| dc.contributor.advisor | 于卓民<br>譚丹琪 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Yu, Chow-ming<br>Tan, Dan-chi | en_US |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 陳顗娟 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Chen, Yi-chuan | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 陳顗娟 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Chen, Yi-chuan | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2002 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 18-Sep-2009 13:23:10 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 18-Sep-2009 13:23:10 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 18-Sep-2009 13:23:10 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0090355011 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34942 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 企業管理研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 90355011 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 91 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 廠商國際化與產品多角化程度對績效的影響有其重要性，然而過去的研究多著重於已開發國家，並針對大型多國籍企業之整體績效進行探討。本研究以經濟部統計處所進行的中華民國89年與91年製造業對外投資實況調查為樣本，分別由母公司與子公司角度著眼，探討國際化與產品多角化程度對台灣製造廠商於大陸投資之子公司以及台灣母公司本身績效之影響。 實證結果顯示：子公司之資源對其國際化和產品多角化程度均有正向影響，而國際化與產品多角化對於子公司績效亦分別具正向影響；母公司資源與國際化程度、水平相關的產品多角化程度均具有正向關係，而水平相關的產品多角化程度對於母公司績效亦存在正向影響。亦即，無論由母公司和子公司的角度切入，資源多寡有助於企業從事進一步的國際化和產品多角化策略，而藉由上述兩種成長策略之採行，對於公司的績效亦有提昇之效。惟母公司資源於89年資料分析中，對國際化程度呈現負向影響；而母公司國際化程度對績效也顯示為負向關係，本文研判原因應為實務界的運作中，國際化程度越高的企業越具有操弄績效的便利性，而國際化的指標選擇受限於次級資料之問卷設計，均對上述模型之統計結果有所誤導，相關探討請詳見本論文。此外，針對國際化與產品多角化影響績效之交互效果的分析顯示，產品多角化對於國際化與績效間正向關係的干擾效果不顯著，亦即廠商進行產品多角化策略對於國際化和績效間的正向效果無顯著助益。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | There seems to be a paucity of research regarding the interrelationships among internationalization, product diversification and performance, especially on the level of subsidiary. Additionally, past studies mostly described the results of firms from DCs. This research is designed to fill these voids. Based on literature on international business and strategic management, this study examines the relationships of performance with internationalization, product diversification and their interaction on Taiwanese manufacturing firms in 1999 and 2001. The data were from the “Survey of Foreign Direct Investment by Taiwanese Manufacturing Firms” conducted by the Statistics Department of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C., annually.The empirical results showed that：(1) A Taiwanese firm with more than 200 employees tends to engage in internationalization more likely, and is able to exercise higher degree of corporate horizontally related international product diversification (2) A Taiwanese firm with more than 200 employees outperforms those with fewer employees. (3) Subsidiaries with more than 200 employees tend to have more internationalization and product diversification activities, and tend to outperform those with fewer employees. (4) Internationalization and product diversification at the subsidiary level are positively related to subsidiary performance. (5) Horizontally related international product diversification at the corporate level is positively related to corporate performance.However, the results did not show that internationalization at the corporate level is positively related to corporate performance. Besides, it did not support that product diversifications at both the corporate and subsidiary levels contribute significantly to the relationship between internationalization and performance. In other words, one type of growth strategy (i.e., product diversification) does not significantly change the relationship between another type of growth strategy (i.e., internationalization) and performance. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Table of ContentsAcknowledgement iAbstract iiChapter I：Introduction 11.1 Background of the research 11.2 Research Questions and definitions of terms 41.3 Significance of the Research 61.4 The Limitation of the Research 81.5 Organization of the Research 9Chapter II：Literature Review and Hypotheses 102.1 Introduction and Research Framework 102.2 Resources and Growth Strategies 132.2.1 Defining Resources and Growth Strategies 132.2.2 The Impact of Resources on Internationalization and Product Diversification 152.2.2.1 Corporate Level 152.2.2.2 Subsidiary Level 162.2.3 Hypotheses 182.3 Internationalization and Performance 192.3.1 The Definition and Measurement of Internationalization 192.3.2 The Relationship between Internationalization and Performance 222.3.3 Hypotheses 252.4 Product Diversification and Performance 272.4.1 The Definition and Measurement of Product Diversification 272.4.2 The Relationship between Product Diversification and Performance 282.4.3 Hypotheses 312.5 The Moderating Effect 342.5.1 The Moderator 342.5.2 The Influence of the Moderator on the Internationalization－Performance Relationship 352.5.3 Hypotheses 36Chapter III：Research Methodology 373.1 Data Source 373.2 Measurements 393.2.1 Dependent Variable 393.2.2 Independent Variables 393.2.3 Control Variables 423.3 Analyzing Techniques 44Chapter IV：Empirical Results 454.1 Descriptive Statistics 454.2 Hypotheses testing：Corporate Level 504.3 Hypotheses testing：Subsidiary Level 594.4 Discussion 664.4.1 Corporate Level 664.4.2 Subsidiary Level 71Chapter V：Conclusions and Implications 745.1 Conclusion 745.2 Managerial Implications 815.3 Suggestions for Future Research 83References 85Appendices 101List of Figures and Tables【Figure 1.5】 Research Process 9【Figure 2.1】 Research Framework 12【Table 2.3.2】 The Empirical Results of Relationship between Internationalization and Performance 23【Table 2.4.2】 The Empirical Results of Relationship between Product Diversification and Performance 29【Table 4.1 A】 Descriptive Statistics and Correlations for the Corporate Sample 46【Table 4.1 B】 Descriptive Statistics and Correlations for the Corporate Sample（2001 Data） 47【Table 4.1 C】 Descriptive Statistics and Correlations for the Subsidiary Sample 48【Table 4.1 D】 Descriptive Statistics and