Publications-學位論文
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
Google ScholarTM
NCCU Library
Citation Infomation
Related Publications in TAIR
題名 創新能源，賦能產業：台灣淨零政策如何影響半導體行業向可再生能源過渡的研究
Innovating Energy, Empowering Industry: A Study of How Taiwan’s Renewable Energy Policies Impact the Semiconductor Industry’s Transition to Renewable Energy作者 張修文
Matthews, Evan貢獻者 李栢浡
Lee, Pai-po
張修文
Matthews, Evan關鍵詞 能源轉型
再生能源
半導體
發展型國家
台灣能源政策
Energy transitions
Renewable Energy
Semiconductor
Developmental State
Taiwan Climate and Energy Policy日期 2024 上傳時間 5-Aug-2024 13:01:58 (UTC+8) 摘要 隨著近年來再生能源的成本和可獲性變得更加普及，工業部門的脫碳已成為許多國家政府的首要任務。台灣也不例外，政府已將工業部門視為其2050淨零排放路徑（臺灣2050淨零排放路徑）的關鍵支柱。台灣擁有一些最先進的半導體製造商，如台積電（TSMC）和聯華電子（UMC），這為全球各國政府如何應對這一淨零排放轉型提供了一個獨特的視角。台灣政府和這兩家半導體製造公司都制定了雄心勃勃的短期和長期目標，旨在轉向再生能源。因此，本研究項目探討了政府用於推動半導體產業轉向再生能源的政策和政策工具。同樣地，該項目分析了政府政策和政策工具如何塑造台積電和聯電在採購和實施再生能源方面的策略。通過闡述政府如何推動再生能源轉型並了解政策如何影響半導體產業，我們可以更好地理解公私關係、政策制定過程以及再生能源轉型在台灣情境中的實施。最後，提出進一步的討論和政策建議，以便擴展研究成果並為未來發展提供解決方案。
As the cost and availability of renewable energy has become more accessible in recent years, the decarbonization of the industrial sector has become a top priority for many governments around the world. In Taiwan, this is no exception as the government has identified the industrial sector as a key pillar in its Pathways to Net-Zero Emissions in 2050 (臺灣2050淨零排放路徑).Taiwan, home to some of the most advanced semiconductor manufacturers such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC), offers a unique perspective into how governments around the world are handling this transition to net-zero emissions. Both the government and these two semiconductor manufacturing companies have set out ambitious short- and long-term goals of transitioning to renewable energy. Therefore, this research project examines the policies and policy tools that the government is using to transition the semiconductor industry to renewable energy. Likewise, the project analyzes how government policy and policy tools shape TSMC’s and UMC’s strategy towards procuring and implementing renewable energy. By laying out how the government approaches the renewable energy transition and understanding how policy impacts the semiconductor industry, we can better understand public-private relations, the policymaking process, and renewable energy transitions in the context of Taiwan’s situation. Finally, further discussion and policy recommendations are given as a way to expand upon the findings and offer solutions for future developments.參考文獻 AmCham. (2023, June 7). 2023 Taiwan White Paper: Overview. AmCham Taiwan. https://amcham.com.tw/2023/06/2023-taiwan-white-paper-overview/ Apple Press Release. (2020). Apple commits to be 100 percent carbon neutral for its supply chain and products by 2030—Apple. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/07/apple-commits-to-be-100-percent-carbon-neu tral-for-its-supply-chain-and-products-by-2030/ Araújo, K. (2014). The emerging field of energy transitions: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. Energy Research & Social Science, 1, 112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2014.03.002 Babayomi, O. O., Dahoro, D. A., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Affordable clean energy transition in developing countries: Pathways and technologies. iScience, 25(5), 104178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104178 Background-Offshore Wind Power-TWTPO. (2015). https://www.twtpo.org.tw/eng/offshore/ Been-Ion, C. (2011, June 1). Inside the Taiwan Miracle [Website]. Taiwan Today; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=8&post=13965 Bengtsson, M., Hotta, Y., Hayashi, S., & Akenji, L. (2010). Policy Tools for Sustainable Materials Management: Applications in Asia. Https://Www.Iges.or.Jp/En/Pub/Policy-Tools-Sustainable-Materials-Management/En, SCP-001, 2010, 37. Blinken, A. J. (2023, June 19). Secretary Antony J. Blinken with Leila Fadel of NPR Morning Edition (L. Fadel, Interviewer) [Interview]. https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-with-leila-fadel-of-npr-morning-edition / Bureau of Energy, M. (2022). 111年能源統計手冊 (Energy Statistics Handbook 2022). Bureau of Energy, MOEA, 168. Cai, J. (2023, May 30). A guide to Taiwan green energy market: Current status and analysis. InfoLink-Group. https://www.infolink-group.com/energy-article/current-stays-and-analysis-of-renewable-e nergy-market-in-taiwan Chan, R. (2021a, April 11). Ørsted awards 2021 Green Energy Scholarship, cultivating future talents to support Taiwan’s energy transition. https://orsted.tw/en/news/2021/11/2021-green-scholarship Chan, R. (2021b, November 8). Ørsted, Da-Yeh University select first batch of students to begin Apprenticeship Programme. Ørsted. https://orsted.tw/en/news/2021/08/first-batch-apprentice Chan, R. (2022, February 24). Ørsted and NCUE activate first joint green energy syllabus, bringing offshore wind into school classrooms throughout Changhua.https://orsted.tw/en/news/2022/02/green-syllabus Chang, H., & Kao, E. (2024a, April 22). Environment groups call for speedy establishment of carbon fee system. Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202404220014 Chang, H., & Kao, E. (2024b, April 30). Draft carbon pricing laws to only have limited impact: Experts- Focus Taiwan. Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202404300009 Chang, S., Hwang, H.-S., Lai, H., & Liang, C. (2012). Taiwan’s Energy Conundrum. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, No. 146, 36. Chen, C. C. (2021). The path to a 2025 nuclear-free Taiwan: An analysis of dynamic competition among emissions, energy, and economy. Energy & Environment, 32(4), 668–689. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X20949981 Chen, K. (2023, May 31). Taiwan Energy Carbon Capture. https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/taiwan-energy-carbon-capture Chen, W. (2016, October 21). Cabinet approves Taipower break-up. Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2016/10/21/2003657595 Chien, K. (2020). Pacing for Renewable Energy Development: The Developmental State in Taiwan’s Offshore Wind Power. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 110(3), 793–807. China Petroleum Corporation (CPC). (n.d.). CPC Corporation, Taiwan [Text/html]. CPC Corporation, Taiwan; CPC Corporation, Taiwan. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.cpc.com.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=3024&Create=1 China (Taiwan), M. of F. A., Republic of. (2010, May 1). Renewing the Energy Industry [Website]. Taiwan Today; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=4&post=4478 Chu, Y. (Ed.). (2016). The Asian Developmental State: Reexaminations and New Departures. Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137476128 Chung, H.-S. (2021). Taiwan’s Offshore Wind Energy Policy: From Policy Dilemma to Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 13(18), Article 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810465 Climate Action with Taiwan: Supporting Taiwan. (2023). Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/sa_en/post/3080.html Climate Change Administration. (2022). Mínguó 111 nián pánchá dēnglù xiànkuàng fēnxī (民國111年盤查登錄現況分析)[Analysisonthecurrent situation of inventory registration in the 111th year of the Republic of China]. Climate Change Administration of the Ministry of Environment said “The first carbon fee will be levied in 2025.” (2023, August 24). 中小企業綠色環保資訊網. http://green.sme.gov.tw/detail.php?lang=en&type=1&id=2860 CNA English News. (2023, November 4). R&D spending accounted for almost 4% of Taiwan’s GDPin 2022—Focus Taiwan. Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/sci-tech/202311040010 Department of Information Services, Executive Yuan. (2019, June 13). Offshore wind-power generation [Text/html]. 2.16.886.101.20003; 2.16.886.101.20003. https://english.ey.gov.tw/News3/9E5540D592A5FECD/34ff3d6b-412e-458d-afe9-01737 d2da52d Development of Taiwan Renewable Energy Certification (T-REC) Mechanism ｜T-REC. (2021, June 30). https://www.trec.org.tw/en/hot-news/development-of-taiwan-renewable-energy-certificati on-%28T-REC%29-mechanism Diàn Yèfǎ (電業法) [The Electricity Act] (1947). Promulgated on December 10, 1947 2. Amended on May 08, 1948 3. Amended on May 21, 1965 4. Amended on April 24, 2002 5. Amended on June 12, 2002 6. Amended on Jan 19, 2005 7. Amended on March 21, 2007 8. Amended on Jan 26, 2011 9. Amended on August 8, 2012 10. Amended on January 29, 2014 11. Amended on January 26, 2017 12. Amended on May 22, 2019 13.The Electricity Act Article 71-1、71-2 are added and promulgated by Presidential Order Hua-Tsung on June 28, 2023 per Order ref. Hwa-Tzong-1- Yi-Tze-No. 11200053971. DNV Business Assurance (DNV). (2023). Impartiality Verification Opinion. DNV Business Assurance. Energy Administration, M. of E. A. (2023, October 19). Five developers submitted administrative contract documetns for Round 1 of Zonal Development Starting a new chapter in offshore wind power [Text]. Energy Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C.; Energy Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. https://www.moeaea.gov.tw/ECW/english/news/News.aspx?kind=6&menu_id=958&new s_id=32569 Energy Administration, M. of E. A. (2024, April 9). 