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題名 英文限定性關係子句的篇章功能及其在英語教學上的啟示
Discourse Functions of English Restrictive Relative Clauses and Its Pedagogical Implications
作者 陳良鳳
Chen，Liang-feng
貢獻者 尤雪瑛
Yu，Hsueh-ying
陳良鳳
Chen，Liang-feng
關鍵詞 英文限定性關係子句
篇章功能
英語教學
English restrictive relative clauses
discourse functions
pedagogical implications
日期 2003
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 16:24:10 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究主要探討在英文敘述文和論說文文本中，英文限定關係子句的篇章功能(discourse functions)。我們主要是從句法、語意、語用和篇章結構(discourse structure)的觀點，來探討限定性關係子句的功能與它在篇章單位(discourse unit)所出現的位置有何關聯。研究結果顯示多數的限定性關係子句出現在篇章單位最前面的位置，而且他們往往引導他們新的先行詞(new head NPs)作為整個篇章單位的主題(topic)。因此我們認為，大多數限定性關係子句會出現在篇章單位最前面的位置，是因為它們有一個很重要的篇章功能，那就是它們要引介新的先行詞作為整個篇章單位的主題。此外，本論文也探討大學英文系學生在他們的英文寫作中，使用限定性關係子句的情形。研究結果發現，在大學生的寫作中，限定性關係子句的先行詞常是泛指，而且限定性關係子句的內容常常是舊有的訊息。因此，台灣大學生鮮少使用限定性關係子句來引導新的先行詞作為篇章單位的主題。我們推論大部份學生並未習得限定性關係子句的篇章功能。本論文根據此研究結果提出一些在英語教學上的建議：在課堂上教導英文限定性關係子句時，應以篇章單位為主，使學生了解限定性關係子句的篇章功能。
The findings of the previous studies on discourse functions of English restrictive relative clauses are mainly based on spontaneous conversations and written narrations. Rare studies were found on the discourse functions of English restrictive relative clauses in written data. The purpose of the present study, thus, is to investigate the discourse functions of English restrictive relative clauses in written expositions and argumentations by native speakers of English. Also, we study the use of English restrictive relative clauses in the compositions by Taiwanese college students. In particular, we want to know how the discourse functions of English restrictive relative clauses are related to their occurrences in discourse structures. Thus, our analysis includes considerations from four dimensions: syntax, semantics, pragmatics and discourse. We found that the majority of English restrictive relative clauses occur in the beginning position of discourse units. And they serve as a device to introduce their new head NPs as the topics in the subsequent discourse when occurring in such a position. Therefore, we conclude that the main purpose of using a restrictive relative clause is to introduce a new head NP as the topic when the new referent is firstly mentioned in a new discourse unit. Moreover, we examined English restrictive relative clauses in the compositions by English Department juniors to see if the factors found in native speakers’ writings are also at work in their compositions. We found that students have not fully understood the discourse functions of English restrictive relative clauses. Based on our findings, we offer pedagogical implications with the aim of hoping that students can learn the discourse functions of English restrictive relative clauses.
參考文獻 Anderson, M. 1999. Keys to Successful Writing. New York: Longman.
Beaman, K. 1984. Coordination and subordination revisited: syntactic complexity in spoken and written narrative discourse, In Deborah, Tennen (Ed.), Coherence in spoken and written discourse (pp. 45-80). Norwood, NJ: ABLEX Publishing.
Bernardo, R. 1979. The function and content of relative clauses in spontaneous oral narratives. Berkeley Linguistic Society, 5: 539-51.
Biber, D., Susan, Conrad and Randi, Reppen. 2000. Corpus linguistics: investigating language structure and use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, G. and George, Yule. 1983. Discourse analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Bushell, B. and Brenda Dyer. 2003. Global outlook: High intermediate reading. New York: the McGraw-Hill Companies.
Bushell, B. and Brenda Dyer. 2003. Global outlook: Advanced reading. New York: the McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chafe, W. L. 1974. Language and Consciousness. Language, 50: 111-33.
