| dc.contributor.advisor | 余明忠 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Yu, Ming-chung | en_US |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 朱嘉鳳 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Chu, Chia-feng | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 朱嘉鳳 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Chu, Chia-feng | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2005 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 14-Sep-2009 12:18:01 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 14-Sep-2009 12:18:01 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 14-Sep-2009 12:18:01 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0929510112 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/31820 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 英國語文學系英語教學碩士在職專班 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 92951011 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 94 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 對以英語為外語學習的台灣學生而言，傳統的發音輔助系統在國中階段是以K.K.音標為主，而目前國小階段的發音輔助系統是藉由字母拼讀法，本研究旨在探討字母拼讀法與K.K.音標對台灣六年級學生在單字發音效益比較之研究。 研究對象為台北市一所公立小學六年級二個班共62位學生，兩班隨機分成實驗組與控制組，實驗組施予K.K.音標教學，而控制組則施以字母拼讀法教學。實驗研究共進行一學期，實驗前給予兩組學生單字發音的口試測驗，實驗後再進行同一份口試測驗，並採用三種統計方法進行資料分析:敘述性統計、獨立樣本T 檢定與卡方檢定。資料分析結果顯示K.K.音標與字母拼讀法教學在單字發音上有顯著差異，受試者對於K.K.音標教學在整體單字發音的表現較有成效；在單音節與多音節以及規則與不規則字的發音上也較字母拼讀法教學有成效。此外，二組受試者在子音、母音、重音與音節的錯誤率比較上，僅在母音上呈現顯著差異，受試者輔以字母拼讀法教學在母音的錯誤率較K.K.音標教學高，而錯誤似乎是受到字母拼讀法規則類化的影響。 最後，由此研究結果提出對國小六年級學生在單字發音教學的建議，期盼對國小六年級英語教師與學生在單字發音的教與學上有所助益。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | To facilitate word pronunciation for EFL students in Taiwan, K.K. phonetic symbols have been used in junior high schools for decades whereas phonics has been introduced in elementary schools. The purpose of the study is to examine which method, phonics or K.K. phonetic symbols, is more effective in teaching word pronunciation for sixth graders who have had three years of formal English education at public schools. The participants in this study were two classes of 62 sixth graders in Taipei city. Two classes were randomly assigned to the experimental group who received the instruction of K.K. phonetic symbols for a semester while the control group who received the instruction of phonics. The oral task of students’ production abilities on word pronunciation designed by the researcher was used as the instrument to collect the data. The data collected was analyzed by three statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test and chi-square. The results showed that students receiving K.K. phonetic symbols instruction outperformed those who received phonics instruction on overall, monosyllabic, polysyllabic, regular and irregular word pronunciation. Additionally, it is found that students with the instruction of phonics made more vowel errors. The segmental errors in the phonics group may result from the effect of phonics generalization. Based on the findings, this study proposes some pedagogical implications for sixth grade English teachers to better facilitate students’ learning on English word pronunciation. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The Setting 1 1.2 The Need of the Study 3 1.3 Purpose of the Study 6 1.4 Significance of the Study 7 Chapter 2 Literature Review 9 2.1 Pronunciation Teaching in TESOL 9 2.2 The Content of Pronunciation Teaching 11 2.2.1 Segment of Pronunciation 11 2.2.2 Suprasegment of Pronunciation 11 2.3 Concepts of Phonics 13 2.3.1 The Practice of Phonics in the United States 14 2.3.2 The Practice of Phonics in Taiwan 16 2.4 Orthography and Pronunciation 18 2.4.1 The Nature of English Orthography 18 2.4.2 English Orthography vs. Pronunciation 20 2.5 Concepts of K.K. Phonetic Symbols 22 2.6 Previous Studies Related to Word Pronunciation 23 2.6.1 Studies Conducted in Other EFL Countries 23 2.6.2 Studies Conducted in Taiwan 25 2.7 Research Questions 30 2.8 Research Hypotheses 30 Chapter 3 Methodology 32 3.1 Participants 32 3.2 Instruments 34 3.2.1 Testing Materials 34 3.2.1.1 Oral Production Task 35 3.2.1.2 Scoring Criteria for Oral Production Task 37 3.2.2 Teaching Materials 37 3.3 Procedure 38 3.3.1 Classroom Setting 38 3.3.2 Teaching Process 38 3.3.3 Testing Process 40 3.4 Data Analysis 40 Chapter 4 Results 42 4.1 Comparison on the Effectiveness of Overall Words 42 4.2 Comparison on the Effectiveness of Different Types of Words 44 4.2.1 Comparison on the Effectiveness of One-Syllable Words 44 4.2.2 Comparison on the Effectiveness of Two-Syllable Words 45 4.2.3 Comparison on the Effectiveness of Three-Syllable Words 46 4.2.4 Comparison on the Effectiveness of Regular Words 47 4.2.5 Comparison on the Effectiveness of Irregular Words 48 4.3 Segmental and Suprasegmental Errors of the Two Groups 49 4.3.1 Comparison on the Error Rate of Consonants 50 4.3.2 Comparison on the Error Rate of Vowels 56 4.3.3 Comparison on the Error Rate of Syllabification 61 4.3.4 Comparison on the Error Rate of Stress 64 4.3.5 Major Segmental Errors of the Two Groups 68 4.3.5.1 Major Segmental Errors of the Control Group 68 4.3.5.2 Major Segmental Errors of the Experimental Group 70 Chapter 5 Discussion 71 5.1 Comparison on the Effectiveness of the Two Methods 71 5.1.1 Comparison on the Effectiveness