2024 Taiwan International Geothermal Conference, Fostering Global Connections for a Sustainable Future [Text]. Energy Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C.; Energy Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. https://www.moeaea.gov.tw/ECW/english/news/News.aspx?kind=6&menu_id=958&new s_id=33739 European Commission. (2019). Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (p. 262). European Commission. Executive Yuan. (2018). 5+2 Innovative Industries Plan: Upgrading and transforming industry [Text/html]. 2.16.886.101.20003. https://english.ey.gov.tw/iip/B0C195AE54832FAD Executive Yuan, National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD). (n.d.). Xíngzhèng yuàn guójiā yǒng xù fāzhǎn wěiyuánhuì (行政院國家永續發展委員會)[National Council for Sustainable Development] ||. 行政院國家永續發展委員會. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://ncsd.ndc.gov.tw/Fore/en/Taiwansdg Financial Supervisory Commission. (2022). Green Finance Action Plan 3.0. Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC). Fuller, D. A. (1999). Sustainable Marketing: Managerial- Ecological Issues. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://link.springer.com/collections/gjgafbdgdi Gao, A. M.-Z., Fan, C.-T., & Chen, J.-S. (2020). A critical review of the World’s first renewable portfolio standard (RPS) for large electricity users in Taiwan: The return of the RPS? Energy Strategy Reviews, 32, 100585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2020.100585 Gordon, O. (2023, August 30). The top ten critical minerals powerhouses of the energy transition. Energy Monitor. https://www.energymonitor.ai/sectors/extractive-industries/the-top-ten-critical-minerals-p owerhouses-of-the-energy-transition/ Gov’t will not rule out nuclear power if safety is guaranteed: DPP’s Lai- Focus Taiwan. (2023, October 19). Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202310190018 Gray, K. (2011). Taiwan and the geopolitics of late development. The Pacific Review, 24, 577–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2011.634077 Greene, J. M. (2008). The Origins of the Developmental State in Taiwan: Science Policy and the Quest for Modernization. Harvard University Press. Greenpeace East Asia. (2023, April 20). Semiconductor industry electricity consumption to more than double by 2030: Study. Greenpeace East Asia. https://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/press/7930/semiconductor-industry-electricity-consu mption-to-more-than-double-by-2030-study/ Greenpeace Press Release. (2023, October 2). Giant "Net-Zero Snail” in Taipei as Survey Reveals Urgency of Renewable Energy Development. Greenpeace East Asia. https://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/press/8205/giant-net-zero-snail-staged-outside-presi dential-office-as-greenpeace-survey-reveals-urgency-for-renewable-energy-development/ Gunningham, N., & Sinclair, D. (2022). OECD Global Forum on International Investment: Conference on Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment: “Voluntary Approaches to Environmental Protection: Lessons from the Mining and Forestry Sectors.” 41. Her, K. (2018, May 1). The Solar City [Website]. Taiwan Today; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=8&post=133284 Hioe, B. (2024, April 4). Electricity Price Hikes Likely to Lead to Political Contestation. New Bloom Magazine. https://newbloommag.net/2024/04/04/price-hikes-policy/ Hsiao, A. (2024, March 14). Decision on carbon fee rates could be delayed: Minister- Focus Taiwan. Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/business/202403140013 Hsu, C. (2022, December 9). Taiwanese companies having difficulty procuring green energy: RE100 report. Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2022/12/09/2003790376 Huang, G. C.-L., & Chen, R.-Y. (2021). Uncovering regime resistance in energy transition: Role of electricity iron triangle in Taiwan. Environmental Policy and Governance, 31(2), 104–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1921 Huánjìng Jiàoyù Fǎ (環境教育法) [Environmental Education Act] (2010). Amended 2017/11/29. IEA. (2023). Energy Technology Perspectives 2023– Analysis. IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-technology-perspectives-2023 IEA. (2024). Russia’s War on Ukraine– Topics. IEA. https://www.iea.org/topics/russias-war-on-ukraine Industrial Development Administration. (2022). Promoting New Industrial Layout and Net-Zero Transformation (p. 20). Industrial Development Administration, MOEA. International Trade Administration (ITA). (2021, May 3). Taiwan Renewable Energy Market. https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/taiwan-renewable-energy-market Interview with Participant A (E. Matthews, Interviewer). (2024, April 22). [Video chat]. Interview with Participant B (E. Matthews, Interviewer). (2024, May 8). [In-person]. Interview with Participant C (E. Matthews, Interviewer). (2024, May 14). [In-person]. Interview with Participant D (E. Matthews, Interviewer). (2024, June 21). [Personal communication]. IRENA. (2023, August 29). Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2022. https://www.irena.org/Publications/2023/Aug/Renewable-Power-Generation-Costs-in-20 22 ITRI. (n.d.). Shalun Smart Green Energy Science City: Building Taiwan’s Green Energy Platform- 50 Years of Empowering Industry Through Innovations. Retrieved June 4, 2024, from https://50th.itri.org.tw/en/history/green_energy/48/ John Armstrong, A., & Hamrin, J. (2000). The Renewable Energy Policy Manual (p. 141). United States Export Council for Renewable Energy. Johnson, C. (1982). MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975. Stanford University Press. Kalinowski, T. (2020, June 1). The politics of climate change in a neo-developmental state: The case of South Korea—Thomas Kalinowski, 2021. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0192512120924741 Kim, J., & Castillejos-Petalcorin, C. (2020). The Role of Government Research & Development in Fostering Innovation in Asia. In Asian Development Outlook 2020: What Drives Innovation in Asia? (p. 27). Asian Development Bank (ADB). Kimmins, S., & Saduikyte, G. (2021, November 18). What happens when members achieve (or don’t achieve) 100%? https://www.there100.org/our-work/news/what-happens-when-members-achieve-or-dontachieve-100 Kubitschek, R., Wang, J., & McCatherin, J. (2023, October 6). Round 3.2: Two steps forward, one step back. Euroview. https://euroview.ecct.com.tw/category-inside.php?id=1680 Kuo, C., Lai, Y., & Mazzetta, M. (2024, April 18). Taoyuan power outages blamed on equipment malfunctions. Focus Taiwan- CNA English News.https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202404180012 Lai, C. S., & Mcculloch, M. (2016). Levelized Cost of Energy for PV and Grid Scale Energy Storage Systems. Lee, A. C. (2019). Nuclear Debates and Political Competition in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan: Denuclearization or Nuclear Latency in the Aftermath of Fukushima [Ph.D., University of California, Irvine]. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2284951308/abstract/ED4E7CE4A534A1DPQ/1 Lee, A., & Lo, S. (2020). Meeting demand with supply: Renewable energy market briefing Taiwan (p. 17). RE100 Climate Group, CDP, Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research. Lee, A., & Lo, S. (2022). Taiwan Energy Market Briefing: Net-Zero Plan and Aggregated PPAs (p. 13). Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research, European Chamber of Commerce Taiwan, Climate Group, and RE100. Lee, W.-H., & Yang, W.-T. (2000). The cradle of Taiwan high technology industry development—Hsinchu Science Park (HSP). Technovation, 20(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(99)00085-1 Lí Àn Fēnglì Fādiàn Guīhuà Chǎng Zhǐ Róngliàng Fēnpèi Zuòyè Yàodiǎn Yīng (離岸風力發電規劃場址容量分配作業要點英)[Directions for Allocating the Installed Capacity of Offshore Wind Potential Zones] (2018). https://law.moea.gov.tw/EngLawContent.aspx?lan=E&id=10322 Lin M., Wang J., & McCatherin J. (2023, November 8). The future of hydrogen. Sustainability & CSR. https://euroview.ecct.com.tw/category-inside.php?id=1727 Liu, C., Lai, Y., & Hsiao, A. (2024, January 4). Newly unveiled carbon pricing formula gets mixed industry response. Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/business/202401040017 Liu, J. C.-E., & Chao, C.-W. (2023). Politics of climate change mitigation in Taiwan: International isolation, developmentalism legacy, and civil society responses. WIREs Climate Change, 14(4), e834. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.834 Liu, K. (2024, April 17). How Taiwan’s Stringent Localization Policy is Choking Offshore Wind. CommonWealth Magazine. https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=3672 Maritime Technology Innovation Center (MTIC). (n.d.-a). Hǎiyáng kējì chǎnyè chuàngxīn zhuānqū rén péi zhōngxīn jièshào (海洋科技產業創新專區人培中心介紹)[Introduction to the Talent Training Center of the Marine Science and Technology Industry Innovation Zone]. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.mtic.org.tw/Home/Article/5005e198-954f-4bcf-8ed1-dea2de9b0b81 Maritime Technology Innovation Center (MTIC). (n.d.-b). Maritime Technology Innovation Center (MTIC) MTIC Introduction. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.mtic.org.tw/EN/Home/Article/fae783a2-c64a-45f3-b74e-52f45de40191 Masterson, V. (2022, March 29). Why was the International Energy Agency set up? Because of 1973’s oil crisis | World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/03/iea-1970s-energy-crisis/ Matthews, E. (2024). Questionnaire with TSMC Employee [Letter to Anonymous TSMC Employee]. Matthews, E. (2024, March 27). How the EU’s CBAM Is Impacting Indonesia and Taiwan. Earth.Org. https://earth.org/how-the-eus-cbam-is-impacting-indonesia-and-taiwan/ Menton, J. D., & Reddie, A. W. (2024, June 13). Taiwan Can’t Shake Its Nuclear Ghosts. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/14/taiwan-nuclear-energy-weapons-policy-history/ Miller, C. (2022). Chip War: The Fight for the World’s Most Critical Technology. Scribner. Ministry of Economic Affairs. (2024, January 5). 2023 Nordic-Taiwan Sustainable Energy Forum- the Future Energy, Launching a New Era of Sustainability [Text]. Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C.; Ministry of Economic Affairs,R.O.C. https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/english/news/News.aspx?kind=6&menu_id=176&news_i d=113522 Ministry of Economic Affairs, R. O. C. (2019, October 26). Important Policies [Text]. Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C.; Ministry of Economic Affairs,R.O.C. https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/english/Policy/Policy.aspx?menu_id=32904&policy_id=1 9 Ministry of Economic Affairs, R. O. C. (2023, July 12). The Draft Amendment to Renewable Energy Development Act Passes Third Legislative Reading, Adding Regulations on “Solar Panel Installation on Buildings” and the "Chapter for Geothermal Energy [Text]. Ministry of Economic Affairs,R.O.C.; Ministry of Economic Affairs,R.O.C. https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/english/news/News.aspx?kind=6&menu_id=176&news_ id=110545 Ministry of Education (MOE). (2019a, June 24). Taiwan’s Strategic Ocean Advantage as an Island｜Politics & Society｜2019-06-24｜Sponsored Content. CommonWealth Magazine. https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=2452 Ministry of Education (MOE). (2019b, August 8). An Overview on the Ministry of Education’s Marine Education Policies. An Overview on the Ministry of Education’s Marine Education Policies. https://english.moe.gov.tw/cp-10-14935-EE230-1.html Ministry of Education (MOE). (2023, December 19). Promotion of Marine Education Implementation Project: Enhancing Taiwanese Citizens’ Basic Knowledge and Literacy of the Ocean and Cultivating Quality Talent Needed by the Industries. Promotion of Marine Education Implementation Project: Enhancing Taiwanese Citizens’ Basic Knowledge and Literacy of the Ocean and Cultivating Quality Talent Needed by the Industries. https://english.moe.gov.tw/cp-48-25381-913a6-1.html Ministry of Environment. (n.d.). Ministry of Environment—Air Quality Protection Web. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://air.moenv.gov.tw/airepaEn/EnvTopics/AirQuality_6.aspx Ministry of Environment. (2023a, August 10). Resource Recycling. Ministry of Environment; Ministry of Environment. https://www.moenv.gov.tw/en/2EE77440D4CC6D6 Ministry of Environment. (2023b, September 12). Introduction to MOENV. Ministry of Environment; Ministry of Environment. https://www.moenv.gov.tw/en/22B7A1DE5BA1EB57 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Public Diplomacy Coordination Council. (2018, September 13). Combating Climate Change—Taiwan Can Help. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://en.mofa.gov.tw/https%3a%2f%2fen.mofa.gov.tw%2fNews_Content.aspx%3fn%3 d1575%26s%3d34810%26Create%3d1 Mozur, P., & Liu, J. (2023, August 4). The Chip Titan Whose Life’s Work Is at the Center of a Tech Cold War. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/04/technology/the-chip-titan-whose-lifes-work-is-at-th e-center-of-a-tech-cold-war.html Myslinski, A. (2024, April 25). Striking a Critical Balance with Carbon Fees. Taiwan Business TOPICS. https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2024/04/striking-a-critical-balance-with-carbon-fees/ National Environmental Research Academy. (2023, August 16). Introduction to the NERA-About the NERA｜National Environmental Research Academy. National Environmental Research Academy. https://www.moenv.gov.tw/nera-en/58075E738FD507BA National Renewable Energy Certification Center. (2024). Direct supply and wheeling ｜T-REC. https://www.trec.org.tw/en/transaction_history_direct?search=UMC&year=2024&perPag e=10 National Science and Technology Council. (2023). Indicators of Science and Technology (2023) [dataset]. NDC, N. D. C. (2022). Taiwan’s Pathways to Net-Zero Emissions in 2050 [Website]. 國發會全球資訊網(英文網);NationalDevelopment Council. https://www.ndc.gov.tw/en/Content_List.aspx?n=B154724D802DC488 Nenni, D., & McLellan, P. (2019). Fabless: The Transformation of the Semiconductor Industry (B. Martin & A. Ketchum, Eds.). SemiWiki.com LLC. Norton Rose Fulbright. (2023, July). Global offshore wind: Taiwan. Norton Rose Fulbright. https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/e50b5c34/global-offshore-wind-taiwan Ocean Affairs Council, Department of Planning. (2024). The 2023 Administrative Plan by the Ocean Affairs Council. OECD. (1999). OECD Round Table on Sustainable Development: “Involving International Business: Voluntary Agreements and Competitiveness” (p. 6). OECD. (2015). Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/frascati-manual-2015_9789264239012-en OECD. (2022). Framework for industry’s net-zero transition: Developing financing solutions in emerging and developing economies (OECD Environment Policy Paper No. 32). OECD. Office of the President. (2022, April 22). President Tsai attends environmental sustainability forum. https://english.president.gov.tw/News/6263 Öniş, Z. (1991). The Logic of the Developmental State. Comparative Politics, 24(1), 109–126. https://doi.org/10.2307/422204 Ørsted and TSMC sign the world’s largest renewables corporate power purchase agreement. (2020, August 7). https://orsted.tw/en/news/2020/07/orsted-tsmc-cppa Oung, A. (2023, April 20). Mounting Challenges in the Energy Sector—Taiwan Business TOPICS. AmCham Taiwan. https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2023/04/mounting-challenges-in-the-energy-sector/ Pirie, I. (2018). Korea and Taiwan: The Crisis of Investment-Led Growth and the End of the Developmental State. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 48(1), 133–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2017.1375136 Pistilli, M. (2024, April 24). Rare Earths Reserves: Top 8 Countries (Updated 2024). https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/critical-metals-investing/rare-earth-in vesting/rare-earth-reserves-country/ Power shift. (2024, March 21). [Website]. Taiwan Today; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=36&post=250169 Press Conference on the Release of the 2023 Net Zero Transition Public Opinion Survey. (2023, August 1). https://rsprc.ntu.edu.tw/en/m01-2/energy-transition/1804-2023-net-zero-survey.html Promoting Green Energy Innovation. (2023, November 8). [Text/html]. 2.16.886.101.20003. https://english.ey.gov.tw/News3/9E5540D592A5FECD/16bd3a41-9c6a-485c-9498-b6b2 b8240f6e PwC. (n.d.). Energy, Power & Utilities. PwC. Retrieved June 3, 2024, from https://www.pwc.tw/en/services/deals/energy-utilities-resources.html Qìhòu Biànqiān Yīnyìng Fǎ (氣候變遷因應法) [Climate Change Response Act] (2015). https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=O0020098 Rafi, T. (2022, June 9). Why sustainability is crucial for corporate strategy | World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/06/why-sustainability-is-crucial-for-corporate-str ategy/ Ruì hé (睿禾) [Green Harvest] | About. (n.d.). Green Harvest. Retrieved June 4, 2024, from https://www.greenharvest.com.tw/en/about Singh, G. (2023, February 17). Electricity Power Models of Different countries. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/electricity-power-models-different-countries-dr-ghanshy am-singh/ Smil, V. (2019). What we need to know about the pace of decarbonization. Substantia: An International Journal of the History of Chemistry. Sovacool, B. K. (2016). How long will it take? Conceptualizing the temporal dynamics of energy transitions. Energy Research & Social Science, 13, 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2015.12.020 Staff writer, CNA. (2024, January 25). Greenpeace urges end to renewable energy monopoly. Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2024/01/25/2003812601 Taiwan Power Company (Taipower). (2022). 2021 Taiwan Power Company Sustainability Report (p. 123). Taiwan Power Company (Taipower). (2024, May 22). Renewable Energy Overview—Power Generation Information—Information Disclosure [Text]. Taiwan Power Company; Taiwan Power Company. https://www.taipower.com.tw/en/page.aspx?mid=4495 Taiwan: Rules for Round 3-2 Offshore Wind Zonal Development Capacity Allocation. (n.d.). Insightplus.Bakermckenzie. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://insightplus.bakermckenzie.com/bm/projects/taiwan-rules-for-round-3-2-offshorewind-zonal-development-capacity-allocation Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). (2018). TSMC 2017 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (p. 195) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. TSMC. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). (2019). TSMC 2018 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (p. 205) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. TSMC. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). (2020). TSMC 2019 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); p. 223). TSMC. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). (2021). TSMC 2020 Corporate Social Responsibiltiy Report (p. 230) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. TSMC. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). (2022). TSMC 2021 Sustainability Report (p. 228) [Sustainability Report]. Taiwan Today. (2010, September 13). EPA announces Taiwan’s first carbon offset programs [Website]. Taiwan Today; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=6&post=9732 Taiwan’s carbon trade policies. (2023, August 16). [ECCT]. https://www.ecct.com.tw/taiwans-carbon-trade-policies/ Tóuzī táiwān rùkǒu wǎng (投資臺灣入口網) [Invest Taiwan]. (2023, December 4). https://investtaiwan.nat.gov.tw/showIndInfo?guid=8&lang=eng Tsai, S.-S. H. (2014). Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and the West. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315702544 Tsai, Y.-T., Wang, W., Huang, L., & Tsai, E. (2023). 2022 Taiwan CPPA market report. TSMC. (n.d.). Everything to Know about Dedicated Foundries—Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from http://www.tsmc.com/english/aboutTSMC/dc_infographics_foundry TSMC sales from largest client (Apple) up over 30% in 2022—Focus Taiwan. (2023, March 3). Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/business/202303030016 UMC Corporate Communications. (2012, July 30). UMC Obtains LEED Gold Certification for Fab 12A P3 &P4. https://www.umc.com/en/News/press_release/Content/esg/20120730 United Microelectronics Corporation Company Profile: Stock Performance & Earnings | PitchBook. (n.d.). PitchBook. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/41964-49 United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). (2018). UMC 2017 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (p. 81) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. UMC. United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). (2019). UMC 2018 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (p. 155) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. UMC. United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). (2020). UMC 2019 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (p. 159) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. UMC. United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). (2021). UMC 2020 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (p. 170) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. UMC. United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). (2022). UMC 2021 Sustainability Report (p. 176) [Sustainability Report]. UMC. United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). (2023). UMC 2022 Sustainability Report (p. 201) [Sustainability Report]. UMC. United Nations. (n.d.). Capacity-Building. United Nations; United Nations. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/capacity-building Wang, K., & Cheng, Y. (2012). The Evolution of feed-in tariff policy in Taiwan. Energy Strategy Reviews, 1, 130–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2012.05.002 Wave Energy Conversion System Technology-Green Energy & Environment-Sustainable Environment-Innovations & Applications-Industrial Technology Research Institute. (n.d.).工研院中文版.RetrievedJune 10, 2024, from https://www.itri.org.tw/english/ListStyle.aspx?DisplayStyle=01_content&SiteID=1&Mm mID=1037333532467607737&MGID=620170255713633247 Weiss, L., & Thurbon, E. (2021). Developmental State or Economic Statecraft? Where, Why and Howthe Difference Matters. New Political Economy, 26(3), 472–489. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2020.1766431 Wen, H. T. (2018, April). Taiwan-Netherlands Offshore Wind Industry Networking Meeting: Taiwan Offshore Wind Industry Promotion Policy. Woo-Cumings, M. (Ed.). (2019). The Developmental State. Cornell University Press. World Economic Forum (WEF). (n.d.). China ¦ Clean Power and Electrification ¦ World Economic Forum. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://initiatives.weforum.org/clean-power-and-electrification/china World Economic Forum (WEF). (2023, June 28). Fostering Effective Energy Transition 2023. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/publications/fostering-effective-energy-transition-2023/in-full/ china/ Wu, H. (2023, June 13). A Brief Introduction to Taiwan’s Newly Passed Climate Change Responsive Act. FFTC Agricultural Policy Platform (FFTC-AP). https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/3360 Wu, T.-T. (2021). National Science and Technology Development Plan (2021-2024). Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of China (Taiwan). Wu, Y.-S. (2007). Taiwan’s Developmental State: After the Economic and Political Turmoil. Asian Survey, 47(6), 977–1001. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2007.47.6.977 Xiaojun, K. Z. (2022, September 6). What is the impact of the China—Taiwan conflict on shipping? Risk Intelligence. https://www.riskintelligence.eu/analyst-briefings/east-asia-impact-of-china-and-taiwan-co nflict Yergin, D. (2014, January 8). The Global Impact of US Shale. Project Syndicate. https://www.project-syndicate.org/magazine/daniel-yergin-traces-the-effects-of-america-s-shale-energy-revolution-on-the-balance-of-global-economic-and-political-power Yīdìng Qìyuē Róngliàng Yǐshàng Zhī Diànlì Yònghù Yīng Shèzhì Zàishēng Néngyuán Fādiàn Shèbèi Guǎnlǐ Bànfǎ (一定契約容量以上之電力用戶應設置再生能源發電設備管理辦法)[Regulations for the Management of Setting up Renewable Energy Power Generation Equipment of Power Users above a Certain Contract Capacity] (2020). Zàishēng Néngyuán Fāzhǎn Tiáolì (再生能源發展條例) [Renewable Energy Development Act] (2009). Amended on May 1, 2019 and June 21, 2023. Zàishēng Néngyuán Píngzhèng Shíshī Bànfǎ (再生能源憑證實施辦法) [Implementation Regulations Governing Renewable Energy Certificates] (2017). Promulgated 2017, Amended 2020 https://www.trec.org.tw/en/regulations/en-implementation-regulations-governing-renewa ble-energy-certificates 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
111926054資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111926054 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 李栢浡 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lee, Pai-po en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張修文 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Matthews, Evan en_US dc.creator (作者) 張修文 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Matthews, Evan en_US dc.date (日期) 2024 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-Aug-2024 13:01:58 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-Aug-2024 13:01:58 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Aug-2024 13:01:58 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111926054 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152637 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111926054 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著近年來再生能源的成本和可獲性變得更加普及，工業部門的脫碳已成為許多國家政府的首要任務。台灣也不例外，政府已將工業部門視為其2050淨零排放路徑（臺灣2050淨零排放路徑）的關鍵支柱。台灣擁有一些最先進的半導體製造商，如台積電（TSMC）和聯華電子（UMC），這為全球各國政府如何應對這一淨零排放轉型提供了一個獨特的視角。台灣政府和這兩家半導體製造公司都制定了雄心勃勃的短期和長期目標，旨在轉向再生能源。因此，本研究項目探討了政府用於推動半導體產業轉向再生能源的政策和政策工具。同樣地，該項目分析了政府政策和政策工具如何塑造台積電和聯電在採購和實施再生能源方面的策略。通過闡述政府如何推動再生能源轉型並了解政策如何影響半導體產業，我們可以更好地理解公私關係、政策制定過程以及再生能源轉型在台灣情境中的實施。最後，提出進一步的討論和政策建議，以便擴展研究成果並為未來發展提供解決方案。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) As the cost and availability of renewable energy has become more accessible in recent years, the decarbonization of the industrial sector has become a top priority for many governments around the world. In Taiwan, this is no exception as the government has identified the industrial sector as a key pillar in its Pathways to Net-Zero Emissions in 2050 (臺灣2050淨零排放路徑).Taiwan, home to some of the most advanced semiconductor manufacturers such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC), offers a unique perspective into how governments around the world are handling this transition to net-zero emissions. Both the government and these two semiconductor manufacturing companies have set out ambitious short- and long-term goals of transitioning to renewable energy. Therefore, this research project examines the policies and policy tools that the government is using to transition the semiconductor industry to renewable energy. Likewise, the project analyzes how government policy and policy tools shape TSMC’s and UMC’s strategy towards procuring and implementing renewable energy. By laying out how the government approaches the renewable energy transition and understanding how policy impacts the semiconductor industry, we can better understand public-private relations, the policymaking process, and renewable energy transitions in the context of Taiwan’s situation. Finally, further discussion and policy recommendations are given as a way to expand upon the findings and offer solutions for future developments. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgments - 1 撮要 - 2 Abstract - 3 Chapter 1. Introduction - 8 1.1 Background Information - 8 1.2 Research Objectives - 11 1.3 Results - 13 Chapter 2. Literature Review - 15 2.1 Energy Transitions - 15 2.2 Taiwan’s Energy Transition - 18 2.3 Taiwan’s Climate Policies and Renewable Energy Development - 19 2.4 Taiwan as a Developmental State - 25 2.5 The Relationship Between the Government and the Semiconductor Industry - 28 Chapter 3. Theoretical Framework and Methodology - 32 3.1 Theoretical Framework: Developmental State - 32 3.2 Methodology: Research Approach - 33 3.3 Methodology: Data Collection - 35 3.3.1 Policy Tools - 35 3.3.2 Corporate Strategy - 35 3.3.3 Interviews - 36 Chapter 4. Findings and Discussion - 38 4.1: Government Policies - 38 4.1.1 Taiwan’s Pathway to Net-Zero Emissions in 2050 - 38 Figure 1. Aspects of the Energy Transition - 40 12-Key Strategies - 41 4.1.2 Climate Legislation - 43 Climate Change Response Act - 43 Figure 2. Climate Change Response Act, Article 5, Item 1 - 43 Renewable Energy Development Act - 45 Figure 3. Renewable Energy Development Act, Article 9, Items 3 and 4 - 47 The Electricity Act - 48 Figure 4. (The Electricity Act, 1947, Articles 9, 10, and 49.) - 50 4.1.3 Policies by Ministry - 51 Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) - 51 Figure 5. Energy Transition Promotion Scheme - 52 Industrial Development Administration (IDA), MOEA - 54 Figure 6. Key Measures -- IDA - 55 Energy Administration (EA), MOEA - 58 Bureau of Standards, Metrology, and Inspection (BSMI), MOEA - 59 Ministry of Environment (MOENV) - 60 The Climate Change Administration (CCA), MOENV - 62 4.1.4 Conclusion: Policies that Transition the Semiconductor Industry to Renewable Energy - 64 4.2: Policy Tools - 70 4.2.1 Command-and-Control Instruments: Regulating the Energy Transition - 71 Figure 9. CCIs in Climate and Energy Legislation (MOEA) - 72 Figure 10. CCIs in Climate and Energy Legislation (MOENV) - 75 4.2.2 Economic Tools: Promoting Renewable Energy and Economic Development - 78 4.2.3 Informational and Educational Tools: Uniting Different Parts of Society - 82 4.2.4 Voluntary Agreements: Accountability Under Pressure and Demand - 85 4.2.5 Research and Development (R&D) Tools: Investing in Maximum Effectiveness - 86 4.2.6 Capacity-Building Tools: Combining the “New” and the “Old” Modus Operandi - 88 4.2.7 Conclusion: A New Type of Developmental State? - 92 4.3: Case Study Comparison of TSMC and UMC - 97 4.3.1 Total renewable energy consumption (xW/h) - 98 Figure 11. Total renewable energy consumption - 98 4.3.2 Renewable energy targets: Ratio of renewable energy in total energy mix (%) - 101 Figure 12. Renewable energy targets - 101 4.3.3 Notable renewable energy projects as listed in 2022 sustainability reports - 103 Figure 13. Notable renewable energy projects - 103 Figure 14. Taiwan’s Renewable Energy Legislation - 106 4.3.4 Conclusion: Corporate Strategy - 107 4.4: Discussion Section - 110 Figure 15. Direct and Indirect CO2 emissions + Combined Percentage - 110 Chapter 5. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations - 115 5.1 Conclusive Results - 115 5.2 Theoretical Framework: Re-evaluating the Developmental State in the Energy Transition 115 5.3 Policy Recommendations - 116 Policy Recommendation 1: Continue utilizing ITRI to explore other avenues for the energy transition. - 117 Policy Recommendation 2: Revise (and clarify) local content requirements (LCRs) to reflect market capacity (in O&M and other aspects) so that renewable energy prices can better reflect market demand. - 118 Policy Recommendation 3: Match Long-term and Short-term Policy Goals with Late-stage and Early-stage Policy Development. - 119 Figure 16. Policy Goal and Stage - 121 5.4 Limitations - 121 5.5 Suggestions for future research - 122 References - 123 Appendix A. Interview Questions - 135 Appendix B. 12-Key Strategies -- Wind/Solar PV and Green Finance - 136 Appendix C. TSMC and UMC CO2 Emissions - 142 zh_TW dc.format.extent 11559322 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111926054 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 能源轉型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 再生能源 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 半導體 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 發展型國家 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣能源政策 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Energy transitions en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Renewable Energy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Semiconductor en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Developmental State en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan Climate and Energy Policy en_US dc.title (題名) 創新能源，賦能產業：台灣淨零政策如何影響半導體行業向可再生能源過渡的研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Innovating Energy, Empowering Industry: A Study of How Taiwan’s Renewable Energy Policies Impact the Semiconductor Industry’s Transition to Renewable Energy en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) AmCham. (2023, June 7). 2023 Taiwan White Paper: Overview. AmCham Taiwan. https://amcham.com.tw/2023/06/2023-taiwan-white-paper-overview/ Apple Press Release. (2020). Apple commits to be 100 percent carbon neutral for its supply chain and products by 2030—Apple. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/07/apple-commits-to-be-100-percent-carbon-neu tral-for-its-supply-chain-and-products-by-2030/ Araújo, K. (2014). The emerging field of energy transitions: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. Energy Research & Social Science, 1, 112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2014.03.002 Babayomi, O. O., Dahoro, D. A., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Affordable clean energy transition in developing countries: Pathways and technologies. iScience, 25(5), 104178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104178 Background-Offshore Wind Power-TWTPO. (2015). https://www.twtpo.org.tw/eng/offshore/ Been-Ion, C. (2011, June 1). Inside the Taiwan Miracle [Website]. Taiwan Today; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=8&post=13965 Bengtsson, M., Hotta, Y., Hayashi, S., & Akenji, L. (2010). Policy Tools for Sustainable Materials Management: Applications in Asia. Https://Www.Iges.or.Jp/En/Pub/Policy-Tools-Sustainable-Materials-Management/En, SCP-001, 2010, 37. Blinken, A. J. (2023, June 19). Secretary Antony J. Blinken with Leila Fadel of NPR Morning Edition (L. Fadel, Interviewer) [Interview]. https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-with-leila-fadel-of-npr-morning-edition / Bureau of Energy, M. (2022). 111年能源統計手冊 (Energy Statistics Handbook 2022). Bureau of Energy, MOEA, 168. Cai, J. (2023, May 30). A guide to Taiwan green energy market: Current status and analysis. InfoLink-Group. https://www.infolink-group.com/energy-article/current-stays-and-analysis-of-renewable-e nergy-market-in-taiwan Chan, R. (2021a, April 11). Ørsted awards 2021 Green Energy Scholarship, cultivating future talents to support Taiwan’s energy transition. https://orsted.tw/en/news/2021/11/2021-green-scholarship Chan, R. (2021b, November 8). Ørsted, Da-Yeh University select first batch of students to begin Apprenticeship Programme. Ørsted. https://orsted.tw/en/news/2021/08/first-batch-apprentice Chan, R. (2022, February 24). Ørsted and NCUE activate first joint green energy syllabus, bringing offshore wind into school classrooms throughout Changhua.https://orsted.tw/en/news/2022/02/green-syllabus Chang, H., & Kao, E. (2024a, April 22). Environment groups call for speedy establishment of carbon fee system. Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202404220014 Chang, H., & Kao, E. (2024b, April 30). Draft carbon pricing laws to only have limited impact: Experts- Focus Taiwan. Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202404300009 Chang, S., Hwang, H.-S., Lai, H., & Liang, C. (2012). Taiwan’s Energy Conundrum. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, No. 146, 36. Chen, C. C. (2021). The path to a 2025 nuclear-free Taiwan: An analysis of dynamic competition among emissions, energy, and economy. Energy & Environment, 32(4), 668–689. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X20949981 Chen, K. (2023, May 31). Taiwan Energy Carbon Capture. https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/taiwan-energy-carbon-capture Chen, W. (2016, October 21). Cabinet approves Taipower break-up. Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2016/10/21/2003657595 Chien, K. (2020). Pacing for Renewable Energy Development: The Developmental State in Taiwan’s Offshore Wind Power. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 110(3), 793–807. China Petroleum Corporation (CPC). (n.d.). CPC Corporation, Taiwan [Text/html]. CPC Corporation, Taiwan; CPC Corporation, Taiwan. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.cpc.com.