-----. 1976. Givenness, contrasiveness, definiteness, subjects, topics, and point of view. In Li, Charles N. (Ed.), Subject and Topic (pp. 25-55). New York: Academic Press.
-----. 1987. Cognitive Constraints on Information Flow. In Tomlin, Russell S. (Ed.), Coherence and Grounding in Discourse (pp. 21-51). Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
-----. 1994. Discourse, consciousness, and time. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Du Bois, John W. 1987. The discourse basis of ergativity. Language, 63(4): 805-55.
Fox, B. 1987. The noun phrase accessibility hierarchy reinterpreted: subject primacy or the absolutive hypothesis? Language, 63(4): 856-70
Fox, B. and S. A. Thompson. 1990. A discourse analysis of the grammar of relative clauses in English conversation. Language, 66(2): 297-316.
Firbas Jan. 1992. Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Givon, T. 1979. On understanding grammar. New York: Academic Press.
-----. 1984. Syntax: a functional-typological introduction, vol.1. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
-----. 1993. English Grammar. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
-----. 1995. Functionalism and Grammar. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
-----. 1997. Coherence in Text vs. Coherence in Mind. In M. A. Gernsbacher & T. Givon. (Eds.), Coherence in spontaneous text (pp.59-115). Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
Halliday, M.A.K. 1967. Notes on Transitivity and Theme in English, part 2. Journal of Linguistics, 3: 199-244.
-----. 1974. The place of “functional sentence perspective” in the system of linguistic description. In F. Danes (Ed.), Papers on Functional Sentence Perspective (pp. 43-57). The Hague: Mouton.
-----. 1981. Options and Functions in the English Clause. In M.A.K Halliday & J. R. Martin (Ed.), Readings in Systemic Linguistics (pp. 138-45). London: Batford Academic and Educational.
-----. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
Hann, Pieter De. 1987. Relative clauses in indefinite noun phrases. English Studies, 2: 171-89.
Hawkin, J. A. 1991. On (in)definite articles: implicatures and (un)grammaticality prediction. Linguistics, 27: 405-42.
Hoey, M. P. 1983. On the surface of discourse. London: Allen and Unwin.
Hoey, M. P., and E. O. Winter. 1986. Clause Relations and the Writer’s Communicative Task. In B. Couture (Ed.), Functional Approaches to Writing Research Perspective. London: Frances Pinter.
Keenan, E. L. and B. Comrie. 1977. Noun accessibility and universal grammar. Linguistic Inquiry, 8(1): 63-99.
Kirn, Elaine and Pamela Hartmann. 1990. Interaction II: A Reading Skills Book. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.
Krahnke, K. 1998. Reading together: A reading/activities text. Cambridge: University Press.
Kuno, S. 1972. Functional Sentence Perspective: A Case Study from Japanese and English. Linguistic Inquiry, 3: 269-320.
-----. 1977. Generative Discourse Analysis in America. In W. U. Dressler (Ed.), Current Trends in Textlinguistics (pp. 275-294). New York: Walter de Gruyter.
-----. 1980. Functional Syntax. In E. A. Moravcsik & J. R. Wirth (Ed.), Syntax and Semantics Vol. 13: Current Approaches to Syntax (pp. 117-35). New York: Academic Press.
Liu Chen, Pi-fen. 1985. Determiners and Relative Clauses in English. MA. thesis, Michigan State University.
McCarthy, M. and Ronald Carter. 1994. Language as Discourse: Perspectives for Language Teaching. London: Longman.
McCarthy, M. 2001. Discourse analysis for language teachers. Cambridge: University Press.
Nuamthanom, L. 2003. A study of discourse functions of relative clauses from a functional sentence perspective framework. Ph. D. dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania.
Prince, E. F. 1979. On the Given/New Distinction. In W. Hanks, C. Hofbauer & P. Clyne (Eds.), Papers from the Fifteenth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, Department of Linguistics, University of Chicago (pp. 267-78).
-----. 1981. Toward a taxonomy of given-new information. In Peter Cole (Ed.), Radical Pragmatics (pp. 223-55). New York: Academic Press.
