學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 全員品質管理與360度回饋知覺、滿意、行為改變、與績效提升之實證研究
The longitudinal field study of TQM with 360 degree feedback perception, satisfaction, behavior change and Performance improvement
作者 葉益昌
Yeh, Yih-Chang
貢獻者 張裕隆
Chang, Yu-Loong
葉益昌
Yeh, Yih-Chang
關鍵詞 TQM才能
360度回饋
程序公平知覺
360度回饋滿意度
行為改變意圖
行為改變
績效提升
total quality management competency
360 degree feedback
procedure perpection
360 degree feedback satisfaction
behavior change intention
behavior change
performance improvement
日期 2000
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 18:30:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究為一縱貫性之實證研究,主要目的是透過分析兩年360度回饋的資料,進一步探討全員品質管理才能對360度回饋公平知覺、滿意度、行為改變、與績效提升的影響。
     本研究樣本為國內某建築業之初階與中階主管,第一年總計62位,第二年總計92位。研究結果顯示,全員品質管理才能與360度回饋公平知覺、滿意度、行為改變意圖,皆達顯著正相關。此外,雙因子變異數分析結果顯示,全員品質管理才能的高低會影響他評結果、目標達成、以及領導效能的改變,如進一步以相依樣本t考驗進行事後比較,則發現全員品質管理才能低分組兩年間績效改變的進步幅度大於高分組。
     最後,本研究進一步指出研究之限制,與後續研究之建議、企業實行360度回饋之實務建議。
參考文獻 一、中文部分
方妙玲(1997)。組織生命週期與策略性人力資源管理。人力資源發展月刊,120,頁1-6。
汝明麗譯(1995)。全面品質管理。台北:智勝文化。
吳冬友(1995)。全面品質管理與ISO9000品質系統對競爭力績效影響之研究—以資訊製造業為例。輔仁大學管理學研究所碩士論文。
吳怡萱(2000)。生產系統電腦化、全面品質管理能力、工作不確定性及生產績效之。國立交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。
李美枝(1993)。社會心理學。台北:大洋出版社。
黃同圳(2000)。人力資源管理策略--企業競爭優勢之新器。人力資源管理的十二堂課。李誠等著(2000)。台北:天下遠見出版股份有限公司。
林玉玲(2000)。回饋預期一致性、程序公平、組織支持、個人特質對360度回饋態度與行為改變意圖之影響。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
徐崇文(2000)。以360度回饋探討影響主管人員行為改變意圖相關因素之實證研究。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
張裕隆(1997)。360度回饋。國魂月刊,624期,頁72-73。
張裕隆(1998a)。我國「管理才能評鑑工具發展及信效度分析研究。國科會專題研究報告。
Nadler, D. A. (1977). Feedback and organization development: Using data-based methods. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley.
Nowack, K. M. (1993). 360-Degree Feedback: The whole story. Training and Development Journey, 47(1), 69-72.
Powell, T. C. (1995). Total Quality Management as Competitive Advantage: a review and empirical study, Strategic Management Journal, 16, 15-37
Raelin, J. A., & Cooledge, A. S. (1995). From generic to organic competencies. Human Resource Planning, 18(3), 24-33.
Ralph, Mroz. (1999). Can you manufacture customers , Electronic Business, 25(12), 58-61.
Robbins, S. P. (1993). Organizational behavior(6th ed.). N.J.:Prentice-Hall.
Roberts, G. E. (1995). Developmental performance appraisal in municipal government. Review of Public Personnel Management, 15(3), 17-43.
Secunda, M. D. (1984). Employee perceptions of performance appraisal system: Causal determinants of fairness , accuracy, and acceptability. Ph.D. dissertation, Old Dominion University.
Sedikides, C. & Strube, M. J. (1995). The multiply motivated self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(12), 1330-1335.
Sigall, H., & Aronson, E. (1967). Opinion changes and the gain-loss model of interpersonal attraction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 178-188.
張裕隆(1998b)。360度回饋。國魂月刊,630期,頁72-75。
Spencer, L. M. Jr., & Spencer S. M. (1993). Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Stajkovic, A. D. & Luthans, F. (1997). A meta-analysis of the effects of organizational behavior modification on task performance, 1975-95, Academy of Management Journal, 40, 1122-1149.
Taylor, M. S., Fisher, C. D., & Ilgen, D. R. (1984). Individual’s reactions to performance feedback in organization: A control theory perspective. In K. M. Rowland and G. R. Ferris (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management, 6, 81-24. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Taylor, S. E., Neter, E., & Wayment, H. A. (1995). Self-evaluation processes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(12), 1278-1287.
