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題名 Understanding the Inflexibility of Process Integration
企業流程整合的彈性問題探討
作者 廖凱祥
Kai-hsiang, Liao
貢獻者 尚孝純
Shari S. C. Shang
廖凱祥
Kai-hsiang, Liao
關鍵詞 process integration
enterprise integration
flexibility
control
centralization
日期 2005
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 19:35:03 (UTC+8)
摘要 
The objective of this study is to establish a base for understanding inflexibility, with different kinds of integration problems being examined and explained. Studies of process integration have focused mostly on the design and management of efficient operation with information technology but very little on the difficulty in making changes with tightly linked processes. In order to eliminate risks of integration failure, there is a need for deep understanding of the types and causes of inflexibility with process integration.
     
     Based on the literature and industry experience of process integration and enterprise flexibility/inflexibility, this study proposes that inflexibility can be classified as either operational, organizational, or systems inflexibility. Sources of inflexibility have been investigated from views of business design, users’ willingness and capability, and systems designers’ designs. Cases studied shown that these three sources of inflexibility are interrelated and can reciprocally affect business performance.
     
     Companies applying process integration may eliminate the risk of integration downsides by carefully managing business design, user willingness and system design capability. Only with a broad and thorough view of the system, people and process interactions can a firm capitalize its investment in process integration.
參考文獻 1. Akkermans, H., and Helden. K. (2002) Vicious and virtuous cycles in ERP implementation: a case study of interrelations between critical success factors. European Journal of Information Systems, 11, 35-46.
2. Benson, P. G., Saraph, J. V., and Schroeder, R. G. (1991) The Effects of Organizational Context on Quality Management: An Empirical Investigation, Management Science, 37, 9, 1107.
3. Bhandari, G., Bliemel, M., Harold, A., and Hassanein, K. (2004) Flexibility in e-Business Strategies: A Requirement for Success, Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 5, 2/3, 11.
4. Chen Wen Yi, (2002) A Study on Competitive Strategies of Taiwan`s Semiconductors Components Distributors, Fu Jen Catholic University, R.O.C.
5. Crowe, T. J. (1992) Integration Is Not Synonymous with Flexibility, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 12, 10, 26.
6. Darnton, G. and Giacoletto, S. (1989) Towards an Enterprise Information Model, DEC, Geneva/Switzerland, GD&SD.
7. Dawes, S. S. (1996) Interagency information sharing: Expected benefits, manageable risks, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 15, 3, 377.
8. Draft, R. L., and Lewin, A. Y. (1993) Where are the theories for the “new” organizational forms? An editorial essay, Organization Science, 4, 4, i-vi.
9. Duclous, L. K., Vokurka, R. J., and Lummus, R. R. (2003) A conceptual model of supply chain flexibility, Industrial Management + Data Systems, 103, 5/6, 446.
10. Eardley, A., Avison, D., and Powell, P. (1997) Developing Information Systems to Support Flexible Strategy, Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 7, 1, 57-77.
11. Edward H. B., and Bruce M. K. (1995) Redesigning the Firm, Oxford University Press.
12. ESM-China (2006) ESM-China 2005 electronic component distributor survey, www.esmchina.com
13. Estrin, D. (1986) Access to inter-organization computer networks, Proceedings of the third ACM-SIGOIS conference on Office information systems, Rhode Island, United States, October 06-08
14. Fitzgerald, G. (1990) Achieving flexible information systems: the case for improved analysis, Journal of Information Technology, 5, 5-11.
15. Fitzgerald, G., and Siddiqui, F. A. (2002) Business process reengineering and flexibility: A case for unification, International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 14, 1, 73.
16. Frazelle, E. H. (1986) Flexibility: A Strategic Response in Changing Times, Industrial Engineering, 18, 3, 17-20.
17. Gallivan, M. J., Spitler, V. K., and Koufaris, M. (2005) Does Information Technology Training Really Matter? A Social Information Processing Analysis of Coworkers` Influence on IT Usage in the Workplace, Journal of Management Information Systems, 22, 1, 153.
18. Goodhue, D. L., Wybo M. D., and Kirsch L. J. (1992) The Impact of Data Integration on the Costs and Benefits of, MIS Quarterly, 16, 3, 293.
19. Gupta, A. K., and Govindarajan, V. (1986) Resource Sharing Among SBUs: Strategic Antecedents and Administrative Implications, Academy of Management Journal, 29, 4, 695.
