Publications-Theses

題名 應用個體選擇模式檢驗促銷活動之成效
作者 余思瑩
貢獻者 江振東
余思瑩
關鍵詞 個體選擇模式
多項邏輯模式
巢狀邏輯模式
混合多項邏輯模式
discrete choice model
multinomial logit model
nested multinomial logit model
mixed logit model
日期 2003
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 18:45:29 (UTC+8)
摘要 個體選擇模式(discrete choice model)廣泛應用於國外的交通運輸及行銷領域,而國內交通運輸領域,也長期以此模式分析個體的運具選擇行為。反觀國內的行銷領域,因較難取得消費者的商品品牌購買紀錄,而鮮少應用個體選擇模式分析消費者的選擇行為。有鑒於此,本研究嘗試以問卷收集消費者對三個洗髮精品牌的選擇行為,以個體選擇模式中的多項邏輯模式(multinomial logit model)、巢狀邏輯模式(nested multinomial logit model)、混合多項邏輯模式(mixed logit model)進行分析,檢驗問卷設計中的促銷活動、消費者特性對選擇行為的影響性。
實證分析的結果發現,洗髮精的原價格及促銷折扣、贈品容量、加量不加價等促銷活動,皆對消費者的選擇行為有顯著的影響力,其中促銷折扣與贈品容量影響的程度較大,是較具有效果的促銷活動。而消費者的性別、年齡、職業及品牌更換的頻率,皆影響洗髮精的選擇行為。此外,消費者若固定選擇自己最常購買的洗髮精,此類型的消費者與其他人的品牌選擇行為,也有顯著的不同。
此外,根據本研究樣本,我們也發現海倫仙度絲與潘婷間的替代、互補性較強。
Discrete choice model has been demonstrated to be a useful tool for analyzing consumers’ choice behavior data in the area of transportation and marketing research. However, since a complete data set containing consumers’ history of purchase behavior was rarely available to public, the model was less popular in the marketing research area than in the transportation research in Taiwan.
Based on limited survey data on consumers’ choice among three different brands of shampoo, we applied multinomial logit model、nested multinomial logit model、mixed logit model in this study to understand promotion program’s effect on consumers’ choice behavior , the result showed that shampoos’ original price、discount、volume of hair conditioner bestowal、more volume with the same price all had significant impacts on consumers’ choice behavior, among them, discount and volume of hair conditioner bestowel influenced more .In addition, consumers’ gender、age、occupation and frequency of changing brands also affected consumers on choosing brands of shampoos. The study also found that a consumer who chose the same brand regularly behaved notably differently.
參考文獻 洪順慶(2000)行銷管理,新陸書局,9月二版,Chap15,544-546頁。
姜榮新(2000),捷運系統票價彈性之研究,交通大學交通運輸研究所碩士論文。
陳成業(2001),資料庫行銷之品牌選擇模式研究,國立台灣大學國際企業學系研究所碩士論文。
Baltas, G., Doyle, P. and Dyson, P.(1997) “A model of consumer choice for national vs private label brands”, Journal of the Operational Research Society ,48,988-995.
Ben-Akiva, M.(1973), Structure of Passenger Travel Demand Models. Ph.D. dissertation.Department of Civil Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
Ben-Akiva, M. and Lerman, S. P.(1985),Discrete Choice Analysis: Theory and Application to Travel Demand, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Bhat, C. R.(1995), “A Heteroscedastic Extreme Value Model of Intercity Travel Mode Choice”, Transportation Research B, 29, 471-483.
Chintagunta, P. K., Jain, D. C. and Vilcassim, N.(1991), “Investigating Heterogeneity in Brand Preference in Logit Models for Panel Data” Journal of Marketing Research, 28,417-428.
Gonul, F. and Kannan, S.(1993), “Modeling Multiple Sources of Heterogeneity in Multinomial Logit Models:Methodological and Managerial Issues”, Marketing Science, 12,213-229.
Guadagni, P. M. and Little, J. D. C.(1983), “A Logit Model of Brand Choice Calibrated on Scanner Data”,Marketing Science, 2,203-238.
Guadagni, P. M. and Little, J. D. C.(1998), “When and What to Buy:A Nested Logit Model of Coffee Purchase”,Journal of Forecasting,17,303-326.
Hausman, J. and Wise, D.(1978), “A Conditional Probit Model for Qualitative Choice:Discrete Decisions Recognizing Interdependence and Heterogeneous Preferences”,Econometrica, 48,403-429.
