| dc.contributor.advisor | 許文耀 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 梁記雯 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | 梁記雯 | zh_TW |
| dc.date (日期) | 2005 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 17-Sep-2009 13:18:41 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 17-Sep-2009 13:18:41 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 17-Sep-2009 13:18:41 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0907520152 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32515 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 心理學研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 90752015 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 94 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 本研究的主要目的在於運用自傳式記憶的作業探討高社交焦慮者是否有記憶偏誤的現象。根據Clark和Wells（1995）的模型，高社交焦慮者在社交焦慮情境中容易把大部分的注意力集中在自身相關（self-related）的訊息上，因而造成對自身相關訊息的記憶優於外界環境訊息的現象；然而根據Repee和Heimberg（1997）的模型則假設高社交焦慮者在社交情境中會關注與負向自我評價有關的訊息，而不論該訊息是來自自身或外界環境。本研究企圖同時檢測上述兩個模型。 本研究篩選出六十四名大學生分為高社交焦慮與低社交焦慮兩組，所有受試者皆須分別回憶一件社交焦慮事件及一件中性事件，受試者被要求先在腦海中形成對該事件的影像，然後寫下有關回憶事件的詳細描述並完成記憶清晰度的評估。 研究結果得出高社交焦慮者在進行社交焦慮事件的回憶時，傾向回憶出比低社交焦慮組更多的自身相關訊息；且高社交焦慮組在回憶社交焦慮事件時比低社交焦慮組更傾向評估自身相關訊息的記憶清晰度高於外界環境訊息，研究結果較支持Clark和Well（1995）的說法。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | The purpose of the present study was to utilize the autobiographical memory task to investigate the memory bias in socially anxious individuals. According to Clark and Wells’ (1995) view, socially anxious individuals were hypothesized to preferentially allocate almost attentional resources to self-related information and remember self-related information better than external information on entering an anxiety-provoking social situation. However, according to Repee and Heimberg’ s (1997) model, they supposed that socially anxious individuals tend to focus on negative self-evaluated information regardless of it were self-related or external information. The present study tried to examine the two models simultaneously. Sixty-four undergraduate students were assigned to either high or low social-anxiety group. All subjects were asked to recall one anxiety-provoking social situation about public-speaking and another neutral situation. They were requested to form an image of the event and write a detailed description about it. They then completed rating of memory vividness for each situation. The results revealed that high social anxiety group showed to retrieve more self-related information than low social anxiety group and displayed more preferential to rate the vividness of self-related information higher than external environmental information than low social anxiety group did when recalling anxiety-provoking social situation. The result supported Clark and Wells’ s model. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒論 研究動機第二章 文獻探討 第一節 社交焦慮與認知偏誤的有關研究 第二節 自傳式記憶在研究焦慮情緒上的價值 第三節 自傳式記憶清晰度的意義與測量 第四節 高社交焦慮者的記憶清晰度 第五節 研究目的、研究架構與研究假設第三章 研究方法 第一節 研究對象 第二節 實驗作業與測量 第三節 其它研究量表 第四節 實驗步驟 第五節 資料處理第四章 研究結果 第一節 受試者的基本資料描述 第二節 情境焦慮的檢驗 第三節 訊息量的分析 第四節 記憶清晰度的分析 第五節 訊息量、記憶清晰度與情緒變項間的相關分析第五章 綜合討論 第一節 高社交焦慮者的自傳式記憶特性 第二節 訊息量、記憶清晰度與情緒間的關聯 第三節 總結 第四節 研究限制 第五節 未來研究方向參考文獻附錄一 中文版情境特質焦慮量表-情境焦慮部分附錄二 中文版情境特質焦慮量表-特質焦慮部分附錄三 中文版社交互動焦慮量表附錄四 實驗同意書附錄五 引發情境焦慮作業的指導語附錄六 自傳式記憶回憶作業的指導語附錄七 記憶清晰度評估的作答說明圖表目次圖2-1 研究架構圖表2-1 AMQ中測量自傳式記憶特性的向度表3-1實驗設計說明表3-2自身相關訊息與外界環境訊息的分類標準表3-2 (續)自身相關訊息與外界環境訊息的分類標準表3-3負向自我評價訊息的分類標準表4-1 兩組受試者在人口變項上的人數與百分比表4-2 社交互動焦慮量表得分之變異數分析摘要表表4-3 社交恐懼量表得分之變異數分析摘要表表4-4 特質焦慮量表得分之變異數分析摘要表4-5 情境焦慮量表得分之變異數分析摘要表4-6 各組受試者在社交互動焦慮量表、社交恐懼量表、特質焦慮量表以及情境焦慮量表上的平均數與標準差表4-7 組別、情境焦慮、回憶順序與事件類型對總訊息量的變異數分析摘要表表4-8 組別、情境焦慮、回憶順序與事件類型對自身相關訊息比例的變異數分析摘要表表4-9 組別、情境焦慮、回憶順序與事件類型對負向自我評價訊息比例的變異數分析摘要表表4-10 各組受試者在不同類型事件上之總訊息量與自身相關訊息比例的平均數與標準差表4-11 組別、情境焦慮、回憶順序與事件類型對記憶清晰度比值的變異數分析摘要表表4-15 各情緒變項與各類型訊息之記憶清晰度的相關分析表4-16 各情緒變項的平均數與標準差 | zh_TW |
| dc.format.extent | 43769 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 79297 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 64352 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 79860 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 94836 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 240808 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 248025 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 120966 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 141195 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 73440 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 123597 bytes | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0907520152 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 自傳式記憶 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 記憶偏誤 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 記憶清晰度 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 社交焦慮 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | autobiographical memory | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | social anxiety | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | memory bias | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | memory vividness | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 高社交焦慮者的自傳式記憶特性--關於記憶清晰度的探討 | zh_TW |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 中文部分 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 洪友雯（民93）。