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題名 從傑克•戴維斯的《頭生兒三部曲》中看澳洲原住民生存的毅力
Indigenous Australians’ Persistence in Survival in Jack Davis’s The First Born Trilogy
作者 邵姵蓉
Shao,Pei Jung
貢獻者 姜翠芬
Jiang,Tsui Fen
邵姵蓉
Shao,Pei Jung
關鍵詞 傑克•戴維斯
《頭生兒三部曲》
澳洲原住民
時空型
記憶場域
Jack Davis
The First Born Trilogy
Indigenous Australians
The chronotope
lieux de mémoire
日期 2007
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 16:18:26 (UTC+8)
摘要 澳洲原住民已經生存在澳洲大陸長達四萬年。他們有著自成一套的宗教系統、神話、風俗習慣、語言和藝術，遵循著使人和自然都共榮的生存方式。但是，由於白人的入侵，企圖強占他們的土地，使得澳洲原住民幾乎要絕滅。在大規模的屠殺和白人從歐洲帶來的傳染病流行之下，原住民的人口急遽減少，連他們的文化都受到威脅。因此，原住民成為澳洲社會中被邊緣化的少數族群。
因此，此篇論文要援引巴赫汀（Mikhail Bakhtin）提出的「時空型」的概念、法國史學家納拉（Pierre Nora）對於記憶的看法及相關的原住民文化，去探討傑克•戴維斯在《頭生兒三部曲》中，顯示出白澳社會對於原住民的壓迫及原住民在重建文化記憶和原住民本質的強化之下，所表現出來生存的毅力。第一章包含了白人和澳洲原住民接觸的歷史背景、傑克•戴維斯及其劇作的簡介，其他評論家對於《頭生兒三部曲》的評論。第二章中，我要援引巴赫汀的「時空型」的概念來討論在白人政府的壓迫之下，原住民所處嚴酷的社會環境及原住民弱勢的社會地位給原住民帶來的影響。第三章則援用納拉對於記憶的論點來分析戴維斯藉由說故事、舞蹈和夢境來創造「記憶場域」（lieux de mémoire）以保留原住民對於其文化的記憶。第四章則是探討原住民本質所帶來的能力增強。藉由此能力強化，原住民得到了對抗白人迫害的力量，且可以為自己發聲。第五章則是為前四章所論做總結。
Indigenous Australians have lived in Australia for 40,000 years. They develop their own system of religion and mythology, social conventions, language and arts, observing a life that can make both the environment and human beings prosperous. But Aboriginals are driven to extinction by the White who intend to possess their land. Because of large scale of massacres and diseases, both the number of Aboriginal population and their culture are endangered. Indigenous Australians become the marginalized minority in Australian society.
Therefore, with the reference to Mikhail Bakhtin’s idea of the chronotope, Pierre Nora’s concept of memory and related Aboriginal culture, this thesis aims to discuss that Jack Davis, in The First Born trilogy, presents the oppression of White Australian society to Aboriginal people and displays Aboriginals’ persistence in survival through the reconstruction of Aboriginal memory and the empowerment of Aboriginality. Chapter One includes the general historical background of the contact between the White and Aboriginals, the introduction to Jack Davis and his plays, and the criticism on Davis’s trilogy. In Chapter Two, I take advantage of Bakhtin’s idea of the chronotope to discuss the severe social environment of indigenous Australians who are oppressed by the White Australian government and the social consequences of Aboriginals’ disadvantaged position in society. Chapter Three aims to utilize Pierre Nora’s concept of memory to analyze that Davis, through stories, dances, and dream visions, creates lieux de mémoire to preserve Aboriginal memory. Chapter Four concentrates on the empowerment of Aboriginality, which offers a subversive force for Aboriginals to fight against the White persecution and have their voice heard. Chapter Five is the concluding chapter to wrap up these three plays.
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Akerholt, May-Brit. “New Stages: Contemporary Theatre.” The Cambridge Companion to Australian Literature. Ed. Elizabeth Webby. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. 209-231.
Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures. New York: Routledge, 1989.
“Australia Apology to Aborigines.” BBC News 13 February 2008. 26 February 2008 < http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7241965.stm >.
