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題名 論述的眾生相:《尤利西斯》中女性角色主體光譜之研究
Multiple Discursive Lives: A Spectrum of Women`s Subjectivities in Ulysses
作者 黃郁珺
Huang, Yu-chun
貢獻者 曾麗玲
Tseng, Li-ling
黃郁珺
Huang, Yu-chun
關鍵詞 《尤利西斯》
喬伊斯
傅柯
論述
女性主體性
光譜
Ulysses
Joyce, James
Foucault, Michel
discourse
female subjectivities
spectrum
日期 2005
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 16:19:06 (UTC+8)
摘要 本篇論文的目的在於討論詹姆斯˙喬伊斯(James Joyce)的小說《尤利西斯》(Ulysses)中對女性角色的描摹與傅柯(Michel Foucault)思想中所關切的議題:論述(discourse)、知識與權力、個體主體性之間的相互作用,並且論證喬伊斯的小說充分落實及展演傅柯的理論表述。透過研究小說中女性角色以何種形貌出現在1904年的都柏林與思考他們如何被形塑成為其樣貌,我發現喬伊斯呈現出一道女性主體之光譜,在此光譜中,不同女性角色面對著論述力量的運作,映照出不同程度的個體主體性。更重要的是,喬伊斯對這些角色的處理預示了傅柯念茲在茲的獨立且自決的個體主體性能夠出現的可能。本論文的第一、二章著重討論論述的規範化(normalization)機制,憑藉規範化的技術,任何特定的言說論述得以確立合法性地位,並且於已被規範化的個體身上展現其權力效應(power-effect)。第一章論證愛爾蘭國族主義的論述展現如同傅柯理論中所探討的論述之規範化力量,控制並且充分利用小說的太陽神牛(“Oxen of the Sun”)該章中的產婦普里福伊太太(Mrs Purefoy)之馴服的身體,本章的討論說明,龐大論述的網絡中女性個體主體性的完全臣服且消匿無蹤。第二章藉由格蒂(Gerty)與二位奧蒙德飯店酒吧的女侍(Ormond barmaids)與論述言說的互動,討論個體主體性形成的過程所涉及到論述力量的影響,論述施加於此三位角色身上的既是個體化(individualization)的力量又同時發揮規範化的效果。第三章的討論落實傅柯對「真理」(truth)不證自明的真實性(truthfulness)的質疑和批判。莫莉(Molly)在小說最終章的獨語,表現出她面對論述力量宰制時足以獨立思考且批判的主體性,就此而言,喬伊斯對莫莉的處理合乎傅柯對個體獨立的主體性之期待。這樣的光譜式研究,目的並非在於塑造個體主體性的刻板典型(stereotype),而是將此一光譜視為個體主體性出現的種種可能性與可行的面貌。藉由喬伊斯小說與傅柯理論的對話,我期望《尤利西斯》中女性角色的主體性這道光譜,能夠於討論個體主體性之相關議題時,提供某種程度上可行的解決之道。
The goal of my thesis is to argue that Joyce’s portrayal of the female characters in Ulysses fleshes out Foucault’s theoretical formulation of the interplay of discourse, power and knowledge, and individual subjectivity. Studying the appearances of the female citizens in 1904’s Dublin and how they are shaped into such appearances, I argue that Joyce’s characterization demonstrates Foucauldian distrust of the discursively elaborated truth (truthful knowledge) and anxiety about the encompassing exercise of power and discourse functioning in an individual’s sense of self and subjectivity. More importantly, Joyce envisions a spectrum of subjectivities in his delineation of these Irishwomen—the spectrum that expresses distinct degrees of subjectivities formed in different individuals in the face of various discursive practices incessantly entrenching and shaping their lives. In this spectrum, Joyce also prefigures the actualization of Foucauldian struggle for the coming about of a self-determined and autonomous subjectivity in an individual against the ubiquitous discursive dominations.
