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題名 新聞訪談提問之立足點研究
作者 俞明瑤
Ming Yao Yu
貢獻者 臧國仁
Kuo-Jen Tsang
俞明瑤
Ming Yao Yu
關鍵詞 高夫曼
立足點
角色
立場
新聞提問
廣播新聞訪談
日期 2002
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 15:46:17 (UTC+8)
摘要 論文摘要

本研究旨在根據Goffman立足點理論中之角色與立場之概念，瞭解記者如何在正式新聞訪談中藉由提問建立與受訪者之互動關係。本文以語用學有關語言行為論的角度分析提問之角色與立場，瞭解新聞訪談如何透過提問發展立足點以建立問答中的人際關係。

依「立足點相關研究」得知，所謂「立足點」意指互動中的說話者選擇面對自己與他人的說話角色與立場發展互動關係。而「角色」指說話方式，包括表演者、著作者與意見來源，而「立場」指說話位置，包括訪問者與受訪者一致或偏離等的位置。

　　研究結果發現，提問立足點之角色包含訪問者表達私人意見的「著作者」、報導事實資訊的「報導者」與傳述消息來源意見的「傳述者」，此有別於Goffman的角色分類系統。在立場分類中包含「傾向」、「中立」與「偏離」於受訪者的立場表現，而透過角色與立場的結合發展不同情境下的提問立足點，因此角色與立場兩者應為相互合作的關係。

提問立足點與訪談關係變化中，訪問者可表達「著作者傾向」立場以認同或補充受訪者的回答，此可發展彼此親近的關係。訪問者亦可以「著作偏離或對立」立場質疑受訪者觀點，藉此發展疏離的關係，或以建立受訪者人情面子的間接提問立足點來拉近互動等。

