學術產出-Theses

題名 從創新觀點檢視創作共享機制與著作權保護及知識分享擴散之關係
Creative Commons and Its Relationship with Copyright Protection and Knowledge Sharing Distribution ~from an Innovation Perspective~
作者 盧文祥
Lu,Wen-Hsiang
貢獻者 劉江彬
Liu,Paul C.B.
盧文祥
Lu,Wen-Hsiang
關鍵詞 創作共享
授權契約
CC授權條款
著作權保護
知識分享
知識擴散
制度創新
Creative Commons
Licensing Agreement
CC Licensing Terms
Copyrights Protection
Knowledge Sharing
Knowledge Proliferation
System Innovation
日期 2005
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 09:15:42 (UTC+8)
摘要 著作肩負著人類對文化傳承、藝術發揚及知識分享的重責大任,影響深遠,自應創造因誘因加以鼓勵並給予適當的法律保障;惟現代著作權法保護創作人的思維均藉由「創作完成自動保護」的途徑,賦予創作人各種著作人格權及著作財產權,一改往昔仍須藉由註冊審查或登記列冊方能享有著作權的傳統作法。然而,任何偉大的著作,其價值乃貴在廣為利用方能源遠流傳,前述各類創作人是否分享或放棄著作權之意願,由法律自動保留全部權利(all rights reserved)的預設(default)立場,使得利用人在利用著作或接續創作的平台受到重重的限制,除了能符合較抽象的「合理使用」範疇以外,利用著作前均須依法取得權利人之同意或授權方能免除因此所生侵權責任。
對於一向主張著作應視為公共財的自由派學者,前述加諸廣大利用人動輒得咎的法律限制,顯然會認為對於知識分享擴散造成阻礙的結果無法忍受,於是美國史丹福大學Lawrence Lessig教授即於2002年間號召有識之士,倡導「Creative Commons」(本研究稱為「創作共享」)之運動,藉由「保留部分著作權」(some rights reserved)的理念,設計鬆綁著作權法以釋出著作權的機制,現正積極在世界各國間推廣中。
本研究即針對上述理念之興起,思考此一創新機制與知識分享擴散及著作權保護間有無相關,並試圖找出可能直接影響機制之關鍵因素提供建言。在第一章部分,除敍明研究動機、目的、範圍、限制外,更直指本研究之問題所在及預期之貢獻;第二章即針對研究主題,包括過去對著作權保護、創作共享機制、知識分享擴散及制度創新的研究進行文獻探討,第三章則對研究核心創作共享機制具體實踐之契約條款予以法律剖析檢驗,並釋疑部分易為外界混淆或誤解之觀念;第四章則詳細闡明研究方法後,設定各個命題及假設,並各賦予操作化定義,落實為問卷調查之問題及選項,第五章則以立意取向調查方式發放及回收共547份有效問卷,並以11.0版SPSS軟體執行問卷數據分析並進而出各項判讀,印證前述命題及假設相關程度,另從管理意涵賦予各項解讀之詮釋;第六章則藉由坊間已先後運行的四個類似創作共享機制的個案,將前述檢驗的內外因素、體質因素、驅動因素等研究構面逐一比較,第七章即就研究成果列出結論並提出後續研究之建議以供來者繼續接棒發揚。
Creative work carries the responsibilities of cultural inheritance, artistic manifestation, and knowledge sharing; its influences are far reaching and the work ought to be encouraged and properly protected by law. In contrast to traditional copyright laws, whereby protection was given only after registration or examination, current copyright laws give protection to creative work upon its completion, and provide the creator with all kinds of moral integrity rights and copyrights. However, the value of a masterpiece lies in its widespread use, and the current legal system gives the creator, by default, all rights to reserve their intention to share or forfeit their copyrights. From the user’s standpoint, this protective system means limitations and restrictions in using creative work or in continuing creative platform—requiring the user to obtain agreement or license from the rights owner for any use of the work outside the scope of “fair use.”
Liberal scholars who believe creative work ought to be public property find these legal restrictions on users and limitations on the proliferation of knowledge sharing intolerable. In 2002, under the appeal of Stanford’s Professor Lawrence Lessig, the movement for Creative Commons was begun. Under this model, relaxation of copyrights with some rights reserved is called for, and this idea is being widely promoted throughout the world.
This study focuses on the development of this new ideology and examines its relationship with the proliferation of knowledge sharing and copyrights protection, and further inspects the key factors that may directly influence this new mechanism as well as provides necessary suggestions. Chapter One explains the motivation, purpose, scope, and limitation of this study as well as pointing out the problems and expectations of this study. Chapter Two focuses on the main theme of this study, including empirical studies on past copyright protections, creative commons mechanism, proliferation of knowledge sharing and innovation of its system. Chapter Three examines the legal aspects of the creative commons licensing agreement and clarifies the parts that are confusing or can be easily misunderstood. Chapter Four explains the research approach and sets up theories for each topic, and defines the procedures for selecting questions for the survey. Chapter Five analyzes the 547 valid surveys, which were distributed using the conceptual approach, using v.11.0 of SPSS against the topic and theories set forth in the previous chapter, and interpret each item in the survey via management connotation. Chapter Six compares four existing mechanisms similar to the creative commons model in terms internal and external factors, physical factors, and driving factors. Chapter Seven discusses the results of this study and states suggestions for subsequent research.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
科技管理研究所
88359505
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0088359505
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 劉江彬zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Liu,Paul C.B.en_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 盧文祥zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lu,Wen-Hsiangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 盧文祥zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lu,Wen-Hsiangen_US