20. Hammer, M. (1995) The art of change. Success, 42, 3, 44.
21. Hecht, B. (1997) Choose the right ERP software, Datamation, 43, 3, 56.
22. Hedberg, B., and Jönsson, S. (1978) Designing Semi-Confusing Information Systems for Organizations in Changing Environments, Accounting Organisations Society, 3, 1, 47-64.
23. Homa, B (1992) The Emerging Flexible Organization: Perspectives from Silicon Valley, California Management Review, 34, 4, 33.
24. Hsu, K. H. (2005) Using Balanced Scorecard and Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis for Multinational R & D Project Performance Assessment, Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 7, 1, 189.
25. Hsu, L. L., and Chen, M. (2004) Impacts of ERP systems on the integrated-interaction performance of manufacturing and marketing, Industrial Management + Data Systems, 104, 1/2, 42.
26. Hu Q. Y. (2004) The competitiveness analyses of Semiconductor component distributor in Taiwan, Tam Kang University, R.O.C.
27. Hu S. S. (2002) Strategic Analyses of Marketing Channels for Semiconductor Components in Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University, R.O.C.
28. Huang, J. Z. (2002) A study on the distribution center combining with Configuration To Order-Using the brand of information distributor as the example, Chung Yuan University, R.O.C.
29. King, R. C., and Sethi, V. (1998) The Impact of Socialization on the Role Adjustment of Information Systems Professionals, Journal of Management Information Systems, 14, 4, 195.
30. Kuan, K. K. Y., and Chau, P. Y. K. (2001) A perception-based model for EDI adoption in small businesses using a technology-organization-environment framework, Information & Management, 38, 507–521.
31. Lacity, M. C., Willcocks, L. P., and Feeny, D. F. (1995) IT outsourcing: Maximize flexibility and control, Harvard Business Review, 73, 3, 84.
32. Lambert, R., and Peppard, J. (1993) Information Technology and New Organisational Forms: Destination but no Road Map?, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 2, 3, 180-205.
33. Lau, R. S. M. (1996) Strategic flexibility: A new reality for world-class manufacturing, S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, 61, 2, 11.
34. Lin R. C. (2003) The Case Study of The Marketing Channels for Electronic Components` Business Strategy, Shih Chien University, R.O.C.
35. Linthicum, D. S. (2004) Integration in Common. Intelligent Enterprise, 7, 6, 36.
36. Mahesh, G. (1996) Operations effectiveness for a successful implementation of CIM, Technovation, 16, 10, 589.
37. Markus M. L. “Power, politics, and MIS implementation,” Communications of the ACM (26:6), 1983, p. 430-444
38. McNurlin, B. (2001) Will Users of ERP Stay Satisfied? MIT Sloan Management Review, 42, 2, 13.
39. Moore, J. E., and Love, M. S. (2005) IT professionals as organizational citizens, Association for Computing Machinery, Communications of the ACM, 48, 6, 88.
40. O’Sullivan, D. (1992) Development of integrated manufacturing systems, Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 5, 1, 39-53.
41. Orton, J. D. and Weick, K. E. (1990) Loosely coupled systems: A re-conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 15, 203-223.
42. Perez, C., (1985) Microelectronics, Long Waves and World Structural Change: New Perspectives for Developing Countries, World Development, 13, 3, 441-463.
43. Pine, B. J. (1993) Mass Customization – The New Frontier in Business Competition, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
44. Roldán, J. L., and Leal, A. (2003) A validation test of an adaptation of the DeLone and McLean’s Model in the Spanish EIS field. In Jeimy J. Cano (Eds.). Critical Reflections on Information Systems: A Systemic Approach. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing.
45. Sanchez, R. (1995) Strategic flexibility in product competition, Strategic Management Journal, 16, 135.
46. Sethi, A. K. R., and Sethi, S. P. R. (1990) Flexibility in Manufacturing: a survey. The International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 2, 289-328.
47. Shang, S. (2005) A comparative study on users` role in of ERP software and BPM software implementation, eBusiness Journal, 2005, 331-351.
48. Shang, S and Seddon, P. (2006) "Managing the deficiencies with enterprise systems" Journal of Business Process Management (forthcoming).
