| dc.contributor.advisor | 徐嘉慧 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Chui,Kawai | en_US |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Kawai Chui | en_US |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 謝雅惠 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Hsieh, Ya Huei | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 謝雅惠 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Hsieh, Ya Huei | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2007 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 17-Sep-2009 16:24:44 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 17-Sep-2009 16:24:44 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 17-Sep-2009 16:24:44 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0093555002 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33372 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 語言學研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 93555002 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 96 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 本文旨從語用和語音方面，來探討中文「敘述性」言談(narrative discourse)對話中，說話者自然產生的節拍手勢。在語用方面，主要是觀察說話者使用節拍手勢表達前後景(Grounding)和新/舊訊息(Information state)的關係。研究結果發現，說話者較常使用節拍手勢來傳達前景(foreground)的新訊息，以提示聽話者注意。此外，說話者在敘述的過程中，常使用節拍手勢來預示前後景訊息的轉換。在語音方面，主要探討說話者使用節拍手勢時，其所對應的語句之音調高低及說話能量強度的關係。研究發現，語句的音高和強度無法預測這類手勢的產生；但是，當傳達前景的新訊息時，這類手勢的出現常伴隨著較強的語氣。此外，研究結果也顯示，說話者使用節拍手勢通常是有規律性的。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | This thesis investigates gestural beats in Chinese narrative discourse at both pragmatic and acoustic levels. The relationship among grounding, information state and beat gestures is examined at the pragmatic level, and at the acoustic level, the relationship among pitch, intensity, and gestural beats is analyzed. Moreover, whether there is a rhythmic pattern for beat gestures is further studied. The subjects were four undergraduates who were asked to view an animated color cartoon episode and then to immediately recount the events in it to a listener. The subjects were audio-video taped. They were not informed of the particular interest of the study. 291 beats were transcribed and analyzed. The audio data was analyzed on Praat and a Kay’s Model 4100. The continuous beats were further analyzed to investigate the rhythmic patterns and were annotated in Anvil, a video annotation tool. Gestural beats, narrative data, and the annotations were statistically analyzed and five phenomena for beat gestures were explored. First, gestural beats can appear in both foregrounded and backgrounded clauses. Second, the occurrence of beat gestures signals shifts between levels of the narrative structure. Third, speakers usually incline to utter new information in foregrounded clauses in Chinese narrative discourse with accompanying beats. Fourth, neither intensity nor pitch changes can predict and correlate with the occurrence of gestural beats in the relationship between beats and two acoustic factors. However, when grounding and the information state of the associated referents are considered, beats are produced for new information in foregrounded clauses with greater intensity. Finally, there is a rhythmic pattern in the production of continuous beats and the regularity of the patterns correlates with the clause boundary. A close relationship is revealed between speech and gestures in this thesis. The findings provide some linguistic details that may help explore the performance of gestural beats and speech in Chinese narrative discourse. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS vi FIGURES viii TABLES ix CHINESE ABSTRACT xi ENGLISH ABSTRACT xii CHPATER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Other Types of Gesture 10 1.3 Motivation and Purpose 15 1.4 Database 17 1.5 Organization of the Thesis 21 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 23 2.1 Pragmatic Level 23 2.1.1 Grounding 23 2.1.2 Information State 28 2.2 Acoustic Level 32 3. GESTURAL BEATS, GROUNDING AND INFORMATION STATE 36 3.1 Is There any Relationship Between Gestural Beats and Grounding? 36 3.2 Are Gestural Beats and Information State Related? 46 3.3 Summary 49 4. GESTURAL BEATS AND ACOUSTIC PATTERNS 51 4.1 Pitch, Intensity and Gestural Beats 51 4.2 Gestural Beats and Rhythmic Patterns 60 4.3 Summary 85 5. CONCLUSION: INFORMATION BETWEEN PRAGMATIC AND ACOUSTIC PATTERNING OF BEAT GESTURES 87 5.1 Interaction between Pragmatic Level and Acoustic Level for Gestural Beats 87 5.2 Summary and Implications of the Thesis 92 5.3 Suggestions for Further Research 96 APPENDIXES 98 A. Events in the Main Story Line of the Cartoon Episode The Beach Party in Sequential Order 98 B. Abbreviations of Linguistic Terms 111 C. Transcription Conventions 112 REFERENCES 114 FIGURES Figure 1. Narrative Structure and Gesture 27 Figure 2. Parallel Example of Pitch Directions and Movements of Gestural Beats 53 Figure 3. Non-Parallel Example of Pitch Directions and Movements of Gestural Beats 54 Figure 4. The Occurrence of Gestural Beats with Greater Intensity 57 Figure 5. The Occurrence of Gestural beats with Lower Intensity 58 TABLES Table 1. Frequency Distribution of Various Types of Gestures in English Narratives 15 Table 2. Frequency Distribution of Gestural Types in Chinese Conversation 16 Table 3. Frequency Distribution of Gestural Types in Chinese Narratives 19 Table 4. Frequency Distribution of Syntactic Categories and Pauses for Gestural Beats 19 Table 5. Frequency Distribution of Three Movements for Gestural Beats 20 Table 6. Frequency Distribution of Grounding in Chinese Narratives across Four Gestures 40 Table 7. Frequency Distribution of Signaling Shifts across Four Gestural Types 45 Table 8. Frequency Distribution of Information State in Gestural Beats 47 Table 9. Frequency Distribution of Information State vs. Grounding in Gestural Beats 48 Table 10.Cross-table Analysis of Information State and Grounding in Gestural Beats 49 Table 11.Frequency Distribution of Pitch Directions in Beat Gestures 55 Table 12.Frequency Distribution of Intensity in Beat Gestures 59 Table 13.Frequency Distribution of Continuous Beats in Four Categories 61 Table 14.Frequency Distribution of Continuous Gestural Beats 62 Table 15.Frequency Distribution of Continuous Gestural Beats in Three Categories 62 Table 16.Frequency Distribution of Regularity for Continuous Gestural Beats in Rhythmic Groups 77 Table 17.IU Boundary and Regularity of Rhythmic Patterns for 2 and 3 Continuous Beats 78 Table 18.Clause Boundary and Regularity of Rhythmic Patterns for 2 and 3 Continuous Beats 80 Table 19.Clause Boundary and Regularity of Rhythmic Patterns for 4 and 5 Continuous Beats 82 Table 20.Frequency Distribution of Regularity for Continuous Gestural Beats in Rhythmic Groups with 3 Movement Sequences 84 Table 21.Frequency Distribution of Intensity and Grounding in Beat Gestures 88 Table 22.Frequency Distribution of Intensity and Information State in Beat Gestures 89 Table 23.Frequency Distribution of Grounding and Regularity of Rhythmic Patterns in Gestural Beats 91 | zh_TW |
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| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093555002 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 節拍手勢 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 前後景 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 新/舊訊息 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 音調 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 聲音強度 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 節律模式 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Gestural Beats | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Grounding | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Information State | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Pitch | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Intensity | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Rhythmic Patterns | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 中文節拍手勢之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | Gestural Beats in Chinese Narrative Discourse | en_US |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
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