焦慮症患者對於情緒干擾面孔之負向促發。國立成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 楊靜芳（民92）。社交焦慮、網路社交焦慮與網路環境特性之關聯性探討。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 劉瑞楨（民87）。憂鬱者與社會焦慮者的自我關注特性--偏好性、持續性與彈性的探討。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 鍾思嘉、龍長風（民73）。修定情境與特質焦慮量表之研究。測驗年刊，31，27-36。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 英文部分 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4 th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Amir, N., Bower, E., Briks, J., & Freshman, M. (2003). Implicit memory for negative and positive social information in individuals with and without social anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 567-583. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Beck, A.T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York : New American Library. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Beck, A. T., & Emery, G. (1985). Anxiety disorder and phobias : a cognitive perspective. New York: Basic Books. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Berntsen, D. (2002). Tunnel memories for autobiographical events:central details are remembered more frequently from shocking than from happy experiences. Memory and Cognition, 30(7), 1010-1020. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brewin, C. R., Reynolds, M., & Tata, P. (1999). Autobiographical memory processes and course of depression. Journal of Abcdrmal Psychology, 108(3), 511-517. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bywaters, M., Andrade, J., & Turpin, G. (2004). Intrusive and non-intrusive memories in a non-clinical sample: the effects of mood and affect on imagery vividness. Memory, 12(4), 467-478. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cattell, R. B., & Scheier, I. H. (1963). Handbook for the IPAT Anxiety Scale. Champaign,IL: Institute for Personality and Ability Testing. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Christensen, T. C., Wood, J. V., & Barrett, L. F. (2003). Remembering everyday experience through the prism of self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(1), 51-62. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In: R. G. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp.69-93). New York: Guilford Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cloitre, M., Cancienne, J., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., & Liebowitz, M. (1995). Memory bias does not generalize aross anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 305-307. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Coles, M. E., Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., & Fresco, D. M. (2001). Effects of varying levels of anxiety within social situations: relationship to memory perspective and attributions in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 651-665. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Coles, M. E., Turk, C. L., & Heimberg, R. G.. (2002). The role of memory perspective in social phobia: immediate and delayed memories for role-played situations. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 30, 415-425. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Conway, M. A. (1990). Autobiographical memory An introduction. Milton Keynes; Philadelphia: Open University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dalgleish, T., Yiend, J., Spinks, H., & Kuyken, W. (2001). Autobiographical memory style in seasonal affective disorder and its relationship to future symptom remission. Journal of Abcdrmal Psychology, 110(2), 335-340. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dombeck, M. J., & Ingram, R. E. (1993). Cognitive conceptions of anxiety. In K. S. Dobson, & P. C. Kendall (Eds.), Psychopathology and cognition (pp.53-81). San Diego: Academic Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Egloff, B. & Hock, M. (2001). Interactive effects of state anxiety and trait anxiety on emotional stroop interference. Personality and Individual Differences,31,875-882. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Frank, M. G., & Gilovich, T. (1989). Effect of memory perspective on retrospective causal attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(3), 399-403. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gazzaniga, M. S., Ivry, R. B., & Mangun, G. R. (2002). Cognitive neuroscienc. New York: Norton & Company. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Goddard, L., Dritschel, B., & Burton, A. (2001). The effects of specific retrieval instruction on social problem-solving in depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 297-308. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hackmann, A., Surawy, C., and Clark, D. M. (1998). Seeing yourself through others’ eyes: a study of spontaneously occurring images in social phobia. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26, 3-12. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hayes, P., Conway, M. A., & Morris, P. E. (1992). Evaluating “the cognitive structure of emotions” using autobiographical memories of emotional events. In Conway, M. A., Rubin, D. C., Spinner, H. & Wagenaar, W. A. (Eds.) Theoretical perspectives on autobiographical memory (pp.353-374). Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hertel, P. T. (2002). Cognitive biases in anxiety and depression: introduction to the special issue. Cognition and Emotion, 16(3), 321-330. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hirsch, C. R. & Clark, D. M. (2004). Information-processing bias in social. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 799-825. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | van den Hout, M., Muris, P., Salemink, E., & Kindt, M. (2001). Autobiographical memories become less vivid and emotional after eye movements. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, (2), 121-130. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Jones, E. E., & Nisbett, R. E. (1987). The actor and the observer: divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior. In E. E. Jones（Ed.）, Attribution: perceiving the causes of behavior (pp.79-94). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kessler, R. C., Stein, M. B., & Berglund, P. (1998). Social phobia subtypes in the national comorbidity survey. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 613-619. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Koegh, E. & French, C. C. (1997). The effect of mood manipulation and trait anxiety on susceptibility to distraction. Personality Individual Differences, 22, 141-149. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Koegh, E. & French, C. C. (1999). The effect of trait anxiety and mood manipulation on the breadth of attention. European Journal of Personality, 13, 209-223. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Libby, L. K., & Eibach, R. P. (2002). Looking back in time: self-concept change affects visual perspective in autobiographical memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(2), 167-179. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Logan, A. C., & Goetsch, V. L. (1993). Attention to external threat cues in anxiety states. Clinical Psychological Review, 13, 541-559. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mansell, W. & Clark, D. M. (1999). How do I appear to others? Social anxiety and processing of the observable self. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 419-434. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mathews, A. & MacLeod, C. (1985). Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety state. Behavioural Research and Therapy, 23, 563-569. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mattick, R. P.,& Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behavioural Research and Therapy, 36, 455-470. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | McKelvie, S. J. (1995a). The VVIQ as a psychometric test of individual differences in visual imagery vividness: a critical quantitative review and plea for direction. Journal of mental imagery, 19(3), 1-27. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | McKelvie, S. J. (1995b). The VVIQ and beyond: vividness and its measurement. Journal of mental imagery, 19(3), 197-205. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Miller, D. T., & Porter, C. A.（1988）.Errors and biases in the attribution process. In Abramson, L.Y. (Ed.), Social cognition and clinical psychology (pp.3-30). New York, London: The Guilford Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mogg, K. M., & Bradley, B. P. (1999). Selective attention and anxiety: a cognitive-motivational perspective. In Dalgleish, T. & Power, M. (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp.145-170). Chichesler, UK: Wiley. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Musa, C., Lépine, J.-P., Clark, D. M., Mansell, W. & Ehlers, A. (2003) Selective attention in social phobia and the moderating effect of a concurrent depressive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1043–1054. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Nigro, G., & Neisser, U. (1983). Point of view in personal memories. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 467-482. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., and Menzies, R. G. (2004). Attentional bias for words and faces in social anxiety. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 17(1), 23-36. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Repee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741-756. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rapee, R. M., McCallum, S. L., Melville, L. F., Ravenscroft, H. & Rodney, J. M. (1994). Memory bias in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 89-99. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rubin, D. C. (1999). Remembering Our Past: Studies in Autobiographical Memory (pp.1-15). Cambridge University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rubin, D. C., Burt, C. D. B., & Fifield, S. J. (2003). Experimental manipulations of the phenomenology of memory. Memory & Cognition, 31,877-886. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rubin, D. C., Fromholt, P., Mortensen, D. B., Torpdahl P., Bender, L., & Larsen, P. (2003). Life-narrative and word-cued autobiographical memories in centenarians: Comparisons with 80-year-old control, depressed, and dementia groups. Memory, 11(1), 81-88. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rubin, D. C., Schrauf, R. W. and Greenberg, D. L. (2003). Belief and recollection of autobiographical memories. Memory & Cognition, 31, 887-901. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Safrer, S. A., Turk, C. L., & Heimberg, R. G. (1998). Factor structure of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 443-453. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Semin, G. R., & Smith, E. R. (1999). Revisiting the past and back to the future: memory systems and the linguistic representation of social events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(6), 877-892. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Spielberger, C. D., Sydeman, S. J., Owen, A. E., & Marsh, B. J. (1999). Measuring anxiety and anger with the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and the state-trait anger expression inventory (STAXI). In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcome assessment (pp.993-1021). Mahwan, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Talarico, J. M., Labar, K. S., & Rubin, D. C.(2004). Emotional intensity predicts autobiographical memory experience. Memory and Cognition, 32, 1118-1132. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Taylor, J. A. (1953). A personality scale of manifest anxiety. Journal of Abcdrmal and Social Psychology, 48, 285-290. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Thompson, C. P., Skowronski, J. J., Larsen, S. F., & Betz, A. (1996). Autobiographical memory : remembering what and remembering when. Mahwah, N.J. : L. Erlbaum Associates. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory. New York: Oxford University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wells, A., Clark, D. M., & Ahmad, S. (1998). How do I look with my minds eye: perspective taking in social phobic imagery. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 631-634. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wells, A., & Papageorgiou, C. (1999). The observer perspective: biased imagery in social phobia, agoraphobia, and blood/ injury phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 653-658. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wenzel, A., Jackson, L.C., Holt, C. S. (2002). Social phobia and the recall of autobiographical memories. Depression and Anxiety, 15, 186-189. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wenzel, A., Jackson, L. C., Brendle, J. R.,& Pinna, K. (2003). Autobiographical memories associated with feared stimuli in fearful and nonfearful individuals. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 16(1), 1-15. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wenzel, A., Pinna, K., & Rubin, D. C. (2004). Autobiographical memories of anxiety-related experiences. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 42, 329-341. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wenzel, A., Werner, M. M., Cochran, C. K., & Holt, C. S. (2004). A differential pattern of autobiographical memory retrieval in social phobic and nonanxious individuals. Brhavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 32, 1-13. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Williams, J. M. G., & Broadbent, K. (1986). Autobiographical memory in attempted suicide patients. Journal of Abcdrmal Psychology, 95, 144-149. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wilson, A. E., & Ross, M. (2003). The identify function of autobiographical memory: time is on our side. Memory, 11(2), 137-149. | zh_TW |