49. Sheth, A. P., and Larson J. A. (1990) Federated Database Systems for Managing Distributed, Heterogeneous, and Autonomous Databases, ACM Computing Surveys, 22, 3,184-236.
50. Singletary, L. A. (2003) Empirical study of attributes and perceived benefits of applications integration for enterprise systems, Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College: United States -- Louisiana.
51. Singletary, L. A. (2004) Applications Integration: Is it Always Desirable?, Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
52. Spathis, C., and Constantinides, S. (2003) The usefulness of ERP systems for effective management, Industrial Management + Data Systems, 103, 8/9, 677.
53. Sushil, (2001) Enterprise Flexibility, Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 2, 4, 53.
54. Swink, M., Narasimhan, R., and Kim. S. W. (2005) Manufacturing Practices and Strategy Integration: Effects on Cost Efficiency, Flexibility, and Market-Based Performance, Decision Sciences, 36, 3, 427.
55. Themistocleous, M. (2004) Justifying the decisions for EAI implementations: a validated proposition of influential factors, Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 17, 2, 85.
56. Tito, C. (1989) Process Management and Quality Function Deployment, Quality Progress, 22, 12, 45.
57. Upton, D. M. (1995) What really makes factories flexible? Harvard Business Review, 73, 4, 74.
58. Volkoff, O., Strong, D. M., and Elmes, M. B. (2005) Understanding enterprise systems-enabled integration, European Journal of Information Systems, 14, 110-120.
59. Waring, T. and Wainwright, D. (2000) Interpreting integration with respect to information systems in organizations - image, theory and reality, Journal of Information Technology, 15, 2, 131.
60. Weick, K. E. (1976) Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems, Administrative Science Quality, 21, 1-19.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理研究所
93356004
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093356004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 尚孝純zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Shari S. C. Shangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 廖凱祥zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Kai-hsiang, Liaoen_US
dc.creator (作者) 廖凱祥zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Kai-hsiang, Liaoen_US
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 19:35:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 19:35:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 19:35:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0093356004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/36783-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93356004zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The objective of this study is to establish a base for understanding inflexibility, with different kinds of integration problems being examined and explained. Studies of process integration have focused mostly on the design and management of efficient operation with information technology but very little on the difficulty in making changes with tightly linked processes. In order to eliminate risks of integration failure, there is a need for deep understanding of the types and causes of inflexibility with process integration.
     
     Based on the literature and industry experience of process integration and enterprise flexibility/inflexibility, this study proposes that inflexibility can be classified as either operational, organizational, or systems inflexibility. Sources of inflexibility have been investigated from views of business design, users’ willingness and capability, and systems designers’ designs. Cases studied shown that these three sources of inflexibility are interrelated and can reciprocally affect business performance.
     
     Companies applying process integration may eliminate the risk of integration downsides by carefully managing business design, user willingness and system design capability. Only with a broad and thorough view of the system, people and process interactions can a firm capitalize its investment in process integration.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Ch1 INTRODUCTION 1
     Ch2 LITERATURE 2
     2.1 Process Integration and Flexibility 2
     2.2 Types of Flexibility/Inflexibility 3
     2.2.1 Organizational Flexibility/Inflexibility 5
     2.2.2 Operational Flexibility/Inflexibility 5
     2.2.3 System Flexibility/Inflexibility 6
     Ch3 RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCESS 7
     3.1 Research Method 7
     3.2 Research Process 7
     3.3 Proposition 10
     3.3.1 Business Design 10
     3.3.2 Users` Willingness and Capability 12
     3.3.3 Systems Designer’s Capability 14
     Ch4 RESEARCH RESULTS 16
     4.1 Case 1: The IC Distributor 16
     4.1.1 The WPI-Group 17
     4.1.2 The Implementation of Process Integration in WPI-Group 17
     4.1.3 Automation Phase 19
     4.1.4 Local Integration Phase 20
     4.1.5 Global Integration Phase 20
     4.1.6 Continuous Enhancement Phase 21
     4.2 Case 2: The 3C Distributor 25
     4.2.1 The Synnex 26
     4.2.2 The Implementation of Process Integration in Synnex 26
     4.2.3 Dependence Phase 27
     4.2.4 Spin-off Phase 27
     4.3 Difference in WPI and Synnex 28
     4.4 Proposition Analysis 30
     4.4.1 Proposition 1a, 1b, 1c – Confirmed 30
     4.4.2 Proposition 2a, 2b, 2c – Confirmed 30
     4.4.3 Proposition 3a, 3b, 3c – Confirmed 30
     Ch5 DISCUSSION 34
     5.1 Relatively Unavoidable Inflexibility 35
     5.2 Relatively Avoidable Inflexibility 36
     5.3 Specific Features of Company and Inflexibility 37