Jain, D. C. ,Vilcassim, N. J. and Chintagunta, P. K.(1994), “A Random-Coefficients Logit Brand Choice Model Applied to Panel data”, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 12, 317-328.
Kamakura, W. A. and Russell G. J.(1989), “A Probability Choice Model for Market Segmentation and Elasticity Structure” ,Journal of Marketing Research, 26,379-390.
Kannan, P. K. and Wright, G. P.(1991), “Modeling and Testing Structured Markets:A Nested Logit Approach”, Marketing Science, 10, 58-82.
Koppelman, F. S. and Wen, C. H.(2000) , “The Paired Combinatorial Logit Model:Properties,Estimation and Application”,Transportation Research B,34 ,75-89.
Koppelman, F. S. and Wen, C. H.(2001) , “The Generalized Nested Logit Model”, Transportation Research B, 35,627-641.
McFadden, D.(1974), “Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior”, In Frontiers in Econometrics, P. Zarembka, ed. Academic Press,New York,105-142.
McFadden, D.(1978), “Modeling the Choice of Residertial Location”,In Spatial Interaction Theory and Residential Location. A. Karlquist et al., eds. North Holland, Amsterdam,75-96.
Train , K. E.(2003), Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation, Cambridge University Press,UK.
Vovsha, P.(1997) , “The Cross-Nested Logit Model:Application to Mode Choice in the Tel-Aviv Metropolitan Area”, In Transportation Research Record 1607,TRB,National Research Council,Washington,D.C.,1993, 6-15.,
Washington,D.C.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
統計研究所
91354001
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0091354001
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 江振東zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 余思瑩zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 余思瑩zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 18:45:29 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 18:45:29 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 18:45:29 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0091354001en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33898-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 統計研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91354001zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 個體選擇模式(discrete choice model)廣泛應用於國外的交通運輸及行銷領域,而國內交通運輸領域,也長期以此模式分析個體的運具選擇行為。反觀國內的行銷領域,因較難取得消費者的商品品牌購買紀錄,而鮮少應用個體選擇模式分析消費者的選擇行為。有鑒於此,本研究嘗試以問卷收集消費者對三個洗髮精品牌的選擇行為,以個體選擇模式中的多項邏輯模式(multinomial logit model)、巢狀邏輯模式(nested multinomial logit model)、混合多項邏輯模式(mixed logit model)進行分析,檢驗問卷設計中的促銷活動、消費者特性對選擇行為的影響性。
實證分析的結果發現,洗髮精的原價格及促銷折扣、贈品容量、加量不加價等促銷活動,皆對消費者的選擇行為有顯著的影響力,其中促銷折扣與贈品容量影響的程度較大,是較具有效果的促銷活動。而消費者的性別、年齡、職業及品牌更換的頻率,皆影響洗髮精的選擇行為。此外,消費者若固定選擇自己最常購買的洗髮精,此類型的消費者與其他人的品牌選擇行為,也有顯著的不同。
此外,根據本研究樣本,我們也發現海倫仙度絲與潘婷間的替代、互補性較強。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Discrete choice model has been demonstrated to be a useful tool for analyzing consumers’ choice behavior data in the area of transportation and marketing research. However, since a complete data set containing consumers’ history of purchase behavior was rarely available to public, the model was less popular in the marketing research area than in the transportation research in Taiwan.