Tornow, W. W. (1993). Editor’s note:Introduction to special issue on 360-degree feedback. Human Resource Management, 32, 211-219.
Tornow, W. (1993). Perception or reality:Is multi-perceptive measurement a means or an end? Human Resource Management, 32, 223.
Tsui, A. S., & Barry, B. (1986). Interpersonal affect and rating errors. Academy of Management Journal, 29, 586-599.
Ulrich, Dave. (1992). Strategic and Human Resource Planning: Linking Customers and Hr. . Human Resource Planning, 15(2), 47-63.
Vinson, N. M. (1996). The pros and cons of 360-degree feedback:Making it work. Training & Development, Apr, 11-12.
Voss, C. & O`BRIEN, R. (1992). In Search of Quality, Working Paper, London Business School.
莊財安(1991)。企業人力發展實務。台北:管拓出版社。
Waldman, A. D., Atwater, E. L., & Antonioni, D. (1998). Has 360 degree feedback gone amok? Academy of Management Executive, 12(2), 86-94.
Waldman, D. A. (1994). The contributions of total management to a theory of work performance, Academy of Management Review, 19, 51536.
Wayne, S. J., & Ferris, G. R. (1990). Influence tactics, affect, and exchange quality in supervisor-subordinate interactions: A laboratory experiment and a field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 487-499.
Werther, J. R., William, B., & Devis, K. (1981). Performance Management and Human Resource. New York: NcGrew-Hill.
Wilkinson, A., Redman, T., & Snape, E. (1994). The problems with quality management the view of managers: findings from an Institute of Management survey, Total Quality Management, 5, 397-406.
Wood, Lindsey, V., & McCamey, David A. (1993). Implementing total quality in R&D, Research Technology Management, 36, 39-45.
Woodruffe, C. (1991). Competence By Any Other Name. Personnel Management, 23(9), 30-33.
Yammarino, F. J., & Atwater, L. E. (1993). Understanding self-perception accuracy: Implications for human resource management. Human Resource Management, 32, 231-247.
Yammarino, F. J., & Atwater, L. E., (1997). Do managers see themselves as others see them? Implications of self-other rating agreement for human resources management. Organizational Dynamics, Spring, 35-44.
Yeung, A. K. (1996). Competencies for HR professionals: An interview with Richard E. Boyatzis. Human Resource Management, 35(1), 119-131.
郭乃瑋(1998)。探討影響員工三百六十度績效評估態度之因素。私立東吳大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
Yukl, G. A. (1989). Leadership in Organization. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Yukl, G. A. (1989). Managerial leadership: A review of theory and research. Journal of Management, 15, 2, 251-289.
Yukl, G. A. (1987). A new taxonomy for integrating diverse perspectives on managerial behavior. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Meeting, New York.
Yukl, Gary., & Lepsinger, R. (1995). 360-degree feedback. Training, December, 45-50.
Yukl., G., & Leipsinger, R. (1995). 360-degree feedback: What to put into to get the most out of it. Training, 32, 45-51.
陳玉山(1997)。能力基礎途徑應用在人力資源管理之研究。國立政治大學公共行政研究所碩士論文。
陳耀宗(2000)。國內製造業實行全面品質管理之現況--績效之影響因素研究。國立中正大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
楊錦洲(1997)。人的品質是一切品質的根本。管理雜誌,277,26-28。
蔡青宏(1996)。企業主管領導效能評量之研究。成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
劉岡憬(1998)。以360度回饋探討主管人員自他評一致性與領導效能關係之實證研究。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
潘清泉(1993)。人事考核:評價與培育—人才活性化實務。台北: 超越企管顧問股份有限公司。
鄭瀛川、王榮春、曾河嶸(1997)。績效管理。台北:世台管理顧問股份有限公司。
嚴秀茹(1997)。「360度回績效評估方法之初探—多角化評估與管理才能發展」。1997企業管理國際研討會論文集,頁75-84。
二、英文部份
Annet, J. (1969). Feedback and human behavior. Baltimore: Penguin.
Antonioni, D. (1996). Designing an effective 360-degree appraisal feedback process. Organization Dynamics, 25(2), 24-38.
Aronson, E., & Linder, D. (1965). Gain and loss of esteem as determinants of interpersonal attractiveness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1, 156-171.
Atwater, L., Roush, P., & Fischthal, A. (1995). The influence of upward feedback on self and follower rating of leadership. Personnel Psychology, 48, 35-59.
Atwater, E. Leanne, & Waldman, A. David. (1998). 360-degree feedback and leadership development. Leadership Quarterly, 9(4), 423-426.
Berk, A. R. (1986). Performance assessment: Methods and applications. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University press.