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=3024&Create=1 China (Taiwan), M. of F. A., Republic of. (2010, May 1). Renewing the Energy Industry [Website]. Taiwan Today; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=4&post=4478 Chu, Y. (Ed.). (2016). The Asian Developmental State: Reexaminations and New Departures. Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137476128 Chung, H.-S. (2021). Taiwan’s Offshore Wind Energy Policy: From Policy Dilemma to Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 13(18), Article 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810465 Climate Action with Taiwan: Supporting Taiwan. (2023). Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/sa_en/post/3080.html Climate Change Administration. (2022). Mínguó 111 nián pánchá dēnglù xiànkuàng fēnxī (民國111年盤查登錄現況分析)[Analysisonthecurrent situation of inventory registration in the 111th year of the Republic of China]. Climate Change Administration of the Ministry of Environment said “The first carbon fee will be levied in 2025.” (2023, August 24). 中小企業綠色環保資訊網. http://green.sme.gov.tw/detail.php?lang=en&type=1&id=2860 CNA English News. (2023, November 4). R&D spending accounted for almost 4% of Taiwan’s GDPin 2022—Focus Taiwan. Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/sci-tech/202311040010 Department of Information Services, Executive Yuan. (2019, June 13). Offshore wind-power generation [Text/html]. 2.16.886.101.20003; 2.16.886.101.20003. https://english.ey.gov.tw/News3/9E5540D592A5FECD/34ff3d6b-412e-458d-afe9-01737 d2da52d Development of Taiwan Renewable Energy Certification (T-REC) Mechanism ｜T-REC. (2021, June 30). https://www.trec.org.tw/en/hot-news/development-of-taiwan-renewable-energy-certificati on-%28T-REC%29-mechanism Diàn Yèfǎ (電業法) [The Electricity Act] (1947). Promulgated on December 10, 1947 2. Amended on May 08, 1948 3. Amended on May 21, 1965 4. Amended on April 24, 2002 5. Amended on June 12, 2002 6. Amended on Jan 19, 2005 7. Amended on March 21, 2007 8. Amended on Jan 26, 2011 9. Amended on August 8, 2012 10. Amended on January 29, 2014 11. Amended on January 26, 2017 12. Amended on May 22, 2019 13.The Electricity Act Article 71-1、71-2 are added and promulgated by Presidential Order Hua-Tsung on June 28, 2023 per Order ref. Hwa-Tzong-1- Yi-Tze-No. 11200053971. DNV Business Assurance (DNV). (2023). Impartiality Verification Opinion. DNV Business Assurance. Energy Administration, M. of E. A. (2023, October 19). Five developers submitted administrative contract documetns for Round 1 of Zonal Development Starting a new chapter in offshore wind power [Text]. Energy Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C.; Energy Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. https://www.moeaea.gov.tw/ECW/english/news/News.aspx?kind=6&menu_id=958&new s_id=32569 Energy Administration, M. of E. A. (2024, April 9). 2024 Taiwan International Geothermal Conference, Fostering Global Connections for a Sustainable Future [Text]. Energy Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C.; Energy Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. https://www.moeaea.gov.tw/ECW/english/news/News.aspx?kind=6&menu_id=958&new s_id=33739 European Commission. (2019). Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (p. 262). European Commission. Executive Yuan. (2018). 5+2 Innovative Industries Plan: Upgrading and transforming industry [Text/html]. 2.16.886.101.20003. https://english.ey.gov.tw/iip/B0C195AE54832FAD Executive Yuan, National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD). (n.d.). Xíngzhèng yuàn guójiā yǒng xù fāzhǎn wěiyuánhuì (行政院國家永續發展委員會)[National Council for Sustainable Development] ||. 行政院國家永續發展委員會. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://ncsd.ndc.gov.tw/Fore/en/Taiwansdg Financial Supervisory Commission. (2022). Green Finance Action Plan 3.0. Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC). Fuller, D. A. (1999). Sustainable Marketing: Managerial- Ecological Issues. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://link.springer.com/collections/gjgafbdgdi Gao, A. M.-Z., Fan, C.-T., & Chen, J.-S. (2020). A critical review of the World’s first renewable portfolio standard (RPS) for large electricity users in Taiwan: The return of the RPS? Energy Strategy Reviews, 32, 100585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2020.100585 Gordon, O. (2023, August 30). The top ten critical minerals powerhouses of the energy transition. Energy Monitor. https://www.energymonitor.ai/sectors/extractive-industries/the-top-ten-critical-minerals-p owerhouses-of-the-energy-transition/ Gov’t will not rule out nuclear power if safety is guaranteed: DPP’s Lai- Focus Taiwan. (2023, October 19). Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202310190018 Gray, K. (2011). Taiwan and the geopolitics of late development. The Pacific Review, 24, 577–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2011.634077 Greene, J. M. (2008). The Origins of the Developmental State in Taiwan: Science Policy and the Quest for Modernization. Harvard University Press. Greenpeace East Asia. (2023, April 20). Semiconductor industry electricity consumption to more than double by 2030: Study. Greenpeace East Asia. https://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/press/7930/semiconductor-industry-electricity-consu mption-to-more-than-double-by-2030-study/ Greenpeace Press Release. (2023, October 2). Giant "Net-Zero Snail” in Taipei as Survey Reveals Urgency of Renewable Energy Development. Greenpeace East Asia. https://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/press/8205/giant-net-zero-snail-staged-outside-presi dential-office-as-greenpeace-survey-reveals-urgency-for-renewable-energy-development/ Gunningham, N., & Sinclair, D. (2022). OECD Global Forum on International Investment: Conference on Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment: “Voluntary Approaches to Environmental Protection: Lessons from the Mining and Forestry Sectors.” 41. Her, K. (2018, May 1). The Solar City [Website]. Taiwan Today; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=8&post=133284 Hioe, B. (2024, April 4). Electricity Price Hikes Likely to Lead to Political Contestation. New Bloom Magazine. https://newbloommag.net/2024/04/04/price-hikes-policy/ Hsiao, A. (2024, March 14). Decision on carbon fee rates could be delayed: Minister- Focus Taiwan. Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/business/202403140013 Hsu, C. (2022, December 9). Taiwanese companies having difficulty procuring green energy: RE100 report. Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2022/12/09/2003790376 Huang, G. C.-L., & Chen, R.-Y. (2021). Uncovering regime resistance in energy transition: Role of electricity iron triangle in Taiwan. Environmental Policy and Governance, 31(2), 104–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1921 Huánjìng Jiàoyù Fǎ (環境教育法) [Environmental Education Act] (2010). Amended 2017/11/29. IEA. (2023). Energy Technology Perspectives 2023– Analysis. IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-technology-perspectives-2023 IEA. (2024). Russia’s War on Ukraine– Topics. IEA. https://www.iea.org/topics/russias-war-on-ukraine Industrial Development Administration. (2022). Promoting New Industrial Layout and Net-Zero Transformation (p. 20). Industrial Development Administration, MOEA. International Trade Administration (ITA). (2021, May 3). Taiwan Renewable Energy Market. https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/taiwan-renewable-energy-market Interview with Participant A (E. Matthews, Interviewer). (2024, April 22). [Video chat]. Interview with Participant B (E. Matthews, Interviewer). (2024, May 8). [In-person]. Interview with Participant C (E. Matthews, Interviewer). (2024, May 14). [In-person]. Interview with Participant D (E. Matthews, Interviewer). (2024, June 21). [Personal communication]. IRENA. (2023, August 29). Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2022. https://www.irena.org/Publications/2023/Aug/Renewable-Power-Generation-Costs-in-20 22 ITRI. (n.d.). Shalun Smart Green Energy Science City: Building Taiwan’s Green Energy Platform- 50 Years of Empowering Industry Through Innovations. Retrieved June 4, 2024, from https://50th.itri.org.tw/en/history/green_energy/48/ John Armstrong, A., & Hamrin, J. (2000). The Renewable Energy Policy Manual (p. 141). United States Export Council for Renewable Energy. Johnson, C. (1982). MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975. Stanford University Press. Kalinowski, T. (2020, June 1). The politics of climate change in a neo-developmental state: The case of South Korea—Thomas Kalinowski, 2021. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0192512120924741 Kim, J., & Castillejos-Petalcorin, C. (2020). The Role of Government Research & Development in Fostering Innovation in Asia. In Asian Development Outlook 2020: What Drives Innovation in Asia? (p. 27). Asian Development Bank (ADB). Kimmins, S., & Saduikyte, G. (2021, November 18). What happens when members achieve (or don’t achieve) 100%? https://www.there100.org/our-work/news/what-happens-when-members-achieve-or-dontachieve-100 Kubitschek, R., Wang, J., & McCatherin, J. (2023, October 6). Round 3.2: Two steps forward, one step back. Euroview. https://euroview.ecct.com.tw/category-inside.php?id=1680 Kuo, C., Lai, Y., & Mazzetta, M. (2024, April 18). Taoyuan power outages blamed on equipment malfunctions. Focus Taiwan- CNA English News.https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202404180012 Lai, C. S., & Mcculloch, M. (2016). Levelized Cost of Energy for PV and Grid Scale Energy Storage Systems. Lee, A. C. (2019). Nuclear Debates and Political Competition in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan: Denuclearization or Nuclear Latency in the Aftermath of Fukushima [Ph.D., University of California, Irvine]. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2284951308/abstract/ED4E7CE4A534A1DPQ/1 Lee, A., & Lo, S. (2020). Meeting demand with supply: Renewable energy market briefing Taiwan (p. 17). RE100 Climate Group, CDP, Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research. Lee, A., & Lo, S. (2022). Taiwan Energy Market Briefing: Net-Zero Plan and Aggregated PPAs (p. 13). Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research, European Chamber of Commerce Taiwan, Climate Group, and RE100. Lee, W.-H., & Yang, W.-T. (2000). The cradle of Taiwan high technology industry development—Hsinchu Science Park (HSP). Technovation, 20(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(99)00085-1 Lí Àn Fēnglì Fādiàn Guīhuà Chǎng Zhǐ Róngliàng Fēnpèi Zuòyè Yàodiǎn Yīng (離岸風力發電規劃場址容量分配作業要點英)[Directions for Allocating the Installed Capacity of Offshore Wind Potential Zones] (2018). https://law.moea.gov.tw/EngLawContent.aspx?lan=E&id=10322 Lin M., Wang J., & McCatherin J. (2023, November 8). The future of hydrogen. Sustainability & CSR. https://euroview.ecct.com.tw/category-inside.php?id=1727 Liu, C., Lai, Y., & Hsiao, A. (2024, January 4). Newly unveiled carbon pricing formula gets mixed industry response. Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/business/202401040017 Liu, J. C.-E., & Chao, C.-W. (2023). Politics of climate change mitigation in Taiwan: International isolation, developmentalism legacy, and civil society responses. WIREs Climate Change, 14(4), e834. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.834 Liu, K. (2024, April 17). How Taiwan’s Stringent Localization Policy is Choking Offshore Wind. CommonWealth Magazine. https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=3672 Maritime Technology Innovation Center (MTIC). (n.d.-a). Hǎiyáng kējì chǎnyè chuàngxīn zhuānqū rén péi zhōngxīn jièshào (海洋科技產業創新專區人培中心介紹)[Introduction to the Talent Training Center of the Marine Science and Technology Industry Innovation Zone]. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.mtic.org.tw/Home/Article/5005e198-954f-4bcf-8ed1-dea2de9b0b81 Maritime Technology Innovation Center (MTIC). (n.d.-b). Maritime Technology Innovation Center (MTIC) MTIC Introduction. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.mtic.org.tw/EN/Home/Article/fae783a2-c64a-45f3-b74e-52f45de40191 Masterson, V. (2022, March 29). Why was the International Energy Agency set up? Because of 1973’s oil crisis | World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/03/iea-1970s-energy-crisis/ Matthews, E. (2024). Questionnaire with TSMC Employee [Letter to Anonymous TSMC Employee]. Matthews, E. (2024, March 27). How the EU’s CBAM Is Impacting Indonesia and Taiwan. Earth.Org. https://earth.org/how-the-eus-cbam-is-impacting-indonesia-and-taiwan/ Menton, J. D., & Reddie, A. W. (2024, June 13). Taiwan Can’t Shake Its Nuclear Ghosts. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/14/taiwan-nuclear-energy-weapons-policy-history/ Miller, C. (2022). Chip War: The Fight for the World’s Most Critical Technology. Scribner. Ministry of Economic Affairs. (2024, January 5). 2023 Nordic-Taiwan Sustainable Energy Forum- the Future Energy, Launching a New Era of Sustainability [Text]. Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C.; Ministry of Economic Affairs,R.O.C. https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/english/news/News.aspx?kind=6&menu_id=176&news_i d=113522 Ministry of Economic Affairs, R. O. C. (2019, October 26). Important Policies [Text]. Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C.; Ministry of Economic Affairs,R.O.C. https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/english/Policy/Policy.aspx?menu_id=32904&policy_id=1 9 Ministry of Economic Affairs, R. O. C. (2023, July 12). The Draft Amendment to Renewable Energy Development Act Passes Third Legislative Reading, Adding Regulations on “Solar Panel Installation on Buildings” and the "Chapter for Geothermal Energy [Text]. Ministry of Economic Affairs,R.O.C.; Ministry of Economic Affairs,R.O.C. https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/english/news/News.aspx?kind=6&menu_id=176&news_ id=110545 Ministry of Education (MOE). (2019a, June 24). Taiwan’s Strategic Ocean Advantage as an Island｜Politics & Society｜2019-06-24｜Sponsored Content. CommonWealth Magazine. https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=2452 Ministry of Education (MOE). (2019b, August 8). An Overview on the Ministry of Education’s Marine Education Policies. An Overview on the Ministry of Education’s Marine Education Policies. https://english.moe.gov.tw/cp-10-14935-EE230-1.html Ministry of Education (MOE). (2023, December 19). Promotion of Marine Education Implementation Project: Enhancing Taiwanese Citizens’ Basic Knowledge and Literacy of the Ocean and Cultivating Quality Talent Needed by the Industries. Promotion of Marine Education Implementation Project: Enhancing Taiwanese Citizens’ Basic Knowledge and Literacy of the Ocean and Cultivating Quality Talent Needed by the Industries. https://english.moe.gov.tw/cp-48-25381-913a6-1.html Ministry of Environment. (n.d.). Ministry of Environment—Air Quality Protection Web. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://air.moenv.gov.tw/airepaEn/EnvTopics/AirQuality_6.aspx Ministry of Environment. (2023a, August 10). Resource Recycling. Ministry of Environment; Ministry of Environment. https://www.moenv.gov.tw/en/2EE77440D4CC6D6 Ministry of Environment. (2023b, September 12). Introduction to MOENV. Ministry of Environment; Ministry of Environment. https://www.moenv.gov.tw/en/22B7A1DE5BA1EB57 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Public Diplomacy Coordination Council. (2018, September 13). Combating Climate Change—Taiwan Can Help. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://en.mofa.gov.tw/https%3a%2f%2fen.mofa.gov.tw%2fNews_Content.aspx%3fn%3 d1575%26s%3d34810%26Create%3d1 Mozur, P., & Liu, J. (2023, August 4). The Chip Titan Whose Life’s Work Is at the Center of a Tech Cold War. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/04/technology/the-chip-titan-whose-lifes-work-is-at-th e-center-of-a-tech-cold-war.html Myslinski, A. (2024, April 25). Striking a Critical Balance with Carbon Fees. Taiwan Business TOPICS. https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2024/04/striking-a-critical-balance-with-carbon-fees/ National Environmental Research Academy. (2023, August 16). Introduction to the NERA-About the NERA｜National Environmental Research Academy. National Environmental Research Academy. https://www.moenv.gov.tw/nera-en/58075E738FD507BA National Renewable Energy Certification Center. (2024). Direct supply and wheeling ｜T-REC. https://www.trec.org.tw/en/transaction_history_direct?search=UMC&year=2024&perPag e=10 National Science and Technology Council. (2023). Indicators of Science and Technology (2023) [dataset]. NDC, N. D. C. (2022). Taiwan’s Pathways to Net-Zero Emissions in 2050 [Website]. 國發會全球資訊網(英文網);NationalDevelopment Council. https://www.ndc.gov.tw/en/Content_List.aspx?n=B154724D802DC488 Nenni, D., & McLellan, P. (2019). Fabless: The Transformation of the Semiconductor Industry (B. Martin & A. Ketchum, Eds.). SemiWiki.com LLC. Norton Rose Fulbright. (2023, July). Global offshore wind: Taiwan. Norton Rose Fulbright. https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/e50b5c34/global-offshore-wind-taiwan Ocean Affairs Council, Department of Planning. (2024). The 2023 Administrative Plan by the Ocean Affairs Council. OECD. (1999). OECD Round Table on Sustainable Development: “Involving International Business: Voluntary Agreements and Competitiveness” (p. 6). OECD. (2015). Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/frascati-manual-2015_9789264239012-en OECD. (2022). Framework for industry’s net-zero transition: Developing financing solutions in emerging and developing economies (OECD Environment Policy Paper No. 32). OECD. Office of the President. (2022, April 22). President Tsai attends environmental sustainability forum. https://english.president.gov.tw/News/6263 Öniş, Z. (1991). The Logic of the Developmental State. Comparative Politics, 24(1), 109–126. https://doi.org/10.2307/422204 Ørsted and TSMC sign the world’s largest renewables corporate power purchase agreement. (2020, August 7). https://orsted.tw/en/news/2020/07/orsted-tsmc-cppa Oung, A. (2023, April 20). Mounting Challenges in the Energy Sector—Taiwan Business TOPICS. AmCham Taiwan. https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2023/04/mounting-challenges-in-the-energy-sector/ Pirie, I. (2018). Korea and Taiwan: The Crisis of Investment-Led Growth and the End of the Developmental State. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 48(1), 133–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2017.1375136 Pistilli, M. (2024, April 24). Rare Earths Reserves: Top 8 Countries (Updated 2024). https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/critical-metals-investing/rare-earth-in vesting/rare-earth-reserves-country/ Power shift. (2024, March 21). [Website]. Taiwan Today; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=36&post=250169 Press Conference on the Release of the 2023 Net Zero Transition Public Opinion Survey. (2023, August 1). https://rsprc.ntu.edu.tw/en/m01-2/energy-transition/1804-2023-net-zero-survey.html Promoting Green Energy Innovation. (2023, November 8). [Text/html]. 2.16.886.101.20003. https://english.ey.gov.tw/News3/9E5540D592A5FECD/16bd3a41-9c6a-485c-9498-b6b2 b8240f6e PwC. (n.d.). Energy, Power & Utilities. PwC. Retrieved June 3, 2024, from https://www.pwc.tw/en/services/deals/energy-utilities-resources.html Qìhòu Biànqiān Yīnyìng Fǎ (氣候變遷因應法) [Climate Change Response Act] (2015). https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=O0020098 Rafi, T. (2022, June 9). Why sustainability is crucial for corporate strategy | World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/06/why-sustainability-is-crucial-for-corporate-str ategy/ Ruì hé (睿禾) [Green Harvest] | About. (n.d.). Green Harvest. Retrieved June 4, 2024, from https://www.greenharvest.com.tw/en/about Singh, G. (2023, February 17). Electricity Power Models of Different countries. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/electricity-power-models-different-countries-dr-ghanshy am-singh/ Smil, V. (2019). What we need to know about the pace of decarbonization. Substantia: An International Journal of the History of Chemistry. Sovacool, B. K. (2016). How long will it take? Conceptualizing the temporal dynamics of energy transitions. Energy Research & Social Science, 13, 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2015.12.020 Staff writer, CNA. (2024, January 25). Greenpeace urges end to renewable energy monopoly. Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2024/01/25/2003812601 Taiwan Power Company (Taipower). (2022). 2021 Taiwan Power Company Sustainability Report (p. 123). Taiwan Power Company (Taipower). (2024, May 22). Renewable Energy Overview—Power Generation Information—Information Disclosure [Text]. Taiwan Power Company; Taiwan Power Company. https://www.taipower.com.tw/en/page.aspx?mid=4495 Taiwan: Rules for Round 3-2 Offshore Wind Zonal Development Capacity Allocation. (n.d.). Insightplus.Bakermckenzie. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://insightplus.bakermckenzie.com/bm/projects/taiwan-rules-for-round-3-2-offshorewind-zonal-development-capacity-allocation Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). (2018). TSMC 2017 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (p. 195) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. TSMC. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). (2019). TSMC 2018 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (p. 205) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. TSMC. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). (2020). TSMC 2019 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); p. 223). TSMC. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). (2021). TSMC 2020 Corporate Social Responsibiltiy Report (p. 230) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. TSMC. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). (2022). TSMC 2021 Sustainability Report (p. 228) [Sustainability Report]. Taiwan Today. (2010, September 13). EPA announces Taiwan’s first carbon offset programs [Website]. Taiwan Today; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=6&post=9732 Taiwan’s carbon trade policies. (2023, August 16). [ECCT]. https://www.ecct.com.tw/taiwans-carbon-trade-policies/ Tóuzī táiwān rùkǒu wǎng (投資臺灣入口網) [Invest Taiwan]. (2023, December 4). https://investtaiwan.nat.gov.tw/showIndInfo?guid=8&lang=eng Tsai, S.-S. H. (2014). Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and the West. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315702544 Tsai, Y.-T., Wang, W., Huang, L., & Tsai, E. (2023). 2022 Taiwan CPPA market report. TSMC. (n.d.). Everything to Know about Dedicated Foundries—Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from http://www.tsmc.com/english/aboutTSMC/dc_infographics_foundry TSMC sales from largest client (Apple) up over 30% in 2022—Focus Taiwan. (2023, March 3). Focus Taiwan- CNA English News. https://focustaiwan.tw/business/202303030016 UMC Corporate Communications. (2012, July 30). UMC Obtains LEED Gold Certification for Fab 12A P3 &P4. https://www.umc.com/en/News/press_release/Content/esg/20120730 United Microelectronics Corporation Company Profile: Stock Performance & Earnings | PitchBook. (n.d.). PitchBook. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/41964-49 United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). (2018). UMC 2017 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (p. 81) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. UMC. United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). (2019). UMC 2018 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (p. 155) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. UMC. United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). (2020). UMC 2019 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (p. 159) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. UMC. United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). (2021). UMC 2020 Corporate Social Responsibility Report (p. 170) [Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)]. UMC. United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). (2022). UMC 2021 Sustainability Report (p. 176) [Sustainability Report]. UMC. United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). (2023). UMC 2022 Sustainability Report (p. 201) [Sustainability Report]. UMC. United Nations. (n.d.). Capacity-Building. United Nations; United Nations. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/capacity-building Wang, K., & Cheng, Y. (2012). The Evolution of feed-in tariff policy in Taiwan. Energy Strategy Reviews, 1, 130–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2012.05.002 Wave Energy Conversion System Technology-Green Energy & Environment-Sustainable Environment-Innovations & Applications-Industrial Technology Research Institute. (n.d.).工研院中文版.RetrievedJune 10, 2024, from https://www.itri.org.tw/english/ListStyle.aspx?DisplayStyle=01_content&SiteID=1&Mm mID=1037333532467607737&MGID=620170255713633247 Weiss, L., & Thurbon, E. (2021). Developmental State or Economic Statecraft? Where, Why and Howthe Difference Matters. New Political Economy, 26(3), 472–489. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2020.1766431 Wen, H. T. (2018, April). Taiwan-Netherlands Offshore Wind Industry Networking Meeting: Taiwan Offshore Wind Industry Promotion Policy. Woo-Cumings, M. (Ed.). (2019). The Developmental State. Cornell University Press. World Economic Forum (WEF). (n.d.). China ¦ Clean Power and Electrification ¦ World Economic Forum. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://initiatives.weforum.org/clean-power-and-electrification/china World Economic Forum (WEF). (2023, June 28). Fostering Effective Energy Transition 2023. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/publications/fostering-effective-energy-transition-2023/in-full/ china/ Wu, H. (2023, June 13). A Brief Introduction to Taiwan’s Newly Passed Climate Change Responsive Act. FFTC Agricultural Policy Platform (FFTC-AP). https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/3360 Wu, T.-T. (2021). National Science and Technology Development Plan (2021-2024). Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of China (Taiwan). Wu, Y.-S. (2007). Taiwan’s Developmental State: After the Economic and Political Turmoil. Asian Survey, 47(6), 977–1001. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2007.47.6.977 Xiaojun, K. Z. (2022, September 6). What is the impact of the China—Taiwan conflict on shipping? Risk Intelligence. https://www.riskintelligence.eu/analyst-briefings/east-asia-impact-of-china-and-taiwan-co nflict Yergin, D. (2014, January 8). The Global Impact of US Shale. Project Syndicate. https://www.project-syndicate.org/magazine/daniel-yergin-traces-the-effects-of-america-s-shale-energy-revolution-on-the-balance-of-global-economic-and-political-power Yīdìng Qìyuē Róngliàng Yǐshàng Zhī Diànlì Yònghù Yīng Shèzhì Zàishēng Néngyuán Fādiàn Shèbèi Guǎnlǐ Bànfǎ (一定契約容量以上之電力用戶應設置再生能源發電設備管理辦法)[Regulations for the Management of Setting up Renewable Energy Power Generation Equipment of Power Users above a Certain Contract Capacity] (2020). Zàishēng Néngyuán Fāzhǎn Tiáolì (再生能源發展條例) [Renewable Energy Development Act] (2009). Amended on May 1, 2019 and June 21, 2023. Zàishēng Néngyuán Píngzhèng Shíshī Bànfǎ (再生能源憑證實施辦法) [Implementation Regulations Governing Renewable Energy Certificates] (2017). Promulgated 2017, Amended 2020 https://www.trec.org.tw/en/regulations/en-implementation-regulations-governing-renewa ble-energy-certificates zh_TW