Schachter, P. 1971. Focus and relativization. Language, 47: 19-46.
Stockwell, Robert P., Paul Schacter and Barbara Hall Partee. 1973. The Major Syntactic Structures of English. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Tabakowska, E. 1980. Existential presupposition and the choice of head noun determiner in English restrictive relative clauses. In Johan Van Auwera (Ed.), The Semantics of Determiners (pp.189-210). London : Croom Helm.
Quirk, R. 1972. A Grammar of Contemporary English. London: Longman.
Quirk, R., S. Greenbaum, G. Leech and J. Svartvik. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.
Vande Kopple, W. J. 1986. Given and new information and some aspects of the structures, semantics, and pragmatics of written texts. In C. R. Cooper & S. Greenbaum (Ed.), Studying writing: linguistic approaches (pp. 72-111). Baverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Wegmann Brenda and Miki Prijic Knezevic. 1990. Mosaic I: A Reading Skills Book. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.
Wegmann Brenda, Miki Prijic Knezevic and Marilyn Bernstein. 1990. Mosaic II: A Reading Skills Book. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.
陳純音 1998. 遠東新英文法：溝通式的文法教學 台北：遠東圖書公司
蘇玉如、應惠蕙 1999. 英文文法 台北：三民書局
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
90555012
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090555012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 尤雪瑛zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yu，Hsueh-yingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳良鳳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen，Liang-fengen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳良鳳zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen，Liang-fengen_US
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 16:24:10 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 16:24:10 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 16:24:10 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0090555012en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33368-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90555012zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究主要探討在英文敘述文和論說文文本中，英文限定關係子句的篇章功能(discourse functions)。我們主要是從句法、語意、語用和篇章結構(discourse structure)的觀點，來探討限定性關係子句的功能與它在篇章單位(discourse unit)所出現的位置有何關聯。研究結果顯示多數的限定性關係子句出現在篇章單位最前面的位置，而且他們往往引導他們新的先行詞(new head NPs)作為整個篇章單位的主題(topic)。因此我們認為，大多數限定性關係子句會出現在篇章單位最前面的位置，是因為它們有一個很重要的篇章功能，那就是它們要引介新的先行詞作為整個篇章單位的主題。此外，本論文也探討大學英文系學生在他們的英文寫作中，使用限定性關係子句的情形。研究結果發現，在大學生的寫作中，限定性關係子句的先行詞常是泛指，而且限定性關係子句的內容常常是舊有的訊息。因此，台灣大學生鮮少使用限定性關係子句來引導新的先行詞作為篇章單位的主題。我們推論大部份學生並未習得限定性關係子句的篇章功能。本論文根據此研究結果提出一些在英語教學上的建議：在課堂上教導英文限定性關係子句時，應以篇章單位為主，使學生了解限定性關係子句的篇章功能。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The findings of the previous studies on discourse functions of English restrictive relative clauses are mainly based on spontaneous conversations and written narrations. Rare studies were found on the discourse functions of English restrictive relative clauses in written data. The purpose of the present study, thus, is to investigate the discourse functions of English restrictive relative clauses in written expositions and argumentations by native speakers of English. Also, we study the use of English restrictive relative clauses in the compositions by Taiwanese college students. In particular, we want to know how the discourse functions of English restrictive relative clauses are related to their occurrences in discourse structures. Thus, our analysis includes considerations from four dimensions: syntax, semantics, pragmatics and discourse. We found that the majority of English restrictive relative clauses occur in the beginning position of discourse units. And they serve as a device to introduce their new head NPs as the topics in the subsequent discourse when occurring in such a position. Therefore, we conclude that the main purpose of using a restrictive relative clause is to introduce a new head NP as the topic when the new referent is firstly mentioned in a new discourse unit. Moreover, we examined English restrictive relative clauses in the compositions by English Department juniors to see if the factors found in native speakers’ writings are also at work in their compositions. We found that students have not fully understood the discourse functions of English restrictive relative clauses. Based on our findings, we offer pedagogical implications with the aim of hoping that students can learn the discourse functions of English restrictive relative clauses.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements………………………………………..…………………………iv
Table of Contents..................................………………………………………………..v
List of Tables……………...…………………..……………………………………..vii
Chinese Abstract……………………………...…………………………………...…viii
English Abstract……..………………………….......…………………………………ix
Chapter
1. Introduction………………………..………………………………………...…1