Bernardin, H. J., & Beatty, R. W. (1984). Performance appraisal: Assessing human behavior at work. Boston: PWS-KENT.
Bernardin, J. H., Dahmus, S. A., & Redmon, G. (1993). Attitudes of first-line supervisors toward subordinate appraisals. Human Resource Management, 32, 315-324.
Bohl, D. L. (1996). Minisurvey:360-degree appraisals yield superior result, survey shows. Compensation and Benefits Review, 26(3), 20-24.
Borman, W. C. (1974). The rating of individuals in organizations: An alternate approach. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 12, 105-124.
Boyatzis, R. E. (1982). The competence manager: A model for effective performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Brown, M. G. (1989). Commitment . . . It`s Not the Whether, It`s the "How To". The Journal for Quality and Participation, Dec, 38-43.
Brown, R. B. (1993). Meta-competence: A recipe for reforming competence debate. Personnel Review, 22(6), 25-36.
Budman, M., & Rice, B. (1994). The rating game. Across the Board, 31(2), 34-38.
Cardy, L. R., & Dobbins, H. G. (1986). Affect and appraisal accuracy:Liking as an integral dimension in evaluating performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 672-678.
Cardy, L. R., & Dobbins, H. G. (1994). Performance appraisal: Alternative perspectives. Cinicinnati: South-Western.
Carroll, S. J., & Schneier, C. E. (1982). Performance appraisal and development of performance in organizations. Glenview Illionis: Scott, Foresman.
Cascio, W. F. (1991). Applied psychology in personnel management. (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Cascio, W. F. (1992). Managing human resources: Productivity, quality of work life, profits(3rd ed.). NY: McGraw-Hill.
Church, H. Allan, & Bracken, W. David. (1997). 360-Degree Feedback Systems. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications, Special Issue of Group & Organization Management , June 1997.
Cofsky, K. M. (1993). Critical keys to competency-based pay. Compensation and Benefits Review, 25(6), 46-52.
Cummings, L. L. (1973). A field experimental study of the effects of two performance appraisal systems, Personnel Psychology, 26, 489-502.
Dean, J. J., & Evans, J. R. (1994). Total Quality Management, Organization, and Strategy. West Publishing Co.
Deming, W. Edwards. (1986). Out of the Crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Study .
Dipboye, R. L., & DePontbriand, R.(1981). Correlates of employee relations to performance appraisals and appraisals systems. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66, 248-251.
Edwards, R. M. (1989). Making Performance Appraisals Meaningful and fair, Business, July-September, 17-22.
Edwards, R. M., & Ewen, J. A. (1996) . 360°Feedback: The powerful new model for employee assessment & performance improvement. New York: AMACOM.
Edwards, R. M. (1989). Making performance appraisals meaningful and fair. Business, Jul-Sep, 17-25.
Edwards, R. M. (1990). An alternative to traditional appraisal systems. Supervisory Management, 3.
Eklof, J. A., & Westlund, Anders. (1998). Customer satisfaction index and its role in qualilty management. Total Quality Management, Jul (4/5), 80-85.
Ford, R. N. (1969). Motivation through the work itself. New York: American Management Association.
Forst, C. F., Wakeley, J. H., & Ruh, R. A. (1974). The Scanlon plan for organizational development: Identity, participation, and equity. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.
Fox, J., & Klein, C. (1996). The 360-degree evaluation. Public Management, Nov., 20-22.
Funderburg, A. S., & Levy, E. P. (1997). The influence of individual and contextual variables on 360-degree feedback system attitudes. Group & Organization Management, 22(2), 210-235.
Gollwitzer, Peter, M. (1999). Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans, The American Psychologist, 54(7), 493-503.
Gorsline, K. (1996). A Competence profile for Human Resources: No More Shoremaker’s Children. Human Resource Management, 35(1), 53-66.
Grandzol, John, R. & Traaen , Thomas. (1995). Using mathematical programming to help supervisors balance workloads. Interfaces, 25(4), 92-104.
Greenberg, J. (1986). Determinants of perceived fairness of performance evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 340-342.
Gross, F. A., & Levy, P. E. (1998). Do 360-degrefeedback appraisal predict managerial effectiveness? Paper presented at the 13th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Inc. Dallas, Texas.
Hackman, J. Richard, & Wageman, Ruth. (1995). Total quality management: Empirical, conceptual, and practical issues , Administrative Science Quarterly; 40, 309-331.
Hansen, G. S. & Wernerfelt, B. (1989). Determinants of Firm Performance: Relative Importance of Economic and Organizational Factors, Strategic Journal of Management, 339-411.