     5.4 Explanation of Inflexibility 39
     5.4.1 Business design: 39
     5.4.2 Users’ willingness and capability 40
     5.4.3 Systems designers’ capability 41
     5.5 Literature Verification 43
     Ch 6 CONTRIBUTION 45
     REFEREMCES 47
     APPENDIX A. A Semi-Structured Questionnaire 52
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093356004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) process integrationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) enterprise integrationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) flexibilityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) controlen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) centralizationen_US
dc.title (題名) Understanding the Inflexibility of Process Integrationzh_TW
dc.title (題名) 企業流程整合的彈性問題探討zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Akkermans, H., and Helden. K. (2002) Vicious and virtuous cycles in ERP implementation: a case study of interrelations between critical success factors. European Journal of Information Systems, 11, 35-46.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. Benson, P. G., Saraph, J. V., and Schroeder, R. G. (1991) The Effects of Organizational Context on Quality Management: An Empirical Investigation, Management Science, 37, 9, 1107.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. Bhandari, G., Bliemel, M., Harold, A., and Hassanein, K. (2004) Flexibility in e-Business Strategies: A Requirement for Success, Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 5, 2/3, 11.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. Chen Wen Yi, (2002) A Study on Competitive Strategies of Taiwan`s Semiconductors Components Distributors, Fu Jen Catholic University, R.O.C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. Crowe, T. J. (1992) Integration Is Not Synonymous with Flexibility, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 12, 10, 26.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6. Darnton, G. and Giacoletto, S. (1989) Towards an Enterprise Information Model, DEC, Geneva/Switzerland, GD&SD.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7. Dawes, S. S. (1996) Interagency information sharing: Expected benefits, manageable risks, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 15, 3, 377.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8. Draft, R. L., and Lewin, A. Y. (1993) Where are the theories for the “new” organizational forms? An editorial essay, Organization Science, 4, 4, i-vi.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9. Duclous, L. K., Vokurka, R. J., and Lummus, R. R. (2003) A conceptual model of supply chain flexibility, Industrial Management + Data Systems, 103, 5/6, 446.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10. Eardley, A., Avison, D., and Powell, P. (1997) Developing Information Systems to Support Flexible Strategy, Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 7, 1, 57-77.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11. Edward H. B., and Bruce M. K. (1995) Redesigning the Firm, Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12. ESM-China (2006) ESM-China 2005 electronic component distributor survey, www.esmchina.comzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13. Estrin, D. (1986) Access to inter-organization computer networks, Proceedings of the third ACM-SIGOIS conference on Office information systems, Rhode Island, United States, October 06-08zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14. Fitzgerald, G. (1990) Achieving flexible information systems: the case for improved analysis, Journal of Information Technology, 5, 5-11.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15. Fitzgerald, G., and Siddiqui, F. A. (2002) Business process reengineering and flexibility: A case for unification, International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 14, 1, 73.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16. Frazelle, E. H. (1986) Flexibility: A Strategic Response in Changing Times, Industrial Engineering, 18, 3, 17-20.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17. Gallivan, M. J., Spitler, V. K., and Koufaris, M. (2005) Does Information Technology Training Really Matter? A Social Information Processing Analysis of Coworkers` Influence on IT Usage in the Workplace, Journal of Management Information Systems, 22, 1, 153.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18. Goodhue, D. L., Wybo M. D., and Kirsch L. J. (1992) The Impact of Data Integration on the Costs and Benefits of, MIS Quarterly, 16, 3, 293.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19. Gupta, A. K., and Govindarajan, V. (1986) Resource Sharing Among SBUs: Strategic Antecedents and Administrative Implications, Academy of Management Journal, 29, 4, 695.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20. Hammer, M. (1995) The art of change. Success, 42, 3, 44.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21. Hecht, B. (1997) Choose the right ERP software, Datamation, 43, 3, 56.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22. Hedberg, B., and Jönsson, S. (1978) Designing Semi-Confusing Information Systems for Organizations in Changing Environments, Accounting Organisations Society, 3, 1, 47-64.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23. Homa, B (1992) The Emerging Flexible Organization: Perspectives from Silicon Valley, California Management Review, 34, 4, 33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24. Hsu, K. H. (2005) Using Balanced Scorecard and Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis for Multinational R & D Project Performance Assessment, Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 7, 1, 189.