1.1 Motivation………………………………………………………………….1
1.2 Purpose of the Present Study……….………………………………….......4
1.3 Organization of the Thesis…………………………………………………5
2. Literature Review…………………………………………………………..….7
2.1 Grounding and Restrictive Relative Clauses………………………………7
2.2 Information Status of NPs…………………………………………...……12
2.3 Syntactic-Semantic Aspects of Restrictive Relative Clauses………….…17
2.4 Discourse Structures…………………………………………....…….......20
2.5 Summary and Conclusion……………………………………………...…26
3. Analysis of Native English Speakers’ Data………….…………………….…30
3.1 The Occurrences of RRCs in Discourse……………………………….…31
3.2 S-relatives in Native Speakers’ Writings………………...……….………33
3.3 A-relatives in Native Speakers’ Writings……...………………….………41
3.4 O-relatives in Native Speakers’ Writings…………...…………………….51
3.5 Discourse Functions of RRCs in the Middle and Final Positions of Discourse Units………………………………………………...................53
3.6 Summary………………………………………………………………….55
4. Analysis of Chinese College Students’ Compositions…………………..……58
4.1 The Occurrences of RRCs in Discourse…………………………….……58
4.2 S-relatives in Students’ Writings………………………………….………60
4.3 A-relatives in Students’ Writings…………………………………………63
4.4 O-relatives in Students’ Writings…………………………………………65
4.5 Comparison between RRC uses of Native English Speakers and Chinese Learners………………..............................................................................69
5. Conclusion and Pedagogical Implications…………………………….……..73
5.1 Summary…………………………………………………….............……73
5.2 Pedagogical Implications for Teaching English RRCs……………..…….75
5.2.1 Discourse Perspectives for Teaching English RRCs………….…....76
5.2.2 A Demonstration of Teaching English RRCs…………………...…78
5.3 Limitations………………………………………………………………83
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………….……85		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090555012en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 英文限定性關係子句zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 篇章功能zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 英語教學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) English restrictive relative clausesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) discourse functionsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) pedagogical implicationsen_US
dc.title (題名) 英文限定性關係子句的篇章功能及其在英語教學上的啟示zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Discourse Functions of English Restrictive Relative Clauses and Its Pedagogical Implicationsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anderson, M. 1999. Keys to Successful Writing. New York: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beaman, K. 1984. Coordination and subordination revisited: syntactic complexity in spoken and written narrative discourse, In Deborah, Tennen (Ed.), Coherence in spoken and written discourse (pp. 45-80). Norwood, NJ: ABLEX Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bernardo, R. 1979. The function and content of relative clauses in spontaneous oral narratives. Berkeley Linguistic Society, 5: 539-51.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Biber, D., Susan, Conrad and Randi, Reppen. 2000. Corpus linguistics: investigating language structure and use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, G. and George, Yule. 1983. Discourse analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bushell, B. and Brenda Dyer. 2003. Global outlook: High intermediate reading. New York: the McGraw-Hill Companies.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bushell, B. and Brenda Dyer. 2003. Global outlook: Advanced reading. New York: the McGraw-Hill Companies.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chafe, W. L. 1974. Language and Consciousness. Language, 50: 111-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1976. Givenness, contrasiveness, definiteness, subjects, topics, and point of view. In Li, Charles N. (Ed.), Subject and Topic (pp. 25-55). New York: Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1987. Cognitive Constraints on Information Flow. In Tomlin, Russell S. (Ed.), Coherence and Grounding in Discourse (pp. 21-51). Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1994. Discourse, consciousness, and time. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Du Bois, John W. 1987. The discourse basis of ergativity. Language, 63(4): 805-55.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fox, B. 1987. The noun phrase accessibility hierarchy reinterpreted: subject primacy or the absolutive hypothesis? Language, 63(4): 856-70zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fox, B. and S. A. Thompson. 1990. A discourse analysis of the grammar of relative clauses in English conversation. Language, 66(2): 297-316.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Firbas Jan. 1992. Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication. New York: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Givon, T. 1979. On understanding grammar. New York: Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1984. Syntax: a functional-typological introduction, vol.1. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1993. English Grammar. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1995. Functionalism and Grammar. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1997. Coherence in Text vs. Coherence in Mind. In M. A. Gernsbacher & T. Givon. (Eds.), Coherence in spontaneous text (pp.59-115). Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Halliday, M.A.K. 1967. Notes on Transitivity and Theme in English, part 2. Journal of Linguistics, 3: 199-244.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1974. The place of “functional sentence perspective” in the system of linguistic description. In F. Danes (Ed.), Papers on Functional Sentence Perspective (pp. 43-57). The Hague: Mouton.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1981. Options and Functions in the English Clause. In M.A.K Halliday & J. R. Martin (Ed.), Readings in Systemic Linguistics (pp. 138-45). London: Batford Academic and Educational.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hann, Pieter De. 1987. Relative clauses in indefinite noun phrases. English Studies, 2: 171-89.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hawkin, J. A. 1991. On (in)definite articles: implicatures and (un)grammaticality prediction. Linguistics, 27: 405-42.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hoey, M. P. 1983. On the surface of discourse. London: Allen and Unwin.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hoey, M. P., and E. O. Winter. 1986. Clause Relations and the Writer’s Communicative Task. In B. Couture (Ed.), Functional Approaches to Writing Research Perspective. London: Frances Pinter.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keenan, E. L. and B. Comrie. 1977. Noun accessibility and universal grammar. Linguistic Inquiry, 8(1): 63-99.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kirn, Elaine and Pamela Hartmann. 1990. Interaction II: A Reading Skills Book. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krahnke, K. 1998. Reading together: A reading/activities text. Cambridge: University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kuno, S. 1972. Functional Sentence Perspective: A Case Study from Japanese and English. Linguistic Inquiry, 3: 269-320.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1977. Generative Discourse Analysis in America. In W. U. Dressler (Ed.), Current Trends in Textlinguistics (pp. 275-294). New York: Walter de Gruyter.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1980. Functional Syntax. In E. A. Moravcsik & J. R. Wirth (Ed.), Syntax and Semantics Vol. 13: Current Approaches to Syntax (pp. 117-35). New York: Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Liu Chen, Pi-fen. 1985. Determiners and Relative Clauses in English. MA. thesis, Michigan State University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McCarthy, M. and Ronald Carter. 1994. Language as Discourse: Perspectives for Language Teaching. London: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McCarthy, M. 2001. Discourse analysis for language teachers. Cambridge: University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nuamthanom, L. 2003. A study of discourse functions of relative clauses from a functional sentence perspective framework. Ph. D. dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Prince, E. F. 1979. On the Given/New Distinction. In W. Hanks, C. Hofbauer & P. Clyne (Eds.), Papers from the Fifteenth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, Department of Linguistics, University of Chicago (pp. 267-78).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -----. 1981. Toward a taxonomy of given-new information. In Peter Cole (Ed.), Radical Pragmatics (pp. 223-55). New York: Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schachter, P. 1971. Focus and relativization. Language, 47: 19-46.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stockwell, Robert P., Paul Schacter and Barbara Hall Partee. 1973. The Major Syntactic Structures of English. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tabakowska, E. 1980. Existential presupposition and the choice of head noun determiner in English restrictive relative clauses. In Johan Van Auwera (Ed.), The Semantics of Determiners (pp.189-210). London : Croom Helm.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Quirk, R. 1972. A Grammar of Contemporary English. London: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Quirk, R., S. Greenbaum, G. Leech and J. Svartvik. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.zh_TW
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