Correlations for the Subsidiary Sample（2001 Data） 49【Table 4.2 A】 Results of Regression on Corporate Internationalization 53【Table 4.2 B】 Results of Regression on Corporate Product Diversification 54【Table 4.2 C】 Results of Regression on Corporate Performance 55【Table 4.2 D】 Results of Regression on Corporate Internationalization（2001 Data） 56【Table 4.2 E】 Results of Regression on Corporate Product Diversification（2001 Data） 57【Table 4.2 F】 Results of Regression on Corporate Performance（2001 Data） 58【Table 4.3 A】 Results of Regression on Subsidiary Internationalization 61【Table 4.3 B】 Results of Regression on Subsidiary Product Diversification 62【Table 4.3 C】 Results of Regression on Subsidiary Performance 63【Table 4.3 E】 Results of Regression on Subsidiary Product Diversification（2001 Data） 64【Table 4.3 F】 Results of Regression on Subsidiary Performance（2001 Data） 65【Table 4.4 A】 Foreign subsidiary sales ratio of Taiwanese SMEs and large firms 67【Table 5.1 A】 The Summary of the Hypotheses Testing Results at Corporate Level 77【Table 5.1 B】 The Summary of the Hypotheses Testing Results at Subsidiary Level 78 | zh_TW |
| dc.format.extent | 146163 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 96177 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 120878 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 182919 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 162760 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 606881 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 151064 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 1635718 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 278130 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 308609 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 865245 bytes | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090355011 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 子公司 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 資源 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 國際化 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 產品多角化 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 績效 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Subsidiary | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Resources | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Internationalization | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Product diversification | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Performance | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 國際化與產品多角化對績效之影響——台灣製造廠商在大陸投資之實證研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | Internationalization, Product Diversification and Performance：An Examination of Taiwanese Manufacturing Firms in China | en_US |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | References | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 1.Abegglen, J. C. / Stalk, Jr. (1985). Kaisha, the Japanese corporation, New York：Basic Book. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 2.Aleson, Marisa Ramirez / Escuer, Manuel Antonio Espitia (2001). The effect of international diversification strategy on the performance of Spanish-based firms during the period 1991∼1995. Management International Review, 41 (3), pp.291∼315. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 3.Amit, R. / Livnat, J. (1988). Diversification strategies, business cycles and economic performance. Strategic Management Journal, 9 (2), pp.99∼110. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 4.Andrews, K. (1971). The concept of corporate strategy, Homewood, IL：Dow Jones. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 5.Annavarijula, Madan / Beldona, Sam (2000). Multinationality-performance relationship：A review and reconceptualization. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 8 (1), pp.48∼67. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 6.Ansoff, H. I. (1965). Corporate strategy：An analytical approach to business policy for growth and expansion, New York：McGraw-Hill. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 7.Balabanis, G. I. (2001). The relationship between diversification and performance in export intermediary firms. British Journal of Management, 12 (1), pp.67∼84. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 8.Barney, J.B. (1986). Types of competition and the theory of strategy：Toward an integrated framework. Academy of Management Review, 11 (4), pp.791∼800. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 9.Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), pp.99∼120. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 10.Bartlett, C. A., / Ghoshal, S. (1989). Managing Across Borders：The Transnational Solution, London：Hutchinson Business Books. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 11.Baysinger, B. D. / Hoskisson, R. E. (1989). Diversification strategy and R&D intensity in large multiproduct firms. Academy of Management Journal, 32 (2), pp.310∼332. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 12.Bengtsson, L. (2000). Corporate strategy in a small open economy：Reducing product diversification while increasing international diversification. European Management Journal, 18 (4), pp.444∼453. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 13.Beamish, P. W. / Banks, J. C. (1987). Equity joint ventures and the theory of the multinational enterprises, Journal of International Business Studies, 18 (2), pp.1∼16. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 14.Beamish, P. W. / Morrison, A. J. / Rosenzweig, P. M. / Inkpen, A. C. (2002). International Management：Text and Cases, Boston：McGraw-Hill. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 15.Berger, P. G. / Ofek, E. (1995). Diversification`s effect on firm value. Journal of Financial Economics, 37 (1),pp.39∼65. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 16.Bettis, R. A. (1981). Performance differences in related and unrelated diversified firms. Strategic Management Journal, 2 (9), pp.379∼383. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 17.Bettis, R. A. / Hall, W. K. (1982). Diversification strategy, accounting determined risk, and accounting determined return. Academy of Management Journal, 25 (2), pp.254∼264. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 18.Bettis, R. A. / Mahajan, V. (1985). Risk/return performance of diversified firms. Management Science, 31 (7), pp.785∼799. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 19.Birkinshaw, Julian (1996). How multinational subsidiary mandates are gained and lost. Journal of International Business Studies, 27 (3), pp.467∼495. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 20.Birkinshaw, Julian (1997). Entrepreneurship in multinational corporations：The characteristics of subsidiary initiatives. Strategic Management Journal, 18 (3), pp. 207∼229. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 21.Birkinshaw, Julian / Hood, N. (1997). An empirical study of development processes in foreign-owned subsidiaries in Canada and Scotland. Management International Review, 37 (4), pp. 339∼364. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 22.Birkinshaw, Julian (1998). Corporate entrepreneurship in network organizations：How subsidiary initiative drives internal market efficiency. European Management Journal, 16 (3), pp.355∼364. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 23.Birkinshaw, Julian / Fry N. (1998). Subsidiary initiatives to develop new markets. Sloan Management Review, 39 (3), pp.51∼61. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 24.Birkinshaw, Julian / Hood, N. / Jonsson, S. (1998). Building firm-specific advantages in multinational corporations：The role of subsidiary initiative. Strategic Management Journal, 19 (3), pp.221∼241. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 25.Brewer, H. L. (1981). Investors benefits from corporate international diversification. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 16 (1), pp.113∼124. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 26.Brooke, Michael Z. (1984). Autonomy and Centralization in Multinational Firms. International Studies of Management & Organization, 14 (1), pp.3∼20. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 27.Buckley, P. J. / Casson, M. C. (1976). The Future of Multinational Enterprise, New York：Holmes & Meier Publishers. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 28.Buckley, P. J. (1988). The limits of explanation：Testing the internationalization theory of the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies, 19 (2), pp.181∼194. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 29.Buckley, P. J. / Casson, M. C. (1988). The theory of cooperation in international business. In Cooperative Strategies in International Business, Contractor F. J., Lorange P. (ed.). Lexington Books：Lexington, MA：pp.28∼34. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 30.Buhner, R. (1987). Assessing international diversification of West German corporations. Strategic Management Journal, 8 (1), pp.25∼37. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 31.Caves, R. E. (1971). Industrial corporations：The industrial economics of foreign investment, Economica, 38 (1), pp.1∼27. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 32.Chandler, A. D. (1962). Strategy and Structure, Cambridge, MA：MIT Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 33.Chang, S. J. / Choi, U. (1988). Strategy, structure and performance of Korean business groups. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 37 (4), pp.141∼158. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 34.Chang, Y. / Thomas, H. (1989). The impact of diversification strategy on risk-return performance. Strategic Management Journal, 10 (3), pp.271∼284. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 35.Chiao, Y-C / Yu, C-M J. / Lin, C. Y-Y (2002). Internationalization, capability for differentiation and performance：An examination of large Taiwanese firms. Management Journal, 19 (5), pp.811∼842. 〔喬友慶、于卓民、林月雲，（2002）：〈國際化程度與產品差異化能力對廠商績效之影響——台灣大型製造廠商之實證研究〉，《管理學報》，第19卷，第5期，頁811∼842。〕 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 36.Christensen, H. K. / Montgomery, C. A. (1981). Corporate economic performance：Diversification strategy versus market structure. Strategic Management Journal, 2 (4), pp.327∼343. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 37.Chu, Wenyi / Chuang, Cheng-Min (1999). Decision-making autonomy and divisional effectiveness in multibusiness firms：From contingency perspective to cultural control perspective. Asia Pacific Management Review, 4 (4), pp.345∼356.〔朱文儀、莊正民，（1999）：〈決策自主程度對多角化企業之事業單位經營績效之影響：情境觀點與文化控制觀點之探討〉，《亞太管理評論》，第4卷，第4期，頁345∼356。〕 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 38.Collins, J. M. (1990). A market performance comparison of U.S. firms active in domestic developed and developing countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 21 (2), pp.271∼287. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 39.Comment, R. / Jarrell G. A. (1994). Corporate focus and stock returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 37 (1), pp.67∼87. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 40.Daniels, J. D. / Bracker, J. (1989). Profit performance：Do foreign operations make a difference. Management International Review, 29 (1), pp.46∼56. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 41.Dass, Parshotam (2000). Relationship of firm size, initial diversification, and internationalization with strategic change. Journal of Business Research, 48 (2), pp.135∼146. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 42.Datta, D. K. / Rajagopalan, N. / Rasheed, A. M. A. (1991). Diversification and performance：Critical review and future directions. Journal of Management Studies, 28 (5), pp.529∼558. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 43.Davidson, W. H. (1980). The location of foreign investment activity. Journal of International Business Studies, 11 (3), pp.9∼23. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 44.Davis, P. S. / Robinson, R. B. / Pearce, J. A. / Park, S. H. (1992). Business unit relatedness and performance：A look at the pulp and paper industry. Strategic Management Journal, 13 (5), pp.349∼361. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 45.Delios, Andrea / Beamish, Paul W. (1999). Geographic scope, product diversification, and the corporate performance of Japanese Firms. Strategic Management Journal, 20 (8), pp.711∼727. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 46.Delios, Andrea / Beamish, Paul W. (2001). Survival profitability：The roles of experience and intangible assets in foreign subsidiary performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44 (5), pp.1028∼1038. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 47.Denis, D. / Denis, D. / Sarin, A. (1997). Agency problems, equity ownership, and corporate diversification. Journal of Finance, 52, pp.135∼160. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 48.Dess, Gregory G. / Gupta, Anil / Hennart, Jean-Francois / Hill, Charles W. L. (1995). Conducting and integrating strategy research at the international, corporate, and business levels：Issues and directions. Journal of Management, 21 (3), pp.357∼393. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 49.Dubofsky, P. / Varadarajan, P. (1987). Diversification and measures of performance：Additional empirical evidence. Academy of Management Journal, 30 (3), pp.597∼608. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 50.Dunning, J. H. (1971). The multinational enterprise, New York：Praeger. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 51.Dunning, J. H. (1981). International Production and the Multinational Enterprise, Allen and Unwin：London. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 52.Dunning, J. H. (1988). The eclectic paradigm of international production：A restatement and some possible extensions. Journal of International Business Studies, 19 (1). pp.1∼32. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 53.Dunning, J. H. (1993). Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 54.Dyas, G. P. / Thanheiser, H. T. (1976). The Emerging European Enterprise-Strategy and Structure in French and German firms, London：MacMillan Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 55.Errunza, V. R. / Senbet, L. W. (1984). International corporate diversification, market valuation, and size-adjusted evidence. The Journal of Finance, 39 (3), pp.727∼743. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 56.Frost, Tony S. (2001). The geographic sources of foreign subsidiaries` innovations. Strategic Management Journal, 22 (2), pp.101∼123. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 57.Garnier, Gerard H. (1982). Context and decision making autonomy in the foreign affiliates of U.S. multinational corporations. Academy of Management Journal, 25 (4), pp.893∼908. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 58.Gatignon, H. / Anderson, E. (1988). The multinational corporation’s degree of control over foreign subsidiaries：An empirical test of transaction cost explanation. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 42, pp.305∼336. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 59.Geringer, J. M. / Beamish, P. W. / daCosta, R. C. (1989). Diversification strategy and internationalization：Implications for MNE performance. Strategic Management Journal, 10 (2), pp.109∼119. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 60.Geringer, J. Michael / Tallman, Stephen / Olsen, David M. (2000). Product and international diversification among Japanese multinational firms. Strategic Management Journal, 21 (1), pp.51∼80. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 61.Ghoshal, S. (1987). Global strategy：An organizing framework. Strategic Management Journal, 8 (5), pp.109∼119. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 62.Ghoshal, Sumantra / Nohria, Nitin (1989). International differentiation within multinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal, 10 (4), pp.323∼337. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 63.Ghoshal, Sumantra / Nohria, Nitin (1993). Horses for courses：Organizational forms for multinational corporations. Sloan Management Review, 34(2), pp.23∼35. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 64.Gomes-Casseres, B. (1989). Joint ventures in the face of global competition. Sloan Management Review, 30(3), pp.17∼26. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 65.Gomes-Casseres, B. (1990). Firm ownership preferences and host government restrictions：An integrated approach. Journal of International Business Studies, 21 (1), pp.1∼22. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 66.Gomes, Lenn / Ramaswamy, Kannan (1999). An empirical examination of the form of the relationship between multinationality and performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 30 (1), pp.173∼188. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 67.Grant, R. M. (1987). Multinationality and performance among British manufacturing companies. Journal of International Business Studies, 18 (3), pp.79∼89. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 68.Grant, R. M. / Jammine, A. P. / Thomas, H. (1988). Diversity, diversification and profitability among British manufacturing companies, 1972∼1984. Academy of Management Journal, 31 (4), pp.771∼801. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 69.Grant, R. M. (1991). The resource based theory of competitive advantage：Implication for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33 (3), pp.114∼135. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 70.Grossman, S. J. / Hart, O. D. (1986). The costs and benefits of ownership：A theory of vertical and lateral integration. Journal of Political Economy, 94 (4), pp.691∼719. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 71.Haar, J. (1989). A comparative analysis of the profitability performance of the largest U.S., European and Japanese Multinational Enterprises. Management International Review, 29 (1), pp.5∼18. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 72.Han, K. C. / Lee, S. H. / Suk, D. Y. (1998). Multinationality and firm performance. Multinational Business Review, 6 (2), pp.63∼70. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 73.Harrigan, K. R. (1988). Strategic alliances and partner asymmetries. In Cooperative Strategies in International Business, Contractor F. J., Lorange P. (ed.). Lexington Books：Lexington, MA：pp.205∼226. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 74.Harrison, J. S, / Hitt, Michael A. / Hoskisson, Robert E. / Ireland, R. Duane (1991). Synergies and post-acquisition performance：Similarities versus differences in resource allocations. Journal of Management, 17 (1), pp.173∼190. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 75.Hennart, J-F. (1988). A transaction costs theory of equity joint ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 9 (4), pp.361∼374. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 76.Hill, C. W. L. / Snell, S. A. (1988). External control, corporate strategy, and firm performance in research-intensive industries. Strategic Management Journal, 9 (6), pp.577∼590. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 77.Hill, C. W. L. / Snell, S. A. (1989). Effects of ownership structure and control on corporate productivity. Academy of Management Journal, 32 (1), pp.25∼46. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 78.Hill, C. W. L. / Hansen, G. (1991). A longitudinal study of the causes and consequences of change diversification in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry 1977∼1986. Strategic Management Journal, 12 (3), pp.187∼199. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 79.Hill, C. W. L. / Hitt, M. A. / Hoskisson, R. E. (1992). Cooperative versus competitive structure in related and unrelated diversified firms. Organization Science, 3, pp.501∼521. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 80.Hitt, Michael A. / Hoskisson, Robert E. / Ireland, R. Duane (1994). A mid-range theory of the interactive effects of international and product diversification on innovation and performance. Journal of Management, 20 (2), pp.297∼326. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 81.Hitt, Michael A. / Hoskisson, Robert E. / Kim, H. (1997). International Diversification：Effects on Innovation and Firm Performance in Product-Diversified Firms. Academy of Management Journal, 40 (4), pp.767∼798. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 82.Hoopes, D. G. (1999). Measuring geographic diversification and product diversification. Management International Review, 39 (3), pp.277∼292. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 83.Horst, T. E. (1972). Firm and Industry determinants of the decision to invest abroad. Review of Economics and Statistics, 54 (3), pp.258∼266. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 84.Hoskisson, R. E. (1987). Multidivisional structure and performance：The contingency of diversification strategy. Academy of Management Journal, 30 (4), pp.625∼644. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 85.Hoskisson, R. E. / Hitt, M. A. (1988). Strategic control systems and relative R&D investment in large multiproduct firms. Strategic Management Journal, 9 (6), pp.605∼621. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 86.Hoskisson, R. E. / Hitt, M. A. (1990). Antecedents and performance outcomes of diversification：A review and critique of theoretical perspectives. Journal of Management, 16 (2), pp.461∼509. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 87.Hoskisson, R. E. / Hitt, M. A. / Johnson, R. A. / Moesel, D. D. (1993). Construct validity of an objective (entropy) categorical measure of diversification strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 14 (3), pp.215∼235. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 88.Hughes, John / Logue, Dennis / Sweeney, Richard (1975). Corporate international diversification and market assigned measures of risk and diversification. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 10 (4), pp.627∼637. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 89.Isobe, Takehiko / Makino, Shige / Montgomery, David B. (2000). Resource commitment, entry timing, and market performance of foreign direct investments in emerging economies：The case of Japanese international joint ventures in China. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (3), pp.468∼484. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 90.Ito, K. and Pucik, V. (1993). R&D spending, domestic competition, and export performance of Japanese manufacturing firms. Strategic Management Journal, 14(1), pp.61∼75. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 91.Johanson, J. K. / Vahlne, J. E. (1977). The internationalization process of the firm：A model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 8 (1), pp.23∼32. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 92.Johnson, H. G. (1977). The monetary approach to the balance of payments：A nontechnical guide. Journal of International Economics, 7 (August), pp.251∼268. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 93.Jung, Y. (1991). Multinationality and profitability. Journal of Business Research, 23 (2), pp.179∼187. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 94.Kang, Davia L. / Sorensen, Aage B. (1999). Ownership organization and firm performance. Annual Review of Sociology, 25, pp.121∼144. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 95.Kim, W. Chan / Hwang, Peter / Burger, Willem P. (1989). Global diversification strategy and corporate profit performance. Strategic Management Journal, 10 (1), pp.45∼57. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 96.Kim, W. Chan / Hwang, Peter / Burgers, Willem P. (1993). Multinationals` diversification and the risk-return trade-off. Strategic Management Journal, 14 (4), pp.275∼286. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 97.Kim, Chansog / Kim, Sungsoo / Pantzalis, Christos (2001). Firm diversification and earnings volatility：An empirical analysis of U.S.