Chapter One and Two focus on the normalization mechanism of discourse and the discursive power-effect achieved in the individual. In Chapter One, the discussion is to demonstrate how the discourse of Irish nationalism incorporates what Foucault theorizes about the normalizing technologies by means of which a specific discourse attains its discursive effect and exerts coercion upon the individual. The lying-in Mrs Purefoy in “Oxen of the Sun” represents the subjection and omni-disappearance of the individual’s subjectivity within the discursive network. Chapter Two stresses the simultaneously individualizing and normalizing forces of discursive power concerning the making of an individual subjectivity. With their interactive gestures and responses to discourses, Gerty and the two Ormond barmaids seem to have attained the individual identity of her own, whereas the presumable individuality of theirs is still enveloped in the process of normalization. Foucault’s critical attitude towards the “truthfulness” of the so-called truth and the neutrality of any seemingly truthful knowledge finds a counterpart in Molly’s soliloquy in “Penelope”—the finale of Ulysses. Discourse as a construct on which Foucault insists is incorporated in the interrogative attitude that Molly has towards the ostensibly neutral discursive statements. Molly’s actions and thoughts register her subversive and resistant gestures towards the imposing discursive practices. She would epitomize the possible actualization of the Foucauldian prospect of an autonomous and self-determined subjectivity taking form in the individual. From the omni-subjection of an individual to the individuality within normalization and to the coming forth of the individual’s subjectivity, my discussions of Mrs Purefoy, of Gerty and the two Ormond barmaids, and of Molly comprise a spectrum showing distinct power-effect demonstrated respectively in these women through discursive practice. My study does not intend to stereotype the result of discursive practice imposed upon these women by locating these female characters in such a spectrum of subjectivities. Rather, I see the spectrum as a multiplicity of subjectivities taking shape in distinct individuals confronted with discourse and power. In addition to sharing the similar insight with Foucault, Joyce rather has the vision, prior to Foucault’s theorizing, in which the Foucauldian anticipation of the liberation from the regime of discourse is made possible. The enormous pressure facing today’s people in the forming of subjectivity is definitely the normalizing power, the imposing discursive knowledge as truth, and the power-effect which shapes individuals’ life without being discerned. It is to be hoped that the correspondence between Joyce’s characterization and Foucault’s critical concerns could propose a practicable solution to the issue of individual subjectivity.
參考文獻 Adams, Robert Martin. James Joyce: Common Sense and Beyond. NY: Random House, 1966.
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Blamires, Harry. The New Bloomsday Book: A Guide Through Ulysses: Revised Edition Keyed to the Corrected Text. 2nd ed. 1988. London: Routledge, 1990.
Brooker, Peter. A Concise Glossary of Cultural Theory. NY: Oxford UP, 1999.
Cixous Hélène. The Exile of James Joyce. Trans. Sally A. J. Purcell. NY: D. Lewis, 1972.
Colum, Mary. “The Confession of James Joyce.” James Joyce: the Critical Heritage. Ed. Robert H. Deming. London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1970. 231-34.
Deleuze, Gilles. Foucault. Trans. Sean Hand. London: the Athlone Press, 1988.
Devlin, Kimberly J. “Pretending in ‘Penelope’: Masquerade, Mimicry, and Molly Bloom.” Molly Blooms: A Polylogue on “Penelope” and Cultural Studies. Ed. Richard Pearce. Madison: Wisconsin UP, 1994. 80-102.
Duffy, Enda. “Interesting States: Birthing and the Nation in ‘Oxen of the Sun’.” Ulysses En-Gendered Perspectives: Eighteen New Essays on the Episodes. Ed. Kimberly J. Devlin and Marilyn Reizbaum. Columbia: South Carolina UP, 1999. 210-28.
Ellis, Havelock. Sex in relation to society. 1910. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company, 1928. Vol. 6 of Studies in the Psychology of Sex. 7 vols. 1920-33.
French, Marilyn. The Book as Word: James Joyce’s “Ulysses”. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1976.
Foucault, Michel. The Archaeology of Knowledge. 1969. Trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith. NY: Pantheon, 1972.
---. The Care of the Self. 1984. Trans. Robert Hurley. NY: Pantheon, 1986. NY: Vintage, 1988. Vol. 3 of The History of Sexuality. 3 vols.
---. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. 1975. Trans. Alan Sheridan. NY: Pantheon, 1977.
---. “The Ethics of the Concern of the Self as A Practice of Freedom.” 1984. Trans. P. Aranov and D. McGrawth. Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth. NY: New Press, 1997. 281-301. Vol. 1 of Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984. Ed. Paul Rabinow. Trans. Robert Hurley. 3 vols. 1997-2000.
---. The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction. 1976. Trans. Robert Hurley. NY: Pantheon, 1978. NY: Vintage, 1990.
---. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. 1961. Trans. Richard Howard. NY: Random House, 1965. NY: Vintage, 1988.
---. “The Order of Discourse.” 1970. Trans. Rupert Swyer. Untying the Text: A Post-Structuralist Reader. Ed. Robert Young. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981. 48-78.