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 09:15:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 09:15:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 09:15:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0088359505en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34285-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 科技管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 88359505zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 著作肩負著人類對文化傳承、藝術發揚及知識分享的重責大任,影響深遠,自應創造因誘因加以鼓勵並給予適當的法律保障;惟現代著作權法保護創作人的思維均藉由「創作完成自動保護」的途徑,賦予創作人各種著作人格權及著作財產權,一改往昔仍須藉由註冊審查或登記列冊方能享有著作權的傳統作法。然而,任何偉大的著作,其價值乃貴在廣為利用方能源遠流傳,前述各類創作人是否分享或放棄著作權之意願,由法律自動保留全部權利(all rights reserved)的預設(default)立場,使得利用人在利用著作或接續創作的平台受到重重的限制,除了能符合較抽象的「合理使用」範疇以外,利用著作前均須依法取得權利人之同意或授權方能免除因此所生侵權責任。
對於一向主張著作應視為公共財的自由派學者,前述加諸廣大利用人動輒得咎的法律限制,顯然會認為對於知識分享擴散造成阻礙的結果無法忍受,於是美國史丹福大學Lawrence Lessig教授即於2002年間號召有識之士,倡導「Creative Commons」(本研究稱為「創作共享」)之運動,藉由「保留部分著作權」(some rights reserved)的理念,設計鬆綁著作權法以釋出著作權的機制,現正積極在世界各國間推廣中。
本研究即針對上述理念之興起,思考此一創新機制與知識分享擴散及著作權保護間有無相關,並試圖找出可能直接影響機制之關鍵因素提供建言。在第一章部分,除敍明研究動機、目的、範圍、限制外,更直指本研究之問題所在及預期之貢獻;第二章即針對研究主題,包括過去對著作權保護、創作共享機制、知識分享擴散及制度創新的研究進行文獻探討,第三章則對研究核心創作共享機制具體實踐之契約條款予以法律剖析檢驗,並釋疑部分易為外界混淆或誤解之觀念;第四章則詳細闡明研究方法後,設定各個命題及假設,並各賦予操作化定義,落實為問卷調查之問題及選項,第五章則以立意取向調查方式發放及回收共547份有效問卷,並以11.0版SPSS軟體執行問卷數據分析並進而出各項判讀,印證前述命題及假設相關程度,另從管理意涵賦予各項解讀之詮釋;第六章則藉由坊間已先後運行的四個類似創作共享機制的個案,將前述檢驗的內外因素、體質因素、驅動因素等研究構面逐一比較,第七章即就研究成果列出結論並提出後續研究之建議以供來者繼續接棒發揚。
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dc.description.abstract (摘要) Creative work carries the responsibilities of cultural inheritance, artistic manifestation, and knowledge sharing; its influences are far reaching and the work ought to be encouraged and properly protected by law. In contrast to traditional copyright laws, whereby protection was given only after registration or examination, current copyright laws give protection to creative work upon its completion, and provide the creator with all kinds of moral integrity rights and copyrights. However, the value of a masterpiece lies in its widespread use, and the current legal system gives the creator, by default, all rights to reserve their intention to share or forfeit their copyrights. From the user’s standpoint, this protective system means limitations and restrictions in using creative work or in continuing creative platform—requiring the user to obtain agreement or license from the rights owner for any use of the work outside the scope of “fair use.”
Liberal scholars who believe creative work ought to be public property find these legal restrictions on users and limitations on the proliferation of knowledge sharing intolerable. In 2002, under the appeal of Stanford’s Professor Lawrence Lessig, the movement for Creative Commons was begun. Under this model, relaxation of copyrights with some rights reserved is called for, and this idea is being widely promoted throughout the world.
This study focuses on the development of this new ideology and examines its relationship with the proliferation of knowledge sharing and copyrights protection, and further inspects the key factors that may directly influence this new mechanism as well as provides necessary suggestions. Chapter One explains the motivation, purpose, scope, and limitation of this study as well as pointing out the problems and expectations of this study. Chapter Two focuses on the main theme of this study, including empirical studies on past copyright protections, creative commons mechanism, proliferation of knowledge sharing and innovation of its system. Chapter Three examines the legal aspects of the creative commons licensing agreement and clarifies the parts that are confusing or can be easily misunderstood. Chapter Four explains the research approach and sets up theories for each topic, and defines the procedures for selecting questions for the survey. Chapter Five analyzes the 547 valid surveys, which were distributed using the conceptual approach, using v.11.0 of SPSS against the topic and theories set forth in the previous chapter, and interpret each item in the survey via management connotation. Chapter Six compares four existing mechanisms similar to the creative commons model in terms internal and external factors, physical factors, and driving factors. Chapter Seven discusses the results of this study and states suggestions for subsequent research.
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dc.description.tableofcontents 謝誌……………………………………………………………………… I
中英文摘要……………………………………………………………… V
目錄……………………………………………………………………… IX
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………… XIV
表目錄…………………………………………………………………… XV
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究背景與動機………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究問題與目的………………………………………… 4
第三節 研究回顧與定位………………………………………… 7
第四節 研究流程與論文結構
一、研究流程……………………………………………… 8
二、論文結構……………………………………………… 8