　　從本研究結果可知，提問立足點係訪問者操控與受訪者關係變化的資源，因而訪問者不再僅是中立客觀的提問角色與立場，而是可在著作意見、報導事實資訊與傳述他人意見中表達特定立場，以於認同或質疑受訪者的立場間來回移動。
參考文獻 【參考書目】
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方怡文、周慶祥(1999)。《新聞採訪理論與實務》。台北：正中。
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石麗東(1991)。《當代新聞報導》。台北：正中。　
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李茂政 (2000)。《當代新聞學》。台北：正中。　
胡幼慧主編 (1996)。《質性研究：理論、方法及本土女性研究實例》。台北：巨流。
高明凱、王安石主編 (1962)。《語言學概論》。台北：中華。
康永欽（1997）。〈記實避禍的新聞處理策略之研究〉。國立政治大新聞所碩士論文。
翁維薇（2000）。〈新聞訪問之追問研究--以模糊及迴避回答為例〉。國立政治大新聞所碩士論文。
陳原 (2001)。《語言與社會生活》。台北：台灣商務。
陳蕙芬（1999）。〈政治人物對話過程中用意行為之探究〉。中國文化大學西洋文學研究所德文組碩士論文。
陳淑欣 (2000)。〈政治言談中的人稱代詞：1998年台北市長選舉辯論中之人稱代詞使用研究〉。國立清華大學語言學研究所碩士論文。
喻靖媛 (1994)。〈記者與消息來源互動關係與新聞處理方式關聯性之研究〉。國立政治大學新聞所碩士論文。
湯池亭（1981）。〈國語疑問句的研究〉。《師大學報》, 26, 1-56。
黃光國 (1988)。《中國人的權力遊戲》。台北：巨流。
張鐘尹（1997）。〈漢語會話中的疑問句〉。台灣大學語言所碩士論文。
張瓊文(1998)。〈新聞用語中再現人際關係的語言策略：以第九屆總統直選報紙用語為例〉。國立政治大學語言所碩士論文
臧國仁 (2000)。〈關於傳播學如何教的一些想法--以「基礎新聞採寫」課為例〉，《新聞學研究》, 65, 19-56。
蔡曙山（2000）。《言語行為和語用邏輯》。北京：中國社會科學出版社。
鍾蔚文\\臧國仁\\陳百齡\\陳順孝 (1997)。〈探討記者工作的知識基礎--建立分析架構〉，中華傳播學會1997年學術研討會宣讀論文(台北縣深坑鄉：世新會館)。
謝國平 (1992)。《語言學概論》。台北：三民。
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Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an ecology of mind. New York: Ballantine.
Biagi, Shirley (1992). Interviews that work : A practical guide for journalists. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Pub.
Briggs, C. L. (1986 ). Learning how to ask--A sociolinguistic appraisal of the role of the interview in social science research. London : Cambridge University Press.
Brown, P. & Levinson, S. (1978). Universal in language usage: Politeness phenomena. In E.N. Goody (Ed.), Questions and politeness: Strategies in social interaction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Brown, G. & Yule, G. (1983). Discourse analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bull, Peter (1994). On identifying questions, replies, and non-replies in political interviews. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 13(2),115-131.
Chang, H. C. (2001). Harmony as performance: The turbulence under Chinese interpersonal communication. Discourse Studies, 3(2), 155-179.
Chung, W. W., Tsang, K. J., Chen, P. L., and Chen, S. H. (1998). Journalistic　expertise: Proposal for a research programme. Paper presented in the ICA Convention. Jerusalem, Israel, July: 20-24.
Clayman, S. E. (1992). Footing in the achievement of neutrality: the case of news interview discourse. In P. Drew & J. Heritage. Talk at work: Interaction in institutional settings.
London: Cambridge University Press.
Clayman, S. E. & J. Heritage (2002). Questioning presidents: Journalistic deference and adversarial ness in the press conferences of U.S. presidents Eisenhower and Reagan. Journal of Communication. 52(4), 749-772.
Cohen, Akiba A. (1987) The television news interview. CA: Sage Publications.
Collins, R. (1988). Theoretical continuities in Goffman’s work. In P. Drew & A. Wotton (Eds.), Erving Goffman: Exploring the interaction order. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.
De Fina, Anna (1995). Pronominal choice, identity and solidarity in political discourse. Text(15)3: 679-710.
Dickerson, P. ( 2001). Disputing with care: Analyzing interviewee’s treatment interviewers prior turns in televised political interviews. Discourse Studies, 3(2) , 203-222.
Dillon, J. T . (1990). The practice of questioning. London: Routledge.
Drew, P. & J. Heritage. (1992). Talk at work: Interaction in institutional settings. London: Cambridge University Press.
Drew, P. & Sorjonen, Marja-Leena. (1997). Institutional dialogue. In Teun A.van Dijk (Ed.), Discourse as Social Interaction, 2, 92-118.
Fairclough, N. (1995). Media discourse. London: Edward Arnold.
Freed, Alice F. (1994). The form and function of questions in informal dyadic conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 21, 621-644.
Geis, M. L. (1995). Speech acts and conversational interaction. London: Cambridge University Press.
Georgakopoulou, A. (2001). Arguing about the future: On indirect disagreements in conversations. Journal of Pragmatics, 33, 1881-1900.
Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday.
Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual: Essays on the face to face behavior. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis : an essay on the organization of experience Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
Goffman, E. (1981). Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Goody, E. N. (1978). Questions and politeness : Strategies in social interaction. London: Cambridge University Press.
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics, 3( Speech acts). New York: Academic Press.
Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse strategies . London: Cambridge University Press.
Gumperz, J. J. (1992a). Contextualization revisited. In Peter Auer & Aldo Di Luzio (Eds.), The Contextulization of language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Gumperz, J. J. (1992b). Contextualization and understanding. In A. Duranti & C. Goodwin (Eds.), Rethinking context (pp.229-252). London: Cambridge University Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1985). An introduction to functional grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
Hamel, J., Dufour, S., & Fortin, D. (1993). Case study methods. Newbury. Park, CA: Sage
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Hanks, W. F. (1996). Language and communicative practices. Chicago: Westview.
Hasan, R. (1995). The conception of context in text. In P.H. Fries & M. Gregory (Eds.), Discourse in society: Systematic functional perspectives (pp.183-283).Norwood NJ: Albex.
Harris, S. (1989). Defendant resistance to power and control in court. In Hywel Coleman (Ed.), Working with language. Berlin: Monton de Gruyter.
Heller, Monica. (1988). Code-switching: Anthropological and sociolinguistic perspectives. Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter.
Heritage, J. C. & Greatbatch, D. L. (1993). On the institutional character of institutional talk: The case of news interviews. In D. Boden & D. Zimmerman (Eds.), Talk and social structure--Studies in ethnomethdology and conversation analysis. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.
Heritage, J. C. & Roth, A. L. (1995). Grammar and institution: Questions and questioning in the broadcast news interview. Research on Language & Social Interaction, 28(1), 1-60.
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Sperber, D. & Wilson, D. (1986). Relevance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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van Dijk, T. A. (1997). Discourse as social interaction. London: SAGE Publications.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
新聞研究所
88451013
91
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0088451013
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 臧國仁zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Kuo-Jen Tsangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 俞明瑤zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Ming Yao Yuen_US
dc.creator (作者) 俞明瑤zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Ming Yao Yuen_US
dc.date (日期) 2002en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 15:46:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 15:46:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 15:46:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0088451013en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33198-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 88451013zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 論文摘要