Baglin, Douglass and David R. Moore. People of the Dreamtime: the Australian Aborigines. New York: Walker/Weatherhill, 1970.
Bakhtin, M. M. “Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel.” The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Tex.: U of Texas P, 1996. 84-258.
Barrie, Cecily M. “Native Earth Performing Arts.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. April 19 2008 <http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0011636>.
Benjamin, Walter. “The Storyteller.” Illuminations: Essays and Reflections. Ed. Hannah Arendt. Trans. Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken, 1985. 83-109.
Bergamini, David. The Land and Wild-life of Australia. New York: Time-Life Bk., 1969.
Berndt, Ronald M. “A Profile of Good and Bad in Australian Aboriginal Religion.” Religious Business: Essays on Australian Aboriginal Spirituality. Ed. Max Charlesworth. Cambridge UP, 1998. 24-45.
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Brasher, Brenda E. Introduction. Encyclopedia of Fundamentalism. Ed. Brenda E. Brasher. New York: Routledge, 2001. xv-xviii.
Bruch, Debra. “The Australian Aborigines’ Struggle against Authority: An Historical Perspective on Government, Military, and a Corrupted Christianity in Jack Davis’s No Sugar.” The Journal of Religion and Theatre 5.1 (2006): 51-60.
Carroll, Dennis. “Some Defining Characteristics of Australian Aboriginal Drama.” Modern Drama 40.1 (Spring 1997): 100-11.
Caplan, Betty. “Murder under the Sun.” New Statesman & Society 1.3 (Jun 24, 1988): 46.
Chesson, Keith. Jack Davis: A Life-story. Melbourne: Dent, 1988.
Clarke, Philip A. “Indigenous Spirit and Ghost Folklore of ‘Settled’ Australia.” Folklore 118.2 (2007): 141-161.
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Crane, Ralph J. “Out of the Center: Thoughts on the Post-colonial Literatures of Australia and New Zealand.” Postcolonial Discourses: An Anthology. Ed. Gregory Castle. Mass.: Blackwell, 2001. 390-98.
“Crime and Justice: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Contact with the Law.” Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 October 2007 <http://www.abs.gov.au>.
Crow, Brian. “Jack Davis and the Drama of Aboriginal History.” An Introduction to Post-colonial Theatre. Ed. Brian Crow and Chris Banfield. NY: Cambridge UP, 1996. 61-77.
Davis, Jack. No Sugar. The Wadsworth Anthology of Drama. Ed. W.B. Worthen. Boston, Mass.: Thomson Wadsworth, 2004. 1498-1532.
---. The Dreamers. Kullark and The Dreamers. Ed. Katharine Brisbane. Australia: Currency Press, 1984. 67-139.
---. Barungin (Smell the Wind). Ed. Katharine Brisbane. Australia: Currency Press, 1989.
Dibble, Brian and Margaret Macintyre. "Looking at Them Looking at Us: Jack Davis`s No Sugar?" Australia in the World: Perceptions and Possibilities. Ed. Don Grant. W.A.: Black Swan P, 1994. 41-44.
Dingo, Ernie. “‘Breaking the Rules of Theatre’: Discovering Aboriginality through Performance.” Jack Davis: The Maker of History. Ed. Gerry Turcotte. Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1994. 72-8.
Elder, Arlene A. “Self, Other, and Post-Historical Identity in Three Plays by Jack Davis.” The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 25.1 (1990): 204-215.
Elkin, A. P. The Australian Aborigines: How to Understand Them. Sydney: Augus and Robertson, 1968.
Fanon, Frantz. “On National Culture.” The Wretched of the Earth. Trans. Constance Farrington. New York: Grove Press, 1963. 206-248.
“Full Text: Apology to Aborigines.” BBC News 12 February 2008. 26 February 2008 < http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7242057.stm >.
Gilbert, Helen. “Historical Re-presentation: Performance and Counter-discourse in Jack Davis`s Drama.” New Literatures Review 19 (Summer 1990): 91-101.
---. Sightline: Race, Gender, and Nation in Contemporary Australian Theatre. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1998.
Gilbert, Helen and Joanne Tompkins ed. Post-colonial Drama: Theory, Practice Politics. NY: Routledge, 1996.
Glenn, Lane A. “Angles in America.” Drama for Students. Ed. David Galens. Vol. 5. Detroit: The Gale Group, 1998. 23-27.