第二章 文獻探討
第一節 著作權保護制度
一、著作權之發展………………………………………… 11
二、著作權之誕生─創作保護主義……………………… 15
三、著作權的合理使用…………………………………… 19
第二節 創作共享機制
一、源起…………………………………………………… 23
二、創作共享運作之現況………………………………… 28
三、與CC相似之作法與聚落……………………………… 34
第三節 知識分享與擴散
一、知識意義與定位之轉變……………………………… 44
二、知識的經濟特性……………………………………… 47
三、知識分享內外在動機………………………………… 56
四、創作共享、知識分享與著作權保護………………… 61
第四節 制度創新與採用
一、創新之定義與分類…………………………………… 67
二、制度創新的理論與實例……………………………… 69
三、創新的擴散與採用…………………………………… 71

第三章 創作共享機制之具體實踐與法律檢驗
第一節 當今著作財產權利用的困境
一、合意授權……………………………………………… 75
二、強制授權……………………………………………… 77
三、授權的難題…………………………………………… 77
四、授權實務運作狀況…………………………………… 83
第二節 創作共享授權條款之法律分析
一、問題之提出…………………………………………… 85
二、創作共享授權模式法律問題解疑…………………… 89
三、小結…………………………………………………… 95
第三節 創作共享觀念釋疑及與著作權法現有制度之調和
一、創作共享觀念釋疑…………………………………… 97
二、創作共享與著作權法現有制度之調和……………… 98

第四章 研究方法
第一節 研究架構與構面………………………………………… 103
第二節 研究命題與假設………………………………………… 104
第三節 研究變數及操作化定義………………………………… 106
第四節 資料分析方法與流程…………………………………… 109