本研究旨在根據Goffman立足點理論中之角色與立場之概念，瞭解記者如何在正式新聞訪談中藉由提問建立與受訪者之互動關係。本文以語用學有關語言行為論的角度分析提問之角色與立場，瞭解新聞訪談如何透過提問發展立足點以建立問答中的人際關係。

依「立足點相關研究」得知，所謂「立足點」意指互動中的說話者選擇面對自己與他人的說話角色與立場發展互動關係。而「角色」指說話方式，包括表演者、著作者與意見來源，而「立場」指說話位置，包括訪問者與受訪者一致或偏離等的位置。

　　研究結果發現，提問立足點之角色包含訪問者表達私人意見的「著作者」、報導事實資訊的「報導者」與傳述消息來源意見的「傳述者」，此有別於Goffman的角色分類系統。在立場分類中包含「傾向」、「中立」與「偏離」於受訪者的立場表現，而透過角色與立場的結合發展不同情境下的提問立足點，因此角色與立場兩者應為相互合作的關係。

提問立足點與訪談關係變化中，訪問者可表達「著作者傾向」立場以認同或補充受訪者的回答，此可發展彼此親近的關係。訪問者亦可以「著作偏離或對立」立場質疑受訪者觀點，藉此發展疏離的關係，或以建立受訪者人情面子的間接提問立足點來拉近互動等。

　　從本研究結果可知，提問立足點係訪問者操控與受訪者關係變化的資源，因而訪問者不再僅是中立客觀的提問角色與立場，而是可在著作意見、報導事實資訊與傳述他人意見中表達特定立場，以於認同或質疑受訪者的立場間來回移動。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 章節目錄

第一章、語言、角色與社會互動的啟示
1.1 研究動機……………………………………..……………………..…………..2
1.2 記者提問相關研究整理……………………………………………..………...3
1.3 問題意識……………………………………………………………..………...7
1.4 本章小結…………………………………………………………….………..10

第二章、文獻探討—「立足點」與「新聞提問」之探討
2.1 立足點概念……………………………………………………………………11
2.2 立足點之語用學觀點…………………………………………………………17
2.3 新聞訪談情境與記者提問立足點之關聯性………………………………....31
2.4本章小結.………………………………………………………………………37

第三章、研究方法
3.1 研究問題………………………………………………………………….…..40
3.2 研究架構…..………………………………………………………….………41　　
3.3 研究概念定義…………………………………………….…………………..41
3.4 研究方法………………………………………………….………….……….47
3.5分析單位………………………………………………….…………….…..…53
3.6 研究步驟說明…………………………………………….…………….….…55
3.7 前測分析………………………………………….………….………….……58
3.8本章小結…………………………………………….……….…………….….65

第四章、資料蒐集與分析
4.1 研究問題簡述……………………………………….………………………66
4.2 研究個案背景說明………………………………….………………………66
4.3 個案分析說明………………………………………..………………………68
4.4 本章小結……………………………………………..……………………..101

第五章 結論與研究建議
5.1研究摘要………………………………………………………………….102
5.2 研究發現說明……………………………………………………………103
5.3 研究命題建立……………………………………………………………115
5.4 研究架構的修正………………………………………………………….118
5.5 研究意涵討論…………………………………………………………….119
5.6 研究建議………………………………………………………………….128
5.7 研究限制………………………………………………………………….133

參考書目 ………………………………………………………………………..136

附錄……………………………………………………………………………….144		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0088451013en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高夫曼zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 立足點zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 角色zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 立場zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新聞提問zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 廣播新聞訪談zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 新聞訪談提問之立足點研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【參考書目】zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 方怡文、周慶祥(1999)。《新聞採訪理論與實務》。台北：正中。zh_TW
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