Howard, Michael C. Introduction. Aboriginal Power in Australian Society. Ed. Michael C. Howard. Honolulu: U of Hawaii P, 1982. 1-13.
Ingram, Robin, ed. Australia for the Record. Australia: Gore & Osment Publications, 1994.
Irwin-Zarecka, Iwona. Frames of Remembrance: The Dynamic of Collective Memory. New Brunswick and London: Tranaction Publishers, 1994.
Isaacs, Jennifer ed. Australian Dreaming: 40,000 Years of Aboriginal History. Australia: Lansdowne, 1996.
Jackson, Gary and Claire Smith. “Living and Learning on Aboriginal Lands: Decolonizing Archaeology in Practice.” Indigenous Archaeologies: Decolonizing Theory and Practice. Ed. Claire Smith and H. Martin Wobst. London and N.Y.: Routledge, 2005. 328-51.
Knudsen, Eva Rask. “Death of the Author—Rebirth of the Storyteller.” The Circle & the Spiral: a Study of Australian Aboriginal and New Zealand Māori Literature. New York : Rodopi, 2004. 33-67.
Lavarch, Michael. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. Bring Them Home: Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families. 1997. 19 January 2008 <http://www.humanrights.gov.au/>.
Lawlor, Robert. Voices of the First Day: Awakening in the Aboriginal Dreamtime. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions International, Ltd., 1991.
Macintyre, Stuart. A Concise History of Australia. New York: Cambridge UP, 1999.
Maufort, Marc. “‘Listen to them cry out from their dreaming’: Black Inside and the Search for an Aboriginal Stage Aesthetic.” Antipodes 20.1( Jun 2006): 56-63.
McKnight, David. From Hunting to Drinking: the Devastating Effects of Alcohol on an Australian Aboriginal Community. London and N.Y.: Routledge, 2002.
Morrissey, Philip. "Aboriginal Writing." The Oxford Companion to Aboriginal Art and Culture. Ed. Sylvia Kleinert. Melbourne: Oxford UP, 2000. 313-320.
Morson, Gary Saul and Caryl Emerson. Mikhail Bakhtin: Creation of a Prosaics. California: Stanford UP, 1990.
Mudrooroo, Narogin and Milli Milli Wangka. The Indigenous Literature of Australia. Canberra: Hyland House P, 1999.
“National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2002.” Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 October 2007 <http://www.abs.gov.au>.
Nelson, Emmanuel S. “Literature against History: An Approach to Australian Aboriginal Writing.” World Literature Today 64.1 (1990): 30-34.
Nora, Pierre. “Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire.” Representation 26 (1989): 7-24.
Olubas, Brigitta. “Jack Davis.” Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 325: Australian Writers, 1975-2000. Ed. Selina Samuels and Luisa Web B. A Bruccoli Clark Book. Gale, 2006. 59-64. Literature Resource Center. 27 October 2007 <http://muse.lib.nccu.edu.tw:9797/com/galegroup>.
O’Meally, Robert and Genevieve Fabre. Introduction. History and Memory in African-American Culture. Ed. Robert O’meally and Genevieve Fabre. N.Y.: Oxford UP, 1994. 3-17.
Pitty, Roderic. “Brewarrina Riot: the Hidden History.” Australasian Legal Information Institute. 19 January 2008 < http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AboriginalLB/1994/51.html >.
Reay, Marie. “The Background of Alien Impact.” Aboriginal Man in Australia: Essays in Honor of Emeritus Professor A. P. Elkin. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1968. 377-395.
“Religion.” Wikipedia. 2 May 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion>.
Shoemaker, Adam. “Paper Tracks: Indigenous Literatures in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.” New National and Post-colonial Literatures. Ed. Bruce King. London: Clarendon P, 1996. 243-262.
---. “‘The Real Australian Story’: An Interview with Jack Davis.” Jack Davis: The Maker of History. Ed. Gerry Turcotte. Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1994. 22-47.
Smith, Claire. Country, Kin and Culture: Survival of an Australian Aboriginal Community. Aust.: Wakefield Press, 2004.
“Spiderwoman Theater.” Amerinda INC. (American Indian Artist INC.) April 19 2008 < http://www.amerinda.org/naar/spiderwoman/spiderwoman.htm>.