-based MNCs. American Business Review, 19 (1), pp.26∼38. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 98.Kogut, B. (1985). Designing global strategies：Profiting from operation flexibility. Sloan Management Review, 27 (1), pp.27∼38. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 99.Lall, S. (1980) Monopolistic advantages and foreign investment by U.K. manufacturing industry. Oxford Economic Papers, 32 (1), pp.102∼122. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 100.Lall, S., and R. Kumar (1981). Firm level export performance in an inward looking economy：The Indian engineering industry. World Development, 9(5), pp.452∼463. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 101.Lall, S. (1983). The Theoretical Background, in Lall, S. (ed), The New Multinationals, Chichester, UK：John Wiley & Son, pp.1∼20. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 102.Lewellen, W. (1971). A pure financial rationale for the conglomerate merger. Journal of Finance, 26, pp. 521∼537. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 103.Liao (2003). The effects on the autonomy of decision-making of the subsidiaries of Taiwanese Firms in China. Global Operation Forum：The 4th Symposium. 〔廖明坤，（2003）：〈台商大陸子公司決策自主權影響因素之研究〉，全球化經營策略論壇第四次論文發表會，政治大學企業管理學系，2003年1月。〕 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 104.Liouville, Jacques / Nanopoulos, Constantin (1996). Performance factors of subsidiaries abroad：Lessons in an analysis of German subsidiaries in France. Management International Review, 36 (2), pp.101∼121. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 105.Lubatkin, M. / Rogers, R. C. (1989). Diversification, systematic risk, and shareholder return：A capital market extension of Rumelt’s 1974 study. Academy of Management Journal, 32 (2), pp.454∼465. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 106.Lubatkin, M. / Chatterjee, S. (1991). The strategy/shareholder value relationship：Testing temporal stability across market cycles. Strategic Management Journal, 12 (3), pp.251∼270. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 107.Luffman, G.A./ Reed, R. (1984). The Strategy and Performance of British Industry, 1970∼1980, London：MacMillan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 108.Luo, Yadong / Peng, Mike W. (1999). Learning to compete in a transition economy：Experience, environment, and performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 30 (2), pp.269∼296. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 109.Luo, Yadong (2002). Product diversification in international joint ventures：Performance implications in an emerging market. Strategic Management Journal, 23 (1), pp.1∼20. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 110.Majd, S. / Myers, S. C. (1987). Tax asymmetries and corporate income tax reforms. Martin Feldstein, ed. Effects of Taxation on Capital Accumulation, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 111.Makino, S. / Beamish, P. W. (1998). Local ownership restrictions, entry mode choice, and FDI performance：Japanese overseas subsidiaries in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 15 (2), pp.119∼136. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 112.Melicher, F. W. / Rush, D. E. (1973). The performance of conglomerate firms：Recent risk and return experience. Journal of Finance, 28, pp.381∼388. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 113.Michel, A. / Shaked I. (1984). Does business diversification affect performance？ Financial Management, 13 (4), pp.18∼25. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 114.Michel, A. / Shaked I. (1986). Multinational corporations vs. domestic corporations：Financial performance and characteristics. Journal of International Business Studies, 18 (3), pp.89∼100. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 115.Milgrom, P. / Roberts, J. (1992). Economics, Organization and Management, Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice Hall. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 116.Miller, J. C. / Pras, B. (1980). The effects of multinational and export diversification on the profit stability of U.S. corporations. Southern Economic Journal, 46 (3), pp.792∼805. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 117.Mishra, C. S. / Gobeli, D. H. (1998). Managerial incentives, internalization, and market valuation of multinational firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 29(3), pp.583∼597. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 118.Montgomery, C. A. (1979). Diversification, Market Structure and Firm Performance：An Extension of Rumelt`s Model, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 119.Montgomery, C. A. (1982). The measurement of firm diversification：Some new empirical evidence. Academy of Management Journal, 25 (2), pp.299∼307. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 120.Montgomery, C. A. / Singh, H. (1984). Diversification strategy and systematic risk. Strategic Management Journal, 5 (2), pp.181∼191. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 121.Montgomery, C. A. (1985). Product-market diversification and market power. Academy of Management Journal, 28 (4), pp.789∼798. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 122.Montgomery, C. A. / Wernerfelt, B. (1988). Diversification, Recardian rents, and Tobin’s q. Rand Journal of Economics, 19 (4), pp.623∼632. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 123.Moore, Karl J. (2001). A strategy for subsidiaries：Centres of excellences to build subsidiary specific advantages. Management International Review, 41 (3), pp.275∼290. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 124.Morck, R. / Yeung, B. (1991). Why investors value multinationality. Journal of Business, 64 (2), pp.165∼187. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 125.Morck, R. / Yeung, B. (1992). Internalization：An event study test, Journal of International Economics, 33 (1-2), pp.41∼56. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 126.Morck, R. / Yeung, B. (1998). Why Firms Diversify：Internalization versus Agency Behavior, Ann Arbor：University of Michigan Business School. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 127.Nayyar, P. R. (1993). Performance effects of information asymmetry and economies of scope in diversified service firms. Academy of Management Journal, 36 (1), pp.28∼57. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 128.Nelson, C. R. / Winter, S. G. (1982). Organizational Capabilities and Behavior：An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 129.Nohria, Nitin / Ghoshal, Sumantra (1994). Differentiated fit and shared values：Alternatives for managing headquarters-subsidiary relations. Strategic Management Journal, 15 (6), pp.491∼502. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 130.O`Donnell, Sharon Watson (2000). Managing foreign subsidiaries：Agents of headquarters, or an interdependent network？ Strategic Management Journal, 21 (5), pp.525∼548. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 131.The Oriental Economist (ed.), (1984). Japanese overseas investment：A complete listing by firms and countries, 1984∼1985. The Oriental Economist, Tokyo. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 132.Palepu, K. (1985). Diversification strategy, profit performance and the entropy measure. Strategic Management Journal, 6 (3), pp.239∼255. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 133.Papadopoulos, N. / Denis, J-E. (1988). Inventory, taxonomy and assessment of methods for international market selection. International Marketing Review, 5 (3), pp.38∼51. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 134.Penrose, E. T. (1595). The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, Oxford：Basil Blackwell. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 135.Perlmutter, H. V. (1969). The tortuous evaluation of the multinational corporation. Columbia Journal of World Business, 4 (1), pp.9∼18. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 136.Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Press, New York. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 137.Prahalad, C. K. / Hamel, G. (1990). The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68 (3), pp.79∼81. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 138.Qian, G. (1998). Determinants of profit performance for the large U.S. firms 1981∼1992. Multinational Business Review, 6 (2), pp.44∼51. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 139.Ramanujam, V. / Varadarajan, P. (1989). Research on corporate diversification：A synthesis. Strategic Management Journal, 10(6), pp.523∼551. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 140.Ramaswamy, K. (1993). Multinationality and performance：An empirical examination of the moderating effect of configuration, Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, 16, pp.142∼146. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 141.Ramaswamy, K. (1995). Multinationality, configuration, and performance：A study of MNEs in the U.S. drug and pharmaceutical industry. Journal of International Management, 1 (2), pp.231∼253. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 142.Reed, R. / Luffman, G. A. (1986). Diversification：The growing confusion. Strategic Management Journal, 7 (1), pp.29∼35. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 143.Ronen / Simcha / Shenkar (1985). Clustering countries on attitudinal dimensions：A review and synthesis. Academy of Management Review, 10 (3), pp.435∼454. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 144.Rugman, A. M. (1982). New Theories of the Multinational Enterprise, New York：St. Martin`s. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 145.Rumelt, R. P. (1974). Strategy, Structure and Economic Performance, Boston：Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 146.Rumelt, R. P. (1982). Diversification strategy and profitability. Strategic Management Journal, 3 (4), pp.359∼369. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 147.Rumelt, R. P. (1991). How much does industry matter？Strategic Management Journal, 12 (2), pp.167∼186. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 148.Sambharya, Rakesh B. (1995). The combined effect of international diversification and product diversification strategies on the performance of US-based multinational corporations. Management International Review, 35 (3), pp.197∼218. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 149.Schmalensee, T. (1985). Do markets differ much？American Economic Review, 75 (2), pp.341∼351. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 150.Servaes, H. (1996). The value of diversification during the conglomerate merger wave. Journal of Finance, 51 (September), pp.1201∼1225. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 151.Shaked, I. (1986). Are multinational corporations safer？ Journal of International Business Studies, 44 (1), pp.1∼13. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 152.Shepherd, R. J. (1975). Public Opinion and European Integration, Lexington, MA：Lexington Books. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 153.Siddharthan, N. S. / Lall, S. (1982). Recent growth of the largest U.S. multinationals. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 44 (1), pp.1∼13. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 154.Simmonds, P. G. (1990). The combined diversification breadth and model dimensions and the performance of large diversified firms. Strategic Management Journal, 11 (5), pp.300∼312. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 155.Singh, Manohar / Mathur, Ike / Gleason, Kimberly C. / Etebari, Ahmad (2001). An empirical examination of the trend and performance implications of business diversification. The Journal of Business and Economic Studies, 7 (2), pp.25∼51. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 156.Statistics Department of Ministry of Economic Affairs (M.O.E.A.) (2000). Survey of foreign direct investment by manufacturing firms, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Executive Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.〔中華民國經濟部統計處，（2000），〈製造業對外投資實況調查報告〉，台北：中華民國經濟部統計處。〕 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 157.Statistics Department of Ministry of Economic Affairs (M.O.E.A.) (2002). Survey of foreign direct investment by manufacturing firms, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Executive Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.〔中華民國經濟部統計處，（2002），〈製造業對外投資實況調查報告〉，台北：中華民國經濟部統計處。〕 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 158.Stopford, J. M. / Wells, L. T. (1972). Managing the Multinational Enterprise, New York：Basic Books. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 159.Stopford, J. M. (1983). The World Directory of Multinational Enterprises, 1982∼1982. Macmillan, London. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 160.Stulz, R. (1990). Managerial discretion and optimal financing policies. Journal of Financial Economics, 26 (1), pp.3∼27. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 161.Sullivan D. (1994). Measuring the degree of internationalization of a firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 25 (2), pp.325∼342. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 162.Suzuki, Y. (1980). The strategy and structure of top Japanese industrial enterprises 1950∼1970. Strategic Management Journal, 1 (3), pp.265∼291. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 163.Taggart, James / Hood, Neil (1999). Determinants of autonomy in multinational corporation subsidiaries. European Management Journal, 17 (2), pp.226∼236. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 164.Teece, D. J. (1982). Towards an economic theory of the multi-product firm. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 3, pp.39∼63. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 165.Teece, D. J. (1986). Transaction cost economics and the multinational enterprise：An assessment. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 7 (1), pp.21∼45. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 166.Teece, D. J. / Pisano, G. / Shuen, A. (1990). Firm capabilities, resources, and the concept of strategy：Four paradigms of strategic management. CCC working paper 90-8, University of California, Berkley. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 167.Teece, D. J. / Pisano, G. (1994). The dynamic capabilities of firms：An introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3, pp.537∼556. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 168.Teece, D. / Pisano, G. / Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18 (7), pp.509∼533. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 169.Tallman, Stephen / Li, Jiatao (1996). Effects of international diversity and product diversity on the performance of multinational firms. Academy of Management Journal, 39 (1), pp.179∼196. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 170.Vachani, Sushil (1991). Distinguishing between related and international geographic diversification：A competitive measure of global diversification. Journal of International Business Studies, 22 (2), pp.307∼322. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 171.Van Oijen, Aswin (2001). Product diversification, corporate management instruments, resource sharing, and performance. Academy of Management Proceedings, BPS pp.M1∼M6. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 172.Varadarajan, P. / Ramanujam, V. (1987). Diversification and performance：A re-examination using a new two dimensional conceptualization of diversity in firms. Academy of Management Journal, 30 (2), pp.380∼397. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 173.Vernon, R. (1966). International investment and international trade in the product cycle. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111(2), pp.190∼207. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 174.Vernon, R. (1971). Sovereignty at Bay：The Multinational Spread of U.S. Enterprises, New York：Basic Books. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 175.Vernon, R. (1977). Storm over the Multinationals Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 176.Wan, C. C. (1998). International diversification, industrial diversification and firm performance of Hong Kong MNCs. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 15 (2), pp.205∼217. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 177.Wernerflet, B. (1984). A resources-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5 (2), pp.233∼261. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 178.Wernerfelt, B. / Montgomery, C. A. (1988). Tobin’s q and the importance of focus in firm performance. American Economic Review, 78 (1), pp.246∼251. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 179.Wolf, B. (1977). Industrial diversification and internationalization：Some empirical evidence. Journal of Industrial Economics, 26 (2), pp.177∼191. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 180.Wolf, Joachim / Egelhoff, William G. (2002). A reexamination and extension of international strategy-structure theory. Strategic Management Journal, 23 (2), pp.181∼189. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 181.Wolff, J.A. / T.L. Pett (2000). Internationalization of small firms：An examination of export competitive patterns, firm size, and export performance. Journal of Small Business Management. 38(2), pp.34∼47. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 182.Yoshihara, H. (1985). Multinational growth of Japanese manufacturing enterprises in the Postwar Period. Proceedings of the Fuji International Conference on Business History, Tokyo：University of Tokyo Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 183.Zhao, Hongxin / Luo, Yadong (2002). Product diversification, ownership structure, and subsidiary performance in China’s dynamic market. Management International Review, 42 (1), pp.27∼48. | zh_TW |