Hazucha, F. J., Hezlett, A. S., & Schneider J. R. (1993). The impact of 360-degree feedback on management skills development. Human Resource Management, Vol. 32, No. 2?, 325-351.
Hellervik, L. W., Hazucha, J. F., & Schneider, R. J.(1992). Behavior change: Models, methods, and a review of the evidence. In M. D. Dunnette & L. Hough(Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology(Vol. 30). Palo Alto, CA:Consulting Psychologists.
Herman, Steensma, & Alexandra, Tetteroo. (2000). Attitudes toward cross-functional quality project groups: Net utility and procedural justice. Total Quality Management, Jan (11/1), 123-129.
Hollenbeck, Ilgen, Lepine, Colquitt & Hedlund. (1998). Extending the multilevel theory of team decision making: Effects of feedback and experience in hierarchical teams, Academy of Management Journal, 41(3), 269-282.
Ilgen, D. R., Fisher, C. A., & Taylor, M. S. (1979). Consequences of individual feedback on behavior in organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, 349-371.
Ishikawa, Kaoru. (1985). What is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Paul, Jansen., & Daniel, Vloeberghs. (1999). Multi-rater feedback methods: Personal and organizational implictions, Journal-of-Managerial-Psychology, vol 14(5-6), 455-476.
Judge, T. A., & Ferris, G. R. (1993). Social context of performance evaluation decisions. Academy of Management, 36, 80-105.
Kern, Annemarie. (1989). Enhance Quality Improvement Training - Use a Systems Approach. The Journal for Quality and Participation, Dec, 58-59.
Kingstrom, P. O., & Mainstone, L. E. (1985). An investigation of the rater-ratee acquaintance and rater bias. Academy of Management Journal, 28, 641-653.
Klein, A. L. (1996). Validity and reliability for competency-based system: Reducing litigation risks. Compensation and Benefits Review, 28(4), 31-37.
Kluger, A. N., & DeNisi, A. (1996). The effects of feedback interventions on performance:A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 254-284.
Kollog, M. (1967). Closing the performance gap. New work: American Management Association.
Korsgaard, M. Audrey, & Roberson, Loriann. (1995). Procedural justice in performance evaluation: The role of instrumental and non-instrumental voice in performance appraisal discussions. Journal of Management, 21(4), 657-70.
Landy, F. J., & Farr, J. L. (1980). Performance ratings. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 72-107.
Landy, F. J., Barnes, J. L., & Murphy, K. R. (1978). Correlates of perceived fairness and accuracy of performance evaluation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 751-754.
Latham, G. P., & Mitchell, T. R., & Dossett, D. L. (1978). Importance of participative goal difficulty and anticipated rewards on goal difficulty and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 163-71
Latham, G. P., & Wexley, K. N. (1994). Increasing productivity through performance appraisal. (2nd ed.). Reading : Addison-Wesley.
Lawer, E. E. (1970). Job design and employee motivation. In V. H. Vroom & E. L. Deci (Eds.), Management and motivation. Baltimore: Pengiun.
Ledford, G. E. (1995). Paying for the skill, knowledge, and competencies of knowledge workers. Compensation and Benefits Review, 27(4), 55-62.
Lock, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1976). An experimental case study of the successes and failures of job enrichment in a government agency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 701-11.
Lock, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 125-152.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
London, M., & Beatty, W. R. (1993). 360-degree feedback as a competitive advantage. Human Resource Management, 32, 353-372.
Mak, W. M. (1999). Cultivating a quality mind-set, Total Quality Management, 10(4/5), 622-626.
March, J. G., & Simon, H. A. (1958). Organizations. New York: Wiley.
McDonald, A. Robert. (1997). Intention to use feedback in single and multi-source performance appraisal systems. A dissertation submitted to the University at Albany in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
McGarvey, R., & Smith, S. (1993). When workers rate the boss, Training, 30(3), 31-34.
Melissa, Larson. (1999). Whatever happened to TQM? , Quality, 38(7), 32-35.
Middlemist, E. (1981). Organizational behavior: applied concepts, Chicago: Science Research.
Milliman, J. F., Zawacki, R. A., Norman, C., Powell, L., & Kirksey, J. (1994). Companies evaluate employees from all aspects, Personnel Journal 73, 99-103.
Mohamed, Zairi. (2000). Managing customer satisfaction: a best practice perspective, The TQM Magazine, 12(6),389-394.
Mohrman, A. M., Jr., Resnick-West, S. M., & Lawler, E. E. III.(1989). Designing performance appraisal systems:Aligning appraisals and organizational realities. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perception influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6), 845-855.