Swain, Tony. A Place for Strangers: Towards a History of Australian Aboriginal Being. Cambridge UP, 1993.
---. “A Bicentenary of the Study of Australian Aboriginal Religions.” Religion 21.1 (1991): 165-95.
Tompkins, Joanne. “Oral Culture, Theatre, Text: Jack Davis’s Plays.” Jack Davis: The Maker of History. Ed. Gerry Turcotte. Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1994. 48-59.
Turcotte, Gerry. "Jack Davis." Writers in Action: The Writer`s Choice Evenings. Ed. Gerry Turcotte. Sydney: Currency P, 1990. 181-202.
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Wertsch, James V. Voices of Collective Remembering. New York: Cambridge UP, 2002.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學研究所
94551001
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094551001
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 姜翠芬zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Jiang,Tsui Fenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邵姵蓉zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Shao,Pei Jungen_US
dc.creator (作者) 邵姵蓉zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Shao,Pei Jungen_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 16:18:26 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 16:18:26 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 16:18:26 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094551001en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33335-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英國語文學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94551001zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 澳洲原住民已經生存在澳洲大陸長達四萬年。他們有著自成一套的宗教系統、神話、風俗習慣、語言和藝術，遵循著使人和自然都共榮的生存方式。但是，由於白人的入侵，企圖強占他們的土地，使得澳洲原住民幾乎要絕滅。在大規模的屠殺和白人從歐洲帶來的傳染病流行之下，原住民的人口急遽減少，連他們的文化都受到威脅。因此，原住民成為澳洲社會中被邊緣化的少數族群。
因此，此篇論文要援引巴赫汀（Mikhail Bakhtin）提出的「時空型」的概念、法國史學家納拉（Pierre Nora）對於記憶的看法及相關的原住民文化，去探討傑克•戴維斯在《頭生兒三部曲》中，顯示出白澳社會對於原住民的壓迫及原住民在重建文化記憶和原住民本質的強化之下，所表現出來生存的毅力。第一章包含了白人和澳洲原住民接觸的歷史背景、傑克•戴維斯及其劇作的簡介，其他評論家對於《頭生兒三部曲》的評論。第二章中，我要援引巴赫汀的「時空型」的概念來討論在白人政府的壓迫之下，原住民所處嚴酷的社會環境及原住民弱勢的社會地位給原住民帶來的影響。第三章則援用納拉對於記憶的論點來分析戴維斯藉由說故事、舞蹈和夢境來創造「記憶場域」（lieux de mémoire）以保留原住民對於其文化的記憶。第四章則是探討原住民本質所帶來的能力增強。藉由此能力強化，原住民得到了對抗白人迫害的力量，且可以為自己發聲。第五章則是為前四章所論做總結。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Indigenous Australians have lived in Australia for 40,000 years. They develop their own system of religion and mythology, social conventions, language and arts, observing a life that can make both the environment and human beings prosperous. But Aboriginals are driven to extinction by the White who intend to possess their land. Because of large scale of massacres and diseases, both the number of Aboriginal population and their culture are endangered. Indigenous Australians become the marginalized minority in Australian society.