---. “Polemics, Politics, and Problematizations: An Interview with Michel Foucault.” 1984. Trans. Lydia Davis. Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth. NY: New Press, 1997. 111-19. Vol. 1 of Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984. Ed. Paul Rabinow. Trans. Robert Hurley. 3 vols. 1997-2000.
---. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writing 1972-1977. Ed. Colin Gordon. Trans. Colin Gordon et al. Brighton: Harvester, 1980.
---. “Sexuality and Solitude.” 1982. On Signs: A Semiotic Reader. Ed. Marshall Blonsky. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1985. 365-72.
---. “Society Must Be Defended”: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-76. Trans. David Macey. Eds. Mauro Bertani and Alessandro Fontana. NY: Picador, 1997.
---. “The Subject and Power.” Afterword. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Ed. Hubert L. Dreyfus and Paul Rabinow. Brighton: Harvester, 1982. 208-26.
---. “Technologies of the Self.” Eds. Luther H. Martin, Huck Gutman, and Patrick H. Hutton. London: Tavistock, 1988. 16-49.
---. The Use of Pleasure. 1984. Trans. Robert Hurley. NY: Pantheon, 1985. NY: Vintage, 1990. Vol. 2 of The History of Sexuality. 3 vols.
---. “What Is Enlightenment?” 1978. Trans. Catherine Porter. The Foucault Reader. Ed. Paul Rabinow. NY: Pantheon, 1984. 32-50.
French, Marilyn. The Book as Word: James Joyce’s “Ulysses”. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1976.
Gifford, Don, and Robert J. Seidman. Ulysses Annotated: Notes for James Joyce’s Ulysses. Rev. and Expended ed. Berkley: California UP, 1988.
Gilbert, Sandra and Susan Gubar. Sexchanges. New Haven: Yale UP, 1989. Vol. 2 of No Man’s Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century. 3 vols. 1988-94.
---. The War of the Words. New Haven: Yale UP, 1988. Vol. 1 of No Man’s Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century. 3 vols. 1988-94.
Gutting, Gary. Michel Foucault’s Archaeology of Scientific Reason. New York: Cambridge UP, 1989.
Henderson, Diana. “Joyce’s Modernist Woman: Whose Last Word?” Modern Fiction Studies 35 (1989): 517-28.
Henke, Suzette, and Elaine Unkeless, eds. Women in Joyce. Urbana: Illinois UP, 1982.
Herr, Cheryl Temple. “‘Penelope’ as Period Piece.” Molly Blooms: A Polylogue on “Penelope” and Cultural Studies. Ed. Richard Pearce. Madison: Wisconsin UP, 1994. 63-79.
---. “The Silence of the Hares: Peripherality in Ireland and in Joyce.” Joycean Cultures/Culturing Joyces. Ed. Vincent J. Cheng, Kimberly J. Devlin, and Margot Norris. Newark: Delaware UP, 1998. 216-40.
Holly, Marcia. “Consciousness and Authenticity: Toward A Feminist Aesthetic.” Feminist Literary Criticism: Explorations in Theory. Ed. Josephine Donovan. 2nd ed. Lexington: Kentucky UP, 1989. 38-47.
Howarth, David. Discourse. Buckingham: Open UP, 2000.
Irigaray, Luce. The Sex Which is Not One. Trans. Catherine Porter. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1985.
Janusko, Robert. The Sources and Structures of James Joyce’s “Oxen”. Ann Arbor: 1983.
Jones, Ellen Carol. “Textual Mater: Writing the Mother in Joyce.” Joyce: the Return of the Repressed. Ed. Susan Stanford Friedman. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1993. 257-82.
Joyce, James. Letters of James Joyce. Vol. 1. Ed. Stuart Gilbert. NY: Viking, 1966.
---. Ulysses. The Gabler Edition. New York: Vintage Books, 1986.
Kenner, Hugh. Dublin’s Joyce. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1956.
Kristeva, Julia. Desire and Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. Trans. Leon S. Roudiez. NY: Columbia UP, 1980.
Law, Jules. “Political Sirens.” Ulysses En-gendered Perspectives: Eighteen New Essays on the Episodes. Ed. Kimberly J. Devlin and Marilyn Reizbaum. Columbia: South Carolina UP, 1999. 150-66.
Lloyd, David. Anomalous States: Irish Writing and the Post-colonial Moment. Durham: Duke UP, 1993.
MacCabe, Colin. James Joyce and the Revolution of the World. 2nd ed. NY: Palgrave, 2003.