Muchinsky, M. Paul. (1997). Psychology applied to work:An introduction to industrial and organizational psychology(5th edition). Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Murphy, K. R., & Cleveland, J. N. (1995). Understanding performance appraisal: Social, organizational, and goal-based perspectives. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
89
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2002001159
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張裕隆zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Yu-Loongen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 葉益昌zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Yeh, Yih-Changen_US
dc.creator (作者) 葉益昌zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Yeh, Yih-Changen_US
dc.date (日期) 2000en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 18:30:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 18:30:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 18:30:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) A2002001159en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/36407-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 89zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究為一縱貫性之實證研究,主要目的是透過分析兩年360度回饋的資料,進一步探討全員品質管理才能對360度回饋公平知覺、滿意度、行為改變、與績效提升的影響。
     本研究樣本為國內某建築業之初階與中階主管,第一年總計62位,第二年總計92位。研究結果顯示,全員品質管理才能與360度回饋公平知覺、滿意度、行為改變意圖,皆達顯著正相關。此外,雙因子變異數分析結果顯示,全員品質管理才能的高低會影響他評結果、目標達成、以及領導效能的改變,如進一步以相依樣本t考驗進行事後比較,則發現全員品質管理才能低分組兩年間績效改變的進步幅度大於高分組。
     最後,本研究進一步指出研究之限制,與後續研究之建議、企業實行360度回饋之實務建議。
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2002001159en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) TQM才能zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 360度回饋zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 程序公平知覺zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 360度回饋滿意度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 行為改變意圖zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 行為改變zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 績效提升zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) total quality management competencyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 360 degree feedbacken_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) procedure perpectionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 360 degree feedback satisfactionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) behavior change intentionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) behavior changeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) performance improvementen_US
dc.title (題名) 全員品質管理與360度回饋知覺、滿意、行為改變、與績效提升之實證研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The longitudinal field study of TQM with 360 degree feedback perception, satisfaction, behavior change and Performance improvementen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 方妙玲(1997)。組織生命週期與策略性人力資源管理。人力資源發展月刊,120,頁1-6。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 汝明麗譯(1995)。全面品質管理。台北:智勝文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳冬友(1995)。全面品質管理與ISO9000品質系統對競爭力績效影響之研究—以資訊製造業為例。輔仁大學管理學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳怡萱(2000)。生產系統電腦化、全面品質管理能力、工作不確定性及生產績效之。國立交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李美枝(1993)。社會心理學。台北:大洋出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃同圳(2000)。人力資源管理策略--企業競爭優勢之新器。人力資源管理的十二堂課。李誠等著(2000)。台北:天下遠見出版股份有限公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林玉玲(2000)。回饋預期一致性、程序公平、組織支持、個人特質對360度回饋態度與行為改變意圖之影響。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐崇文(2000)。以360度回饋探討影響主管人員行為改變意圖相關因素之實證研究。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張裕隆(1997)。360度回饋。國魂月刊,624期,頁72-73。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張裕隆(1998a)。我國「管理才能評鑑工具發展及信效度分析研究。國科會專題研究報告。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nadler, D. A. (1977). Feedback and organization development: Using data-based methods. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nowack, K. M. (1993). 360-Degree Feedback: The whole story. Training and Development Journey, 47(1), 69-72.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Powell, T. C. (1995). Total Quality Management as Competitive Advantage: a review and empirical study, Strategic Management Journal, 16, 15-37zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Raelin, J. A., & Cooledge, A. S. (1995). From generic to organic competencies. Human Resource Planning, 18(3), 24-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ralph, Mroz. (1999). Can you manufacture customers , Electronic Business, 25(12), 58-61.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Robbins, S. P. (1993). Organizational behavior(6th ed.). N.J.:Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roberts, G. E. (1995). Developmental performance appraisal in municipal government. Review of Public Personnel Management, 15(3), 17-43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Secunda, M. D. (1984). Employee perceptions of performance appraisal system: Causal determinants of fairness , accuracy, and acceptability. Ph.D. dissertation, Old Dominion University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sedikides, C. & Strube, M. J. (1995). The multiply motivated self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(12), 1330-1335.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sigall, H., & Aronson, E. (1967). Opinion changes and the gain-loss model of interpersonal attraction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 178-188.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張裕隆(1998b)。360度回饋。國魂月刊,630期,頁72-75。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Spencer, L. M. Jr., & Spencer S. M. (1993). Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stajkovic, A. D. & Luthans, F. (1997). A meta-analysis of the effects of organizational behavior modification on task performance, 1975-95, Academy of Management Journal, 40, 1122-1149.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Taylor, M. S., Fisher, C. D., & Ilgen, D. R. (1984). Individual’s reactions to performance feedback in organization: A control theory perspective. In K. M. Rowland and G. R. Ferris (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management, 6, 81-24. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Taylor, S. E., Neter, E., & Wayment, H. A. (1995). Self-evaluation processes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(12), 1278-1287.