Based on limited survey data on consumers’ choice among three different brands of shampoo, we applied multinomial logit model、nested multinomial logit model、mixed logit model in this study to understand promotion program’s effect on consumers’ choice behavior , the result showed that shampoos’ original price、discount、volume of hair conditioner bestowal、more volume with the same price all had significant impacts on consumers’ choice behavior, among them, discount and volume of hair conditioner bestowel influenced more .In addition, consumers’ gender、age、occupation and frequency of changing brands also affected consumers on choosing brands of shampoos. The study also found that a consumer who chose the same brand regularly behaved notably differently.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第三節 本文架構 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
第一節 極端值分配與廣義極端值分配 4
第二節 個體選擇模式 6
第三節 GEV模式的定理 8
第四節 多項邏輯模式 10
第五節 巢狀邏輯模式 14
第六節 混合多項邏輯模式 21
第七節 GEV其他常見模式的應用 29
第八節 異值極端值模式 HEV 33
第九節 多項普羅比模式 Multinomial Probit 35
第三章 研究方法 37
第一節 研究主題 37
第二節 問卷設計 41
第三節 模式適合度判斷(Goodness of fit) 45
第四節 屬性的彈性分析(Elasticity) 48
第四章 樣本資料分析 53
第一節 樣本分析 53
第二節 可觀測屬性的定義 61
第五章 實證分析 64
第一節 多項邏輯模式分析 64
第二節 巢狀邏輯模式分析 70
第三節 混合多項邏輯模式分析 80
第四節 模式的優劣比較 84
第五節 彈性分析 87
第六章 結論 91
第一節 研究結論與意涵 91
第二節 研究限制 93
第三節 未來研究方向 95
參考文獻 96
附錄一 98
附錄二 100
附錄三 101
附錄四 106
附錄五 108
附錄六 109
附錄七 113
附錄八 117
附錄九 119
附錄十 123
附錄十一 127


表目錄
表2-2-1 不同隨機誤差分配類型的個體選擇模式 7
表2-5-1 巢狀邏輯模式釋例一 17
表2-5-2 獨自開車退出選擇集合後,運輸工具的機率比率變化情形 18
表2-6-1 混合多項邏輯模式中,各品牌效用間的變異數及共變異數 27
表3-1-1 消費者印象最佳、印象較佳、最近三個月最常用的牙膏產品 38
表3-1-2 洗髮、護髮,沖泡式咖啡產品最近三個月的購買率 38
表3-1-3 印象最佳、印象較佳、最近三個月最常用的洗髮精品牌 39
表3-1-4 消費者家庭清潔用品最喜歡的促銷方式 40
表3-1-5 消費者購買洗髮精考慮的因素 40
表3-2-1促銷活動屬性的水準值 42
表3-2-2 屬性組合直交表排列法 43
表3-2-3 各品牌的屬性組合 43
表3-2-4 問卷的情境分配(格內的數字代表屬性組合的代碼) 44
表3-4-1 價格彈性分析釋例 52
表4-1-1 受訪者的社經特性分佈表 53
表4-1-2 問卷類型發放比例 55
表4-1-3 三品牌被選擇的比例 55
表4-1-4 受訪者社經特性與品牌選擇的交叉表 56
表4-1-5 受訪者品牌更換頻率的看法 58
表4-1-6 受訪者購買洗髮精重要因素的看法 58
表4-1-7 品牌知名度的成對T檢定 59
表4-1-8 受訪者最常購買的品牌 59
表4-1-9 品牌深層清潔功能屬性的成對T檢定 59
表4-1-10 品牌保濕柔順功能屬性的成對T檢定 60
表4-1-11 品牌去頭皮屑功能屬性的成對T檢定 60
表5-1-1 多項邏輯模式分析結果 65
表5-1-2 學生、商業、服務業、家管相對於「其他」類別,海倫仙度絲相對潘婷的對數勝算比 68
表5-1-3學生、商業、服務業、家管相對於「其他」類別,飛柔相對潘婷的對數勝算比 68
表5-2-1 巢狀邏輯模式分析結果 72
表5-2-2 以性別、忠誠度、職業所區分的16種族群 74
表5-2-3 巢狀邏輯模式在不同職業下,飛柔相對潘婷的對數勝算 77
表5-3-1 混合多項邏輯模式分析結果 81
表5-3-2 多項邏輯模式及混合多項邏輯模式之固定參數數值比較 82
表5-4-1 三個模式的對數概似函數值、概似比指標、修正後概似比指標、AIC、參數個數比較 84
表5-4-2 模式的正確預測率比較 85
表5-5-1 混合多項邏輯模式彈性分析 87


圖目錄
圖2-1-1 標準化極端值密度函數分佈圖 5
圖2-5-1 巢狀邏輯模式釋例一巢狀結構圖 18
圖2-5-2 巢狀邏輯模式釋例二巢狀結構圖 19
圖2-5-3 巢狀邏輯模式釋例三巢狀結構圖 19
圖2-6-1 隨機參數為標準常態分配 23
圖2-6-2 隨機參數為對數常態分配 24
圖2-6-3 隨機參數為三角形分配 24
圖2-6-4 隨機參數為均勻分配 25
圖2-7-1 Koppelman and Wen 2001最佳的交叉巢式邏輯模式 30
圖2-7-2 Koppelman and Wen 2001最佳的成對組合模式 30
圖2-7-3 Koppelman and Wen 2001最佳一般化巢式邏輯模式 32
圖5-2-1 海倫仙度絲與飛柔在同一巢層 70
圖5-2-2 海倫仙度絲與潘婷在同一巢層 70
圖5-2-3 飛柔與潘婷在同一巢層 70
圖5-2-4 性別屬性對飛柔相對潘婷對數勝算之影響 75
圖5-2-5 年齡屬性對飛柔相對潘婷對數勝算之影響 76
圖5-2-6 品牌更換頻率屬性對飛柔相對潘婷對數勝算之影響 77
圖5-2-7 男性中職業屬性對飛柔相對潘婷對數勝算之影響 78
圖5-2-8 女性中職業屬性對飛柔相對潘婷對數勝算之影響 78
圖5-2-9 男性中忠誠度屬性對飛柔相對潘婷對數勝算之影響 79
圖5-2-10 女性中忠誠度屬性對飛柔相對潘婷對數勝算之影響 79
圖5-5-1 各品牌原價格競爭力及受衝擊力 89
圖5-5-2 各品牌促銷折扣競爭力及受衝擊力 89
圖5-5-3 各品牌贈品容量競爭力及受衝擊力 89
圖5-5-4 各品牌加量不加價競爭力及受衝擊力 90
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0091354001en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 個體選擇模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 多項邏輯模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 巢狀邏輯模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 混合多項邏輯模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) discrete choice modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) multinomial logit modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) nested multinomial logit modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) mixed logit modelen_US