Martin, Rux. “Truth, Power, Self: An Interview with Michel Foucault.” 1982. Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault. Eds. Luther H. Martin, Huck Gutman, and Patrick H. Hutton. London: Tavistock, 1988. 9-15.
McCormick, Kathleen. “Reproducing Molly Bloom: A Revisionist History of the Reception of “Penelope,” 1922-1970.” Molly Blooms: A Polylogue on “Penelope” and Cultural Studies. Ed. Richard Pearce. Madison: Wisconsin UP, 1994. 17-39.
McNay, Lois. Foucault: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge: Polity, 1994.
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Nietzsche, Friedrich. “On the Use and Abuse of History for Life.” 1874. Trans. R. J. Hollingdale. Untimely Meditations. Ed. Daniel Breazeale. NY: Cambridge UP, 1997. 57-124.
O’Brien, Darcy. The Conscience of James Joyce. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1968.
Racevskis, Karlis, ed. Critical Essays on Michel Foucault. NY: G. K. Hall & Co., 1999.
Richardson, Robert. “Molly’s Last Words.” Twentieth Century Literature 12 (1967): 177-85.
Rose, Margaret. Parody: Ancient, Modern and Post-Modern. NY: Cambridge UP, 1993.
Roughley, Alan. James Joyce and Critical Theory: An Introduction. NY: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991.
Sarup, Madan. “Foucault and the Social Sciences.” An Introductory Guide to Post-Structuralism and Postmodernism. 2nd ed. NY: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993. 58-89.
Schwarze, Tracey Teets. Joyce and the Victorians. Gainesville: Florida UP, 2002.
Scott, Bonnie Kime. James Joyce. Brighton: Harvester, 1987.
---. Joyce and Feminism. Brighton: Harvester, 1984.
Sheridan, Alan. Michel Foucault: The Will to Truth. London: Tavistock, 1980.
Shloss, Carol. “Molly’s Resistance to the Union: Marriage and Colonialism in Dublin, 1904.” Molly Blooms: A Polylogue on “Penelope” and Cultural Studies. Ed. Richard Pearce. Madison: Wisconsin UP, 1994. 105-18.
Tyler, Carole-Anne. Female Impersonation. NY: Routledge, 2003.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學研究所
89551005
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0895510052
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 曾麗玲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tseng, Li-lingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃郁珺zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Yu-chunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃郁珺zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang, Yu-chunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 16:19:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 16:19:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 16:19:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0895510052en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33339-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英國語文學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 89551005zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本篇論文的目的在於討論詹姆斯˙喬伊斯(James Joyce)的小說《尤利西斯》(Ulysses)中對女性角色的描摹與傅柯(Michel Foucault)思想中所關切的議題:論述(discourse)、知識與權力、個體主體性之間的相互作用,並且論證喬伊斯的小說充分落實及展演傅柯的理論表述。透過研究小說中女性角色以何種形貌出現在1904年的都柏林與思考他們如何被形塑成為其樣貌,我發現喬伊斯呈現出一道女性主體之光譜,在此光譜中,不同女性角色面對著論述力量的運作,映照出不同程度的個體主體性。更重要的是,喬伊斯對這些角色的處理預示了傅柯念茲在茲的獨立且自決的個體主體性能夠出現的可能。本論文的第一、二章著重討論論述的規範化(normalization)機制,憑藉規範化的技術,任何特定的言說論述得以確立合法性地位,並且於已被規範化的個體身上展現其權力效應(power-effect)。第一章論證愛爾蘭國族主義的論述展現如同傅柯理論中所探討的論述之規範化力量,控制並且充分利用小說的太陽神牛(“Oxen of the Sun”)該章中的產婦普里福伊太太(Mrs Purefoy)之馴服的身體,本章的討論說明,龐大論述的網絡中女性個體主體性的完全臣服且消匿無蹤。第二章藉由格蒂(Gerty)與二位奧蒙德飯店酒吧的女侍(Ormond barmaids)與論述言說的互動,討論個體主體性形成的過程所涉及到論述力量的影響,論述施加於此三位角色身上的既是個體化(individualization)的力量又同時發揮規範化的效果。第三章的討論落實傅柯對「真理」(truth)不證自明的真實性(truthfulness)的質疑和批判。莫莉(Molly)在小說最終章的獨語,表現出她面對論述力量宰制時足以獨立思考且批判的主體性,就此而言,喬伊斯對莫莉的處理合乎傅柯對個體獨立的主體性之期待。這樣的光譜式研究,目的並非在於塑造個體主體性的刻板典型(stereotype),而是將此一光譜視為個體主體性出現的種種可能性與可行的面貌。藉由喬伊斯小說與傅柯理論的對話,我期望《尤利西斯》中女性角色的主體性這道光譜,能夠於討論個體主體性之相關議題時,提供某種程度上可行的解決之道。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The goal of my thesis is to argue that Joyce’s portrayal of the female characters in Ulysses fleshes out Foucault’s theoretical formulation of the interplay of discourse, power and knowledge, and individual subjectivity. Studying the appearances of the female citizens in 1904’s Dublin and how they are shaped into such appearances, I argue that Joyce’s characterization demonstrates Foucauldian distrust of the discursively elaborated truth (truthful knowledge) and anxiety about the encompassing exercise of power and discourse functioning in an individual’s sense of self and subjectivity. More importantly, Joyce envisions a spectrum of subjectivities in his delineation of these Irishwomen—the spectrum that expresses distinct degrees of subjectivities formed in different individuals in the face of various discursive practices incessantly entrenching and shaping their lives. In this spectrum, Joyce also prefigures the actualization of Foucauldian struggle for the coming about of a self-determined and autonomous subjectivity in an individual against the ubiquitous discursive dominations.