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tornow, W. W. (1993). Editor’s note:Introduction to special issue on 360-degree feedback. Human Resource Management, 32, 211-219.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tornow, W. (1993). Perception or reality:Is multi-perceptive measurement a means or an end? Human Resource Management, 32, 223.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tsui, A. S., & Barry, B. (1986). Interpersonal affect and rating errors. Academy of Management Journal, 29, 586-599.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ulrich, Dave. (1992). Strategic and Human Resource Planning: Linking Customers and Hr. . Human Resource Planning, 15(2), 47-63.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vinson, N. M. (1996). The pros and cons of 360-degree feedback:Making it work. Training & Development, Apr, 11-12.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Voss, C. & O`BRIEN, R. (1992). In Search of Quality, Working Paper, London Business School.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 莊財安(1991)。企業人力發展實務。台北:管拓出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Waldman, A. D., Atwater, E. L., & Antonioni, D. (1998). Has 360 degree feedback gone amok? Academy of Management Executive, 12(2), 86-94.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Waldman, D. A. (1994). The contributions of total management to a theory of work performance, Academy of Management Review, 19, 51536.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wayne, S. J., & Ferris, G. R. (1990). Influence tactics, affect, and exchange quality in supervisor-subordinate interactions: A laboratory experiment and a field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 487-499.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Werther, J. R., William, B., & Devis, K. (1981). Performance Management and Human Resource. New York: NcGrew-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wilkinson, A., Redman, T., & Snape, E. (1994). The problems with quality management the view of managers: findings from an Institute of Management survey, Total Quality Management, 5, 397-406.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wood, Lindsey, V., & McCamey, David A. (1993). Implementing total quality in R&D, Research Technology Management, 36, 39-45.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Woodruffe, C. (1991). Competence By Any Other Name. Personnel Management, 23(9), 30-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yammarino, F. J., & Atwater, L. E. (1993). Understanding self-perception accuracy: Implications for human resource management. Human Resource Management, 32, 231-247.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yammarino, F. J., & Atwater, L. E., (1997). Do managers see themselves as others see them? Implications of self-other rating agreement for human resources management. Organizational Dynamics, Spring, 35-44.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yeung, A. K. (1996). Competencies for HR professionals: An interview with Richard E. Boyatzis. Human Resource Management, 35(1), 119-131.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 郭乃瑋(1998)。探討影響員工三百六十度績效評估態度之因素。私立東吳大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yukl, G. A. (1989). Leadership in Organization. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yukl, G. A. (1989). Managerial leadership: A review of theory and research. Journal of Management, 15, 2, 251-289.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yukl, G. A. (1987). A new taxonomy for integrating diverse perspectives on managerial behavior. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Meeting, New York.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yukl, Gary., & Lepsinger, R. (1995). 360-degree feedback. Training, December, 45-50.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yukl., G., & Leipsinger, R. (1995). 360-degree feedback: What to put into to get the most out of it. Training, 32, 45-51.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳玉山(1997)。能力基礎途徑應用在人力資源管理之研究。國立政治大學公共行政研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳耀宗(2000)。國內製造業實行全面品質管理之現況--績效之影響因素研究。國立中正大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊錦洲(1997)。人的品質是一切品質的根本。管理雜誌,277,26-28。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔡青宏(1996)。企業主管領導效能評量之研究。成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉岡憬(1998)。以360度回饋探討主管人員自他評一致性與領導效能關係之實證研究。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 潘清泉(1993)。人事考核:評價與培育—人才活性化實務。台北: 超越企管顧問股份有限公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭瀛川、王榮春、曾河嶸(1997)。績效管理。台北:世台管理顧問股份有限公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 嚴秀茹(1997)。「360度回績效評估方法之初探—多角化評估與管理才能發展」。1997企業管理國際研討會論文集,頁75-84。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、英文部份zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Annet, J. (1969). Feedback and human behavior. Baltimore: Penguin.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Antonioni, D. (1996). Designing an effective 360-degree appraisal feedback process. Organization Dynamics, 25(2), 24-38.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aronson, E., & Linder, D. (1965). Gain and loss of esteem as determinants of interpersonal attractiveness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1, 156-171.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Atwater, L., Roush, P., & Fischthal, A. (1995). The influence of upward feedback on self and follower rating of leadership. Personnel Psychology, 48, 35-59.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Atwater, E. Leanne, & Waldman, A. David. (1998). 360-degree feedback and leadership development. Leadership Quarterly, 9(4), 423-426.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Berk, A. R. (1986). Performance assessment: Methods and applications. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bernardin, H. J., & Beatty, R. W. (1984). Performance appraisal: Assessing human behavior at work. Boston: PWS-KENT.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bernardin, J. H., Dahmus, S. A., & Redmon, G. (1993). Attitudes of first-line supervisors toward subordinate appraisals. Human Resource Management, 32, 315-324.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bohl, D. L. (1996). Minisurvey:360-degree appraisals yield superior result, survey shows. Compensation and Benefits Review, 26(3), 20-24.