dc.title (題名) 應用個體選擇模式檢驗促銷活動之成效zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 洪順慶(2000)行銷管理,新陸書局,9月二版,Chap15,544-546頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 姜榮新(2000),捷運系統票價彈性之研究,交通大學交通運輸研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳成業(2001),資料庫行銷之品牌選擇模式研究,國立台灣大學國際企業學系研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baltas, G., Doyle, P. and Dyson, P.(1997) “A model of consumer choice for national vs private label brands”, Journal of the Operational Research Society ,48,988-995.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ben-Akiva, M.(1973), Structure of Passenger Travel Demand Models. Ph.D. dissertation.Department of Civil Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ben-Akiva, M. and Lerman, S. P.(1985),Discrete Choice Analysis: Theory and Application to Travel Demand, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bhat, C. R.(1995), “A Heteroscedastic Extreme Value Model of Intercity Travel Mode Choice”, Transportation Research B, 29, 471-483.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chintagunta, P. K., Jain, D. C. and Vilcassim, N.(1991), “Investigating Heterogeneity in Brand Preference in Logit Models for Panel Data” Journal of Marketing Research, 28,417-428.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gonul, F. and Kannan, S.(1993), “Modeling Multiple Sources of Heterogeneity in Multinomial Logit Models:Methodological and Managerial Issues”, Marketing Science, 12,213-229.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Guadagni, P. M. and Little, J. D. C.(1983), “A Logit Model of Brand Choice Calibrated on Scanner Data”,Marketing Science, 2,203-238.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Guadagni, P. M. and Little, J. D. C.(1998), “When and What to Buy:A Nested Logit Model of Coffee Purchase”,Journal of Forecasting,17,303-326.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hausman, J. and Wise, D.(1978), “A Conditional Probit Model for Qualitative Choice:Discrete Decisions Recognizing Interdependence and Heterogeneous Preferences”,Econometrica, 48,403-429.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jain, D. C. ,Vilcassim, N. J. and Chintagunta, P. K.(1994), “A Random-Coefficients Logit Brand Choice Model Applied to Panel data”, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 12, 317-328.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kamakura, W. A. and Russell G. J.(1989), “A Probability Choice Model for Market Segmentation and Elasticity Structure” ,Journal of Marketing Research, 26,379-390.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kannan, P. K. and Wright, G. P.(1991), “Modeling and Testing Structured Markets:A Nested Logit Approach”, Marketing Science, 10, 58-82.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Koppelman, F. S. and Wen, C. H.(2000) , “The Paired Combinatorial Logit Model:Properties,Estimation and Application”,Transportation Research B,34 ,75-89.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Koppelman, F. S. and Wen, C. H.(2001) , “The Generalized Nested Logit Model”, Transportation Research B, 35,627-641.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McFadden, D.(1974), “Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior”, In Frontiers in Econometrics, P. Zarembka, ed. Academic Press,New York,105-142.zh_TW
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