Chapter One and Two focus on the normalization mechanism of discourse and the discursive power-effect achieved in the individual. In Chapter One, the discussion is to demonstrate how the discourse of Irish nationalism incorporates what Foucault theorizes about the normalizing technologies by means of which a specific discourse attains its discursive effect and exerts coercion upon the individual. The lying-in Mrs Purefoy in “Oxen of the Sun” represents the subjection and omni-disappearance of the individual’s subjectivity within the discursive network. Chapter Two stresses the simultaneously individualizing and normalizing forces of discursive power concerning the making of an individual subjectivity. With their interactive gestures and responses to discourses, Gerty and the two Ormond barmaids seem to have attained the individual identity of her own, whereas the presumable individuality of theirs is still enveloped in the process of normalization. Foucault’s critical attitude towards the “truthfulness” of the so-called truth and the neutrality of any seemingly truthful knowledge finds a counterpart in Molly’s soliloquy in “Penelope”—the finale of Ulysses. Discourse as a construct on which Foucault insists is incorporated in the interrogative attitude that Molly has towards the ostensibly neutral discursive statements. Molly’s actions and thoughts register her subversive and resistant gestures towards the imposing discursive practices. She would epitomize the possible actualization of the Foucauldian prospect of an autonomous and self-determined subjectivity taking form in the individual. From the omni-subjection of an individual to the individuality within normalization and to the coming forth of the individual’s subjectivity, my discussions of Mrs Purefoy, of Gerty and the two Ormond barmaids, and of Molly comprise a spectrum showing distinct power-effect demonstrated respectively in these women through discursive practice. My study does not intend to stereotype the result of discursive practice imposed upon these women by locating these female characters in such a spectrum of subjectivities. Rather, I see the spectrum as a multiplicity of subjectivities taking shape in distinct individuals confronted with discourse and power. In addition to sharing the similar insight with Foucault, Joyce rather has the vision, prior to Foucault’s theorizing, in which the Foucauldian anticipation of the liberation from the regime of discourse is made possible. The enormous pressure facing today’s people in the forming of subjectivity is definitely the normalizing power, the imposing discursive knowledge as truth, and the power-effect which shapes individuals’ life without being discerned. It is to be hoped that the correspondence between Joyce’s characterization and Foucault’s critical concerns could propose a practicable solution to the issue of individual subjectivity.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements...............iv
Chinese Abstract.............viii
English Abstract...............ix
Introduction....................1
Chapter One Slaughter of the Mom: Subjection of the Female Subjectivity............24
Chapter Two Flaunting Their “Perfect” Femininity: Individualization/Normalization of Discursive Subjectivities.................46
Chapter Three Molly, the Soliloquizing Rebel: Issuing forth the Counter-Discourse and Self-Determined Subjectivity...................74
Conclusion 114
Works Cited 121
zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0895510052en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 《尤利西斯》zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 喬伊斯zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 傅柯zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 論述zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女性主體性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 光譜zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ulyssesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Joyce, Jamesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Foucault, Michelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) discourseen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) female subjectivitiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) spectrumen_US
dc.title (題名) 論述的眾生相:《尤利西斯》中女性角色主體光譜之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Multiple Discursive Lives: A Spectrum of Women`s Subjectivities in Ulyssesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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