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Borman, W. C. (1974). The rating of individuals in organizations: An alternate approach. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 12, 105-124.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boyatzis, R. E. (1982). The competence manager: A model for effective performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, M. G. (1989). Commitment . . . It`s Not the Whether, It`s the "How To". The Journal for Quality and Participation, Dec, 38-43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, R. B. (1993). Meta-competence: A recipe for reforming competence debate. Personnel Review, 22(6), 25-36.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Budman, M., & Rice, B. (1994). The rating game. Across the Board, 31(2), 34-38.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cardy, L. R., & Dobbins, H. G. (1986). Affect and appraisal accuracy:Liking as an integral dimension in evaluating performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 672-678.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cardy, L. R., & Dobbins, H. G. (1994). Performance appraisal: Alternative perspectives. Cinicinnati: South-Western.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carroll, S. J., & Schneier, C. E. (1982). Performance appraisal and development of performance in organizations. Glenview Illionis: Scott, Foresman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cascio, W. F. (1991). Applied psychology in personnel management. (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cascio, W. F. (1992). Managing human resources: Productivity, quality of work life, profits(3rd ed.). NY: McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Church, H. Allan, & Bracken, W. David. (1997). 360-Degree Feedback Systems. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications, Special Issue of Group & Organization Management , June 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cofsky, K. M. (1993). Critical keys to competency-based pay. Compensation and Benefits Review, 25(6), 46-52.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cummings, L. L. (1973). A field experimental study of the effects of two performance appraisal systems, Personnel Psychology, 26, 489-502.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dean, J. J., & Evans, J. R. (1994). Total Quality Management, Organization, and Strategy. West Publishing Co.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Deming, W. Edwards. (1986). Out of the Crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Study .zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dipboye, R. L., & DePontbriand, R.(1981). Correlates of employee relations to performance appraisals and appraisals systems. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66, 248-251.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edwards, R. M. (1989). Making Performance Appraisals Meaningful and fair, Business, July-September, 17-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edwards, R. M., & Ewen, J. A. (1996) . 360°Feedback: The powerful new model for employee assessment & performance improvement. New York: AMACOM.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edwards, R. M. (1989). Making performance appraisals meaningful and fair. Business, Jul-Sep, 17-25.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edwards, R. M. (1990). An alternative to traditional appraisal systems. Supervisory Management, 3.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eklof, J. A., & Westlund, Anders. (1998). Customer satisfaction index and its role in qualilty management. Total Quality Management, Jul (4/5), 80-85.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ford, R. N. (1969). Motivation through the work itself. New York: American Management Association.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Forst, C. F., Wakeley, J. H., & Ruh, R. A. (1974). The Scanlon plan for organizational development: Identity, participation, and equity. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fox, J., & Klein, C. (1996). The 360-degree evaluation. Public Management, Nov., 20-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Funderburg, A. S., & Levy, E. P. (1997). The influence of individual and contextual variables on 360-degree feedback system attitudes. Group & Organization Management, 22(2), 210-235.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gollwitzer, Peter, M. (1999). Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans, The American Psychologist, 54(7), 493-503.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gorsline, K. (1996). A Competence profile for Human Resources: No More Shoremaker’s Children. Human Resource Management, 35(1), 53-66.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grandzol, John, R. & Traaen , Thomas. (1995). Using mathematical programming to help supervisors balance workloads. Interfaces, 25(4), 92-104.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greenberg, J. (1986). Determinants of perceived fairness of performance evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 340-342.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gross, F. A., & Levy, P. E. (1998). Do 360-degrefeedback appraisal predict managerial effectiveness? Paper presented at the 13th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Inc. Dallas, Texas.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hackman, J. Richard, & Wageman, Ruth. (1995). Total quality management: Empirical, conceptual, and practical issues , Administrative Science Quarterly; 40, 309-331.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hansen, G. S. & Wernerfelt, B. (1989). Determinants of Firm Performance: Relative Importance of Economic and Organizational Factors, Strategic Journal of Management, 339-411.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hazucha, F. J., Hezlett, A. S., & Schneider J. R. (1993). The impact of 360-degree feedback on management skills development. Human Resource Management, Vol. 32, No. 2?, 325-351.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hellervik, L. W., Hazucha, J. F., & Schneider, R. J.(1992). Behavior change: Models, methods, and a review of the evidence. In M. D. Dunnette & L. Hough(Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology(Vol. 30). Palo Alto, CA:Consulting Psychologists.