 72 5.1 Theorizing Tongzhi Citizenship 73 5.1.1 Building the Theory 73 5.1.2 The Limits of Inclusivity 74 5.1.3 Queer Taiwan? 76 5.2 Future Implications 78 References 79 Appendix 91 zh_TW dc.format.extent 901167 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111926018 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公民權 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 同志權利 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公民社會 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國族認同 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) citizenship en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) LGBTQ rights en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) civil society en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) national identity en_US dc.title (題名) 台灣同志公民權，身份與歸屬感 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Tongzhi Citizenship, Identity, and Belonging in Taiwan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Books Agamben, Giorgio. 1998. 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Wang, Ya-Ching, Shiow-Ru Chang, and Nae-Fang Miao. 2022. “Suicide Attempts Among Taiwanese Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adults During the 2018 Taiwan Referendum on Same‐sex Issues.” Journal of Nursing Scholarship 54 (3): 388–395. Zhou, Min and Tianyang Hu. 2020. “Social Tolerance of Homosexuality: A Quantitative Comparison of Mainland China, Singapore, and Taiwan.” Chinese Sociological Review, 52 (1): 27-55. Lectures and Interviews Lu, Jennifer. 2018. Interview by Brian Hioe. January 11, 2018. The Daybreak Project. Accessed June 4, 2024. https://daybreak.newbloommag.net/2018/01/11/interview-jennifer-lu/ Teyra, Ciwang. 2018. Interview by Brian Hioe. February 7, 2018. The Daybreak Project. Accessed June 14, 2024. https://daybreak.newbloommag.net/2018/02/07/interview-ciwang-teyra/ Yu, Mei-nu [尤美女]. 2023. “在成爲《亞洲第一》前 [Before Becoming ‘Asia’s First’].” (lecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, December 6, 2023). Reports and Surveys Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association [臺灣同志諮詢熱線協會]. 2020. 《台灣同志學生校園經驗調查報告》[2020 School Climate Survey on LGBTQ+ Students in Taiwan]. Taipei: Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association. https://hotline.org.tw/news/3166 ———. 2023. 《2023年台灣同志職場處境調查結果》[2023 Taiwan Workplace Equality Survey Results]. Taipei: Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association. https://hotline.org.tw/sites/hotline.org.tw/files/2023年台灣同志職場處境調查整理.pdf Web Resources Awakening Foundation [婦女新知基金會]. 1990. “兩性平等教育手冊 [Gender Equality Education Handbook].” Accessed June 6, 2024. https://www.record.awakening.org.tw/resources/ebooks/1988b01.pdf Central Election Commission [中央選舉委員會]. 2018. “107年全國性公民投票結果 [2018 National Referendum Results].” Accessed June 20, 2023. https://web.cec.gov.tw/referendum/cms/p_result/29618. Chen, I-Ru. 2021. “Support the Rainbow in Indigenous Communities with Movements | Taiwan Indigenous LGBTQ Alliance.” Translated by Ker Nai-Yu. Indigenous Sight, June 24, 2021. Accessed June 14, 2024. https://insight.ipcf.org.tw/en-US/article/434 Chen, Yo-Ling. 2024. “When Will ARA Amendment Discussions Account for Transgender Reproductive Rights?” New Bloom, February 29, 2024. Accessed May 16, 2024. https://newbloommag.net/2024/02/29/ara-amendment-discussion/ Chien, Chih-Chieh [簡至潔]. 2012. “多元成家 [Diverse Family Formation].” TAPCPR. September 27, 2012. Accessed February 16, 2024.https://tapcpr.org/main-topics/freedom-to-marry Kuan, Chung-wei. 2023. “人工生殖法擬開放單身女、同性及代理孕母 最快明年底送政院 [The artificial reproduction law is planned to open up to single women, same-sex and surrogate mothers, and could be submitted to the Executive Yuan as early as the end of next year].” Central News Archives, November 8, 2023. Accessed June 8, 2024. https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ahel/202311080082.aspx Lu, Jennifer [呂欣潔]. 