第五章 資料分析與解析
第一節 樣本基本資料分析……………………………………… 111
第二節 信效度檢定
一、效度檢定……………………………………………… 115
二、信度檢定……………………………………………… 115
第三節 權利人與利用人
一、創作類型……………………………………………… 121
二、經濟能力……………………………………………… 126
三、法制認知……………………………………………… 132
四、購買能力……………………………………………… 138
第四節 外在因素
一、驅動因素………….…………………………………… 144
二、體質因素………….…………………………………… 149
第五節 創作共享機制的預期效益
一、知識分享……………………………………………… 156
二、著作權保護…………………………………………… 158
第六節 影響機制與效果的迴歸分析
一、影響創作共享機制的構面…………………………… 162
二、影響創作共享機制效果的構面……………………… 164
第七節 資料整理總結
一、權利人與利用人的認同差異………………………… 167
二、研究假設與研究架構的印證………………………… 168
三、各構面影響力的比較………………………………… 172
第八節 問卷資訊與各構面的管理意涵
一、權利人與利用人難以區隔……………………………… 175
二、經濟利益不一定成為必然的動機………………………. 176
三、推動已經涵蓋參與,也證實推動會有成效…………… 177
四、機制的便利性會影響到初期採用者……………………. 178
五、信任機制是著作權保護的關鍵因素……………………. 179
六、新的機制應該重視著作權保護,再談知識分享……… 181

第六章 相關個案的分析與比較
第一節 維基百科
一、系統簡介……………………………………………… 183
二、在維基上創作的權利人……………………………… 185
三、到維基查詢的利用人………………………………… 186
四、驅動維基發展的因素………………………………… 187
五、維基的便捷操作與信任機制………………………… 188
第二節 部落格的應用
一、部落格簡介…………………………………………… 189
二、部落格的架設者(權利人) …………………………… 190
三、閱覽部落格的網友(利用人) ………………………… 191
四、驅動部落格發展的因素……………………………… 192
五、部落格的操作便捷與信任因素……………………… 193
第三節 奇摩「知識+」服務
一、「知識+」簡介………………………………………… 194
二、回答問題的知識權利人……………………………… 194
三、查詢「知識+」的利用人…………………………… 195
四、「知識+」的驅動因素………………………………… 196
五、「知識+」的體質因素………………………………… 196
第四節 美國專利商標局的專利審查分享系統
一、系統簡介……………………………………………… 198
二、專業領域的會員(權利人) …………………………… 199
三、美國專利商標局(利用人) …………………………… 199
四、驅動專利審查分享系統發展的因素………………… 200
五、專利審查分享系統的操作便捷與信任因素…………… 201
第五節 個案綜合比較……………………………………………… 202

第七章 總結與建議
第一節 研究結論
一、機制浮現的基礎……………………………………… 209
二、共享機制的可行商業模式…………………………… 210
三、從自由軟體到自由著作……………………………… 211
四、保護為主、分享為輔………………………………… 212
五、由網路世界到真實世界……………………………… 212
第二節 創作共享機制的自發脈動
一、權利人的參與………………………………………… 214
二、利用人的維持………………………………………… 215
三、創作共享的著作權歸類……………………………… 217
第三節 對後續研究的建議……………………………………… 221

參考文獻………………………………………………………………… 225

附錄
附錄一 論文問卷………………………………………………… 231
附錄二 問卷整理………………………………………………… 238
附錄三 各研究假設的解釋……………………………………… 249
附錄四 創作共享授權條款2.5版……………………………… 255
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0088359505en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創作共享zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 授權契約zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) CC授權條款zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 著作權保護zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 知識分享zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 知識擴散zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 制度創新zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Creative Commonsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Licensing Agreementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) CC Licensing Termsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Copyrights Protectionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Knowledge Sharingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Knowledge Proliferationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) System Innovationen_US
dc.title (題名) 從創新觀點檢視創作共享機制與著作權保護及知識分享擴散之關係zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Creative Commons and Its Relationship with Copyright Protection and Knowledge Sharing Distribution ~from an Innovation Perspective~en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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