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Herman, Steensma, & Alexandra, Tetteroo. (2000). Attitudes toward cross-functional quality project groups: Net utility and procedural justice. Total Quality Management, Jan (11/1), 123-129.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hollenbeck, Ilgen, Lepine, Colquitt & Hedlund. (1998). Extending the multilevel theory of team decision making: Effects of feedback and experience in hierarchical teams, Academy of Management Journal, 41(3), 269-282.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ilgen, D. R., Fisher, C. A., & Taylor, M. S. (1979). Consequences of individual feedback on behavior in organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, 349-371.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ishikawa, Kaoru. (1985). What is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Paul, Jansen., & Daniel, Vloeberghs. (1999). Multi-rater feedback methods: Personal and organizational implictions, Journal-of-Managerial-Psychology, vol 14(5-6), 455-476.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Judge, T. A., & Ferris, G. R. (1993). Social context of performance evaluation decisions. Academy of Management, 36, 80-105.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kern, Annemarie. (1989). Enhance Quality Improvement Training - Use a Systems Approach. The Journal for Quality and Participation, Dec, 58-59.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kingstrom, P. O., & Mainstone, L. E. (1985). An investigation of the rater-ratee acquaintance and rater bias. Academy of Management Journal, 28, 641-653.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Klein, A. L. (1996). Validity and reliability for competency-based system: Reducing litigation risks. Compensation and Benefits Review, 28(4), 31-37.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kluger, A. N., & DeNisi, A. (1996). The effects of feedback interventions on performance:A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 254-284.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kollog, M. (1967). Closing the performance gap. New work: American Management Association.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Korsgaard, M. Audrey, & Roberson, Loriann. (1995). Procedural justice in performance evaluation: The role of instrumental and non-instrumental voice in performance appraisal discussions. Journal of Management, 21(4), 657-70.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Landy, F. J., & Farr, J. L. (1980). Performance ratings. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 72-107.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Landy, F. J., Barnes, J. L., & Murphy, K. R. (1978). Correlates of perceived fairness and accuracy of performance evaluation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 751-754.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Latham, G. P., & Mitchell, T. R., & Dossett, D. L. (1978). Importance of participative goal difficulty and anticipated rewards on goal difficulty and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 163-71zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Latham, G. P., & Wexley, K. N. (1994). Increasing productivity through performance appraisal. (2nd ed.). Reading : Addison-Wesley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lawer, E. E. (1970). Job design and employee motivation. In V. H. Vroom & E. L. Deci (Eds.), Management and motivation. Baltimore: Pengiun.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ledford, G. E. (1995). Paying for the skill, knowledge, and competencies of knowledge workers. Compensation and Benefits Review, 27(4), 55-62.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lock, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1976). An experimental case study of the successes and failures of job enrichment in a government agency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 701-11.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lock, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 125-152.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) London, M., & Beatty, W. R. (1993). 360-degree feedback as a competitive advantage. Human Resource Management, 32, 353-372.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mak, W. M. (1999). Cultivating a quality mind-set, Total Quality Management, 10(4/5), 622-626.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) March, J. G., & Simon, H. A. (1958). Organizations. New York: Wiley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McDonald, A. Robert. (1997). Intention to use feedback in single and multi-source performance appraisal systems. A dissertation submitted to the University at Albany in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McGarvey, R., & Smith, S. (1993). When workers rate the boss, Training, 30(3), 31-34.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Melissa, Larson. (1999). Whatever happened to TQM? , Quality, 38(7), 32-35.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Middlemist, E. (1981). Organizational behavior: applied concepts, Chicago: Science Research.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Milliman, J. F., Zawacki, R. A., Norman, C., Powell, L., & Kirksey, J. (1994). Companies evaluate employees from all aspects, Personnel Journal 73, 99-103.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mohamed, Zairi. (2000). Managing customer satisfaction: a best practice perspective, The TQM Magazine, 12(6),389-394.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mohrman, A. M., Jr., Resnick-West, S. M., & Lawler, E. E. III.(1989). Designing performance appraisal systems:Aligning appraisals and organizational realities. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perception influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6), 845-855.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Muchinsky, M. Paul. (1997). Psychology applied to work:An introduction to industrial and organizational psychology(5th edition). Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Murphy, K. R., & Cleveland, J. N. (1995). Understanding performance appraisal: Social, organizational, and goal-based perspectives. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.zh_TW