2014. “【發言稿】為什麼同志應該要關心黑箱服貿？＠反黑箱服貿 濟南路現場 [Speech transcript: Why should tongzhi care about the black box CSSTA? @Anti- black box CSSTA, Jinnan Road Stage.” Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association, March 19, 2014. Accessed June 18, 2024. https://hotline.org.tw/news/397 Taiwan Alliance to Promote Civil Partnership Rights [台灣伴侶權益推動聯盟]. 2023. “人工生 殖法應儘速開放女同志配偶並鬆綁結婚要件，代孕制度則應朝開放方向討論 [The Assisted Reproductive Technology Law should open up to lesbian couples and remove marriage criteria as soon as possible, but a surrogacy system must be openly discussed].” December 13, 2023. Accessed May 10, 2024. https://tapcpr.org/hot-news/press-release/2023/12/13/%E4%BC%B4%E7%9B %9F%E8%81%B2%E6%98%8E-%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%94%9F %E6%AE%96%E6%B3%95 Taiwan Equality Campaign [彩虹平權大平臺]. 2021. “女同志現身日：數據顯示平權尚未落 實！[Lesbian Visibility Day: Data shows that equal rights have yet to be fulfilled].” April 26, 2021. Accessed June 5, 2024. https://equallove.tw/news/1766 Taiwan Gender Equity Education Association [台灣性別平等教育協會]. 2004. “性別教育新里程 — 性別平等教育法三讀通過 [A new milestone in gender education— the Gender Equity Education Act passed third reading].” June 4, 2004. Accessed June 7, 2024. https://tgeea.org.tw/advocacy/950/ ———. 2016. “這個世界上，不是只有男與女，而是人與人—你要看到的是人與人 [In this world, there aren’t just men and women, but people and people—what you see is people and people].” November 30, 2016. Accessed June 7, 2023. https://tgeea.org.tw/gender/lgbt/4454/ ———. 2019. “748施行法後，性平教育跟上了嗎？ —《性別平等教育法》15週年記者會 [After the Act for Implementation of J.Y. Interpretation No. 748, has gender equity education kept up? Press conference for the 15th anniversary of the Gender Equity Education Act].” June 23, 2019. Accessed June 19, 2023. https://tgeea.org.tw/advocacy/speech/10500/ Taiwan LGBT Family Rights Advocacy [台灣同志家庭權益促進會]. 2021. “【2020匍匐前進同志人權繼續努力】記者會 同家會發言稿 [Crawling forward in 2020, continuing to work hard for tongzhi human rights: Taiwan LGBT Family Rights Advocacy press conference speech transcript].” January 6, 2021. Accessed June 8, 2024. https://lgbtfamily.org.tw/20201222_Pressconference/blogDetail-2F-108 Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association [臺灣同志諮詢熱線協會]. 2019. “大雨過後看見彩虹─同志諮詢熱線對今日立院三讀通過〈司法院釋字第748號解釋施行法〉之聲明 [After the rain, a rainbow─Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association’s statement on the legislature’s passage of Act for Implementation of J.Y. Interpretation No. 748 today].” May 17, 2019. Accessed June 18, 2023. https://hotline.org.tw/news/2895 ———. 2023. “【事後新聞稿】2023 第五屆台灣跨性別遊行五千人同行，走一段跨性別的路 [(Post-Event Press Release) The 5th Taiwan Trans March in 2023: 5,000 People Walked a Transgender Journey Together.” November 3, 2023. Accessed July 15, 2024. https://hotline.org.tw/news/3393 ———. 2024. “先行開放單身女性與女同志配偶使用人工生殖技術代理孕母不應急就章 [First open up assisted reproductive technology to single women and lesbian couples, surrogacy shouldn’t be rushed].” February 21, 2024. Accessed May 9, 2024. https://hotline.org.tw/news/3422 ———. N.d. “教育演講 [Educational talks].” Accessed June 6, 2024. https://hotline.org.tw/services/90 Villarreal, Daniel. 2023. “Taiwan just held the largest Asian Pride event in history.” LGBTQ Nation, November 1, 2023. Accessed June 9, 2023. https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2023/11/taiwan-just-held-the-largest-asian-pride-event-in-history/ Yang, Alan H. and Hsin-huang Michael Hsiao. 2024. “What’s New for the Bluebird Movement? Advancing Asian Democratic Solidarity between Taiwan and Southeast Asia via Digital Technology and Partnership.” Global Taiwan Brief, June 12, 2024. Accessed June 18, 2024. https://globaltaiwan.org/2024/06/whats-new-for-the-bluebird-movement/ zh_TW