of Overall Words 71 5.1.2 Comparison on the Effectiveness of Monosyllabic and Polysyllabic Words 75 5.1.3 Comparison on the Effectiveness of Regular and Irregular Words 79 5.2 Comparison on Segmental and Suprasegmental Errors of the Two Groups 82 5.2.1 Comparison on the Error Rate of Consonants 82 5.2.2 Comparison on the Error Rate of Vowels 84 5.2.3 Comparison on the Error Rate of Syllabification 86 5.2.4 Comparison on the Error Rate of Stress 88 5.3 Major Segmental Errors of the Two Groups 90 5.3.1 Major Segmental Errors of the Phonics Group 90 5.3.2 Major Segmental Errors of the K.K. Group 91 Chapter 6 Conclusion 93 6.1 Summary of the Findings 93 6.2 Pedagogical Implications 97 6.3 Limitations and Problems of the Study 99 6.4 Suggestions for Future Research 101 References 104 Appendixes 111 Appendixes Appendix A Oral Production Task (Pretest) 111 Appendix B Test Words to the Corresponding Sound 112 Appendix C Oral Production Task (Posttest for the Experimental Group) 114 Appendix D Teaching Schedule for the Control (Phonics) Group 115 Appendix E Teaching Schedule for the Experimental (K.K.) Group 117 Appendix F Lesson Plan for the Control (Phonics) Group 119 Appendix G Lesson Plan for the Experimental (K.K.) Group 120 Appendix H The Most Common Spelling of 44 English Sounds 121 List of Tables Table 1 Independent-Sample t-Test Results of the Pretest of the Two Groups 33 Table 2 Independent-Sample t-Test Results of the Posttest of the Two Groups on Overall Words 43 Table 3 Independent-Sample t-test Results of the Posttest of the Two Groups on One-Syllable Words 44 Table 4 Independent-Sample t-Test Results of the Posttest of the Two Groups on Two-Syllable Words 45 Table 5 Independent-Sample t-Test Results of the Posttest of the Two Groups on Three-Syllable Words 46 Table 6 Independent-Sample t-Test Results of the Posttest of the Two Groups on Regular Words 47 Table 7 Independent-Sample t-Test Results of the Posttest of the Two Groups on Irregular Words 48 Table 8 Error Frequency and Percentage of Consonants for the Two Groups 50 Table 9 Error Frequency of the Two Consonant Types for the Two Groups 55 Table 10 Error Frequency and Percentage of Vowels for the Two Groups 56 Table 11 Error Frequency of the Four Vowel Types for the Two Groups 59 Table 12 Standardized Residuals for the Error Frequency of the Four Vowel Types of the Two Groups 61 Table 13 Error Frequency and Percentage of Syllabification for the Two Groups 61 Table 14 Error Frequency of Three Syllabification Types for the Two Groups 64 Table 15 Error Frequency and Percentage of Stress for the Two Groups 65 Table 16 Error Frequency of the Two Stress Types for the Two Groups 67 Table 17 Major Segmental Errors of the Control (Phonics) Group 69 | zh_TW |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0929510112 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 發音教學 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 字母拼讀法 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | K.K.音標 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Pronunciation Teaching | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Phonics | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | K.K. Phonetic Symbols | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 字母拼讀法與K.K.音標對台灣六年級學生在單字發音效益比較之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | A Comparison Study on the Effectiveness of Teaching English Phonics and K.K. Phonetic Symbols on Word Pronunciation | en_US |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Adams, M. J. (1990). Beginning to read: Thinking and learning about print. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Benrabah, M. (1997). Word-stress – A source of unintelligibility in English. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 35 (3), 157-163. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Blevins, W. (1998). Phonics A to Z. New York: Scholastics. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Blevins, W. (2001). Teaching phonics & word study in the intermediate grades. New York: Scholastics. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brewster, J., & Ellis, G. (2002). The primary English teacher’s guide. Harlow: Longman. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by principles: and interactive approach to language pedagogy. (2nd ed.). New York: Pearson Education. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Carr, P. (1999). English phonetics and phonology: an introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D. M., & Goodwin, J. M. (1996). Teaching pronunciation: a reference for teachers of English to speakers of other languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chall, J. S., & Popp, H. (1996). Teaching and assessing phonics: why, what, when, how. Cambridge, MA: Educators Publishing Service, Inc. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chien, L. C., & Chen, S. H. (2002). A developmental study on phonological awareness and spelling in Taiwanese EFL children. English Teaching & Learning, 27 (1), 41-66. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chomsky, N., & Halle, M. (1968). The sound pattern of English. New York, NY: Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chu, H. M. (2002). Assessing EFL learners’ decoding skills. English Teaching & Learning, 26 (3), 35-57. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cunningham, P. M. (1995). Phonics they use: Words for reading and writing (2nd ed.). New York: HarperCollins College. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dale, F. C. (1998). Orthoepic piracy: spelling pronunciation and Standard English. American Speech, 73 (2), 178-196. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dickerson, W. B. (1991). Orthography as a pronunciation resource. In Brown, (Eds.), Teaching English pronunciation. (pp. 159-172). New York: Pearson Education. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Drake, D. A., & Ehri, L. C. (1984). Spelling acquisition: effects of pronouncing words on memory for their spellings. Cognition and Instruction, 1 (3), 297-320. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Edward, H. T. (1997). Applied phonetics: the sounds of American English. (2nd ed.). London: Singular Publishing. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Eldredge, J. L. (1995). Teaching decoding in holistic classrooms. Englewood Cliffs: Merrill Publishing Co. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Erderner, V. D., & Burnham, D. K. (2005). The role of audiovisual speech and orthographic information in nonnative speech production. Language Learning 55 (2), 191-228. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fichtner, E. G. (1976). The pronunciation of the English <NG>: A case study in phoneme-grapheme relationships. TESOL Quarterly, 10 (2), 193-202. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fromkin, V., & Rodman, R. (1998). An introduction to language. (6th ed.). Boston: Thomson Heinle. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | George, J. S. (2004). The efficacy of an intensive and systematic phonics intervention for students at-risk for reading difficulty in the primary grades. (Doctoral Dissertation, the Johns Hopkins University, 2004). Dissertation Abstracts International, 65 (04), 1302. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gontijo, P. F. D., Gontijo, I., & Shillcock, R. (2003). Grapheme-phoneme probabilities in British English, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 35 (1), 136-157. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Groff, P. (1977). Phonics: Why and how. Morristown: General Learning Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Henderson, E. (1967). Phonics in learning to read: a handbook for teachers. NY: Exposition Press | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hsin, A. L. (2000). English syllable structure and English teaching. Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the Republic of China. p.69-77. Taipei: Crane. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hsu, L. S. (2000). A study of phonics and K.K. phonetic symbols. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Huang, S. L. (2002). An experimental study of the effects of phonics instruction on the acquisition of phonological awareness of junior high school students in Taiwan. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hung, A. M. (2004). A study of the effects of phonics instruction on English word pronunciation & Memorization of vocational senior high school students. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hung, S. K. (1998). A comparison of two methods, K.K. phonetic symbols and phonics, in teaching English to Children. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kreidler, C. W. (1989). The pronunciation of English: a course book in phonology. (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ku, S. C. (1997). The teaching and learning of phonetic symbols in Taiwan’s junior high schools. Proceeding of the First Graduates Students’ Annual Conference. p.73-89. Chang-hua: Department of English in National Changhu University of Education. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kuiper, K., & Allan, W. S. (1996). An introduction to English language. London: Macmillan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lai, W. T. (2003). A study of phonics as a method to enhance spelling skills of remedial EFL learners in Taiwan. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Tsing Hua University, Shinchu, Taiwan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Larsen-Freeman, D. (1986). Techniques and principles in language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Liao, S. H. (2004). A study on the scope and sequence of pronunciation in junior high school English textbooks. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lin, M. Y. (2002). English phonics instruction and its teaching sequence for elementary school students in Taiwan. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lin, Y. C. (2001). The effects of the phonics teaching method with or without K.K. phonetic symbols in teaching pronunciation to EFL adult learners. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Changhua University of Education, Changhu, Taiwan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lin, Y. C. (2003). Phonics instruction: a survey of elementary school English Teachers’ beliefs and practices. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Taipei Teachers College, Taipei, Taiwan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lin, Y. J. et al., (2004). Wow English. Taipei: Kang Shang. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lintunen, P. P. (2004). Pronunciation and phonemic transcription: A study of advanced Finnish learners of English. Unpublished doctoral’s dissertation, University of Turun Yliopisto, Finland. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lu, J. Y. et al., (2001). Darbie Teaches Me。Taipei: Kang Shang. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mazurkiewicz, A. (1976). Teaching about phonics. NY: St. Martin’s Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Murakawa, H. (1981). Teaching English pronunciation to Japanese adults. Dissertation Abstracts International. (UMI No. 8128665) | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Nasr, R. T. (1997). Applied English phonology: for ESL/EFL teachers. Maryland: University Press of America. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Orion, G. F. (1988). Pronouncing American English. New York: New Bury House Publishers. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pennington, M. C. (1996). Phonology in English language teaching: an international approach. New York: Addison Wesley Longman. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Piguet, T. E. (2001). Effects of phonetic/phonics instruction on reading pronunciation (French level). Dissertation Abstracts International. (UMI No. 3006863) | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Poldauf, I. (1984). English word stress. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Power, C. (2005). Not the Queen’s English. Newsweek, 10, 41-45. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. (2002). Longman dictionary of language teaching & applied linguistics (3rd ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Robinett, B. W. (1978). Teaching English to speakers of other languages. Canada: Burns & MacEachern Limited. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rogers, H. (2000). The sounds of language: an introduction to phonetics. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Smith, F. (1999). Why systematic phonics and phonemic awareness instruction constitute an educational hazard. Language Arts, 77 (2), 150-155. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tiffany, W. R., & Carrell, J. (1977). Phonetics, theory and application. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ueno, N. (1995). Teaching English pronunciation to Japanese English majors: A comparison of a suprasegmental-oriented and a segmental-oriented teaching approach. Dissertation Abstracts International. (UMI No. 9527543) | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wolfram, W., & Johnson, R. (1982). Phonological Analysis: focus on American English. NJ: Prentice-Hall. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Yoshida, H. (2004). An analytic instrument for assessing EFL pronunciation. Dissertation Abstracts International. (UMI No.3128595) | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhang, J. (1995). Automatic learning of English pronunciation rules. Unpublished master’s thesis. The University of Regina, Canada. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王旭 (1989)。從音韻學及語言學習的觀點看英語教學的音標。中華民國第五屆英語文教學研討會英語文教學論文集。台北：文鶴。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王啟琳 (2003)。從英語字音字形對應分析，論字母拼讀教學。東海大學文學院學報，44，280-308。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王家聲 (1992)。英語發音教學的理論與實際。中華民國第八屆英語文教學研討會英語文教學論文集。台北：文鶴。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王備五 (1986)。分音節---音標教學的一個重要環結。中華民國第二屆英語文教學研討會英語文教學論文集。台北：文鶴。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 朱惠美 (2001)。發音教學與評量。施玉惠編，國民中小學英語教學活動設計及評量指引，(頁96-136)。台北：教育部。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李櫻 (2000)。談兒童英語教學中的發音問題。英語教學，25 (2)，4-15。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳國賢 (1989)。英語發音教學(下)。英語教學，14 (2)，14-20。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 周中天 (2000)。學Phonics等於學好發音嗎?。敦煌英語教學，24，14-15。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 施玉惠 (2000)。發音不等於發「音」。敦煌英語教學，24，(5)。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 姚崇昆 (2001)。淺談英語發音教學。人文及社會學科教學通訊，11 (5)，6-16。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 高如雲 (2001)。KK音標複習課程。明志技術學院學報，33，253-264。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳純音 (2005)。字母與字母拼讀教學新風貌。國小English快報，4，1-2。台北：康軒。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 許雪芳 (2003)。培養兒童的文字認讀與拼寫能力:三種發音教學方式的成效研究。台北：國立台北師範學院兒童英語教育研究所論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 國立編譯館 (1998)。國民中學英語字母拼讀法練習本。台北：國立編譯館。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要 (2005)。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張寶燕 (1993)。近數十年來英語發音教學理論與實際的簡介。英語教學，18 (2)，10-15。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 臺北市國民小學各年級英語學習能力指標 (2005)。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃玉珮 & 劉宗銘 (1985)。K.K. Phonetic Symbols for Children & Teenagers。台北：佳學事業有限公司。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 葉潔宇 (1993)。發音重要嗎？。英語教學，17 (4)，21-24。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 謝欽舜 (1994)。K.K.音標教學內容與技巧。敦煌英語教學，3，6-13。 | zh_TW |