Therefore, with the reference to Mikhail Bakhtin’s idea of the chronotope, Pierre Nora’s concept of memory and related Aboriginal culture, this thesis aims to discuss that Jack Davis, in The First Born trilogy, presents the oppression of White Australian society to Aboriginal people and displays Aboriginals’ persistence in survival through the reconstruction of Aboriginal memory and the empowerment of Aboriginality. Chapter One includes the general historical background of the contact between the White and Aboriginals, the introduction to Jack Davis and his plays, and the criticism on Davis’s trilogy. In Chapter Two, I take advantage of Bakhtin’s idea of the chronotope to discuss the severe social environment of indigenous Australians who are oppressed by the White Australian government and the social consequences of Aboriginals’ disadvantaged position in society. Chapter Three aims to utilize Pierre Nora’s concept of memory to analyze that Davis, through stories, dances, and dream visions, creates lieux de mémoire to preserve Aboriginal memory. Chapter Four concentrates on the empowerment of Aboriginality, which offers a subversive force for Aboriginals to fight against the White persecution and have their voice heard. Chapter Five is the concluding chapter to wrap up these three plays.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………..iii
Chinese Abstract…………………………………………………………………………viii
English Abstract…………………………………………………………………………..ix

Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………………………………...…….1
1.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………..1
1.2 The Dramatist: Jack Davis……………………………………………4
1.3 Plot Summary: The Dreamers……………………………………......7
1.4 Plot Summary: No Sugar…………………………………………......8
1.5 Plot Summary: Barungin (Smell the Wind)………………………..…9
1.6 Literature Review…………………………………………………...10
1.7 Purposes……………………………………………………………..16
1.8 Theoretical Framework……………………………………………..18
1.9 Chapter Layout……………………………………………………...20

Chapter 2 The Chronotope…………………………………………………………22
2.1 Introduction………………………………………………………....22
2.2 The chronotope of No Sugar (the 1930s)…………………………...23
A. Government policies……………………………………………..23
B. The economic status……………………………………………...28
C. The justice system………………………………………………..33
D. Religion………………………………………………………….38
2.3 The chronotope of The Dreamers and Barungin (the 1980s)………..40
A. The economic status……………………………………………..41
B. Social problems…………………………………………………..43
C. The crime rate……….………………………………………...…45
D. Religion………………………………………………………….50

Chapter 3 Reconstructing Aboriginal Memory…………………………………...55
3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………55
3.2 The fading away of Aboriginal memory……………………………56
3.3 Reconstructing Aboriginal memory………………………………...60
A. Stories as lieux de mémoire……………………………………...62
B. Dances as lieux de mémoire……………………………………...69
C. Dream visions as lieux de mémoire……………………………...72
3.4 Conclusion…………………………………………………………..75
Chapter 4 Aboriginality as Empowerment………………………………………..77
4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………77
4.2 Traditional Aboriginal religion as empowerment…………………...78
4.3 Aboriginal ethnicity as empowerment………………………………84
4.4 Music as empowerment……………………………………………..94
4.5 The Aboriginal language as empowerment.………………..……….98
4.6 Conclusion…………………………………………………………100

Chapter 5 Conclusion……………………………………………………………...101

Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………..…106		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094551001en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 傑克•戴維斯zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 《頭生兒三部曲》zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 澳洲原住民zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 時空型zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 記憶場域zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Jack Davisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The First Born Trilogyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Indigenous Australiansen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The chronotopeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) lieux de mémoireen_US
dc.title (題名) 從傑克•戴維斯的《頭生兒三部曲》中看澳洲原住民生存的毅力zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Indigenous Australians’ Persistence in Survival in Jack Davis’s The First Born Trilogyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “Aboriginal.” Oxford English Dictionary Online. 2007. Oxford UP. 27 October 2007 < http:// www. oed.com.tw.>.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Akerholt, May-Brit. “New Stages: Contemporary Theatre.” The Cambridge Companion to Australian Literature. Ed. Elizabeth Webby. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. 209-231.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures. New York: Routledge, 1989.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “Australia Apology to Aborigines.” BBC News 13 February 2008. 26 February 2008 < http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7241965.stm >.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baglin, Douglass and David R. Moore. People of the Dreamtime: the Australian Aborigines. New York: Walker/Weatherhill, 1970.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bakhtin, M. M. “Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel.” The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Tex.: U of Texas P, 1996. 84-258.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barrie, Cecily M. “Native Earth Performing Arts.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. April 19 2008 <http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0011636>.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Benjamin, Walter. “The Storyteller.” Illuminations: Essays and Reflections. Ed. Hannah Arendt. Trans. Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken, 1985. 83-109.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bergamini, David. The Land and Wild-life of Australia. New York: Time-Life Bk., 1969.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Berndt, Ronald M. “A Profile of Good and Bad in Australian Aboriginal Religion.” Religious Business: Essays on Australian Aboriginal Spirituality. Ed. Max Charlesworth. Cambridge UP, 1998. 24-45.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---. “Australian Aborigines: Research and Welfare.” Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 57.1 (1974): 1-8.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brasher, Brenda E. Introduction. Encyclopedia of Fundamentalism. Ed. Brenda E. Brasher. New York: Routledge, 2001. xv-xviii.zh_TW
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