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25. Hsu, L. L., and Chen, M. (2004) Impacts of ERP systems on the integrated-interaction performance of manufacturing and marketing, Industrial Management + Data Systems, 104, 1/2, 42.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26. Hu Q. Y. (2004) The competitiveness analyses of Semiconductor component distributor in Taiwan, Tam Kang University, R.O.C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27. Hu S. S. (2002) Strategic Analyses of Marketing Channels for Semiconductor Components in Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University, R.O.C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28. Huang, J. Z. (2002) A study on the distribution center combining with Configuration To Order-Using the brand of information distributor as the example, Chung Yuan University, R.O.C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29. King, R. C., and Sethi, V. (1998) The Impact of Socialization on the Role Adjustment of Information Systems Professionals, Journal of Management Information Systems, 14, 4, 195.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30. Kuan, K. K. Y., and Chau, P. Y. K. (2001) A perception-based model for EDI adoption in small businesses using a technology-organization-environment framework, Information & Management, 38, 507–521.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 31. Lacity, M. C., Willcocks, L. P., and Feeny, D. F. (1995) IT outsourcing: Maximize flexibility and control, Harvard Business Review, 73, 3, 84.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 32. Lambert, R., and Peppard, J. (1993) Information Technology and New Organisational Forms: Destination but no Road Map?, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 2, 3, 180-205.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 33. Lau, R. S. M. (1996) Strategic flexibility: A new reality for world-class manufacturing, S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, 61, 2, 11.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 34. Lin R. C. (2003) The Case Study of The Marketing Channels for Electronic Components` Business Strategy, Shih Chien University, R.O.C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 35. Linthicum, D. S. (2004) Integration in Common. Intelligent Enterprise, 7, 6, 36.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 36. Mahesh, G. (1996) Operations effectiveness for a successful implementation of CIM, Technovation, 16, 10, 589.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 37. Markus M. L. “Power, politics, and MIS implementation,” Communications of the ACM (26:6), 1983, p. 430-444zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 38. McNurlin, B. (2001) Will Users of ERP Stay Satisfied? MIT Sloan Management Review, 42, 2, 13.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 39. Moore, J. E., and Love, M. S. (2005) IT professionals as organizational citizens, Association for Computing Machinery, Communications of the ACM, 48, 6, 88.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 40. O’Sullivan, D. (1992) Development of integrated manufacturing systems, Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 5, 1, 39-53.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 41. Orton, J. D. and Weick, K. E. (1990) Loosely coupled systems: A re-conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 15, 203-223.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 42. Perez, C., (1985) Microelectronics, Long Waves and World Structural Change: New Perspectives for Developing Countries, World Development, 13, 3, 441-463.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 43. Pine, B. J. (1993) Mass Customization – The New Frontier in Business Competition, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 44. Roldán, J. L., and Leal, A. (2003) A validation test of an adaptation of the DeLone and McLean’s Model in the Spanish EIS field. In Jeimy J. Cano (Eds.). Critical Reflections on Information Systems: A Systemic Approach. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 45. Sanchez, R. (1995) Strategic flexibility in product competition, Strategic Management Journal, 16, 135.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 46. Sethi, A. K. R., and Sethi, S. P. R. (1990) Flexibility in Manufacturing: a survey. The International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 2, 289-328.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 47. Shang, S. (2005) A comparative study on users` role in of ERP software and BPM software implementation, eBusiness Journal, 2005, 331-351.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 48. Shang, S and Seddon, P. (2006) "Managing the deficiencies with enterprise systems" Journal of Business Process Management (forthcoming).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 49. Sheth, A. P., and Larson J. A. (1990) Federated Database Systems for Managing Distributed, Heterogeneous, and Autonomous Databases, ACM Computing Surveys, 22, 3,184-236.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 50. Singletary, L. A. (2003) Empirical study of attributes and perceived benefits of applications integration for enterprise systems, Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College: United States -- Louisiana.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 51. Singletary, L. A. (2004) Applications Integration: Is it Always Desirable?, Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Scienceszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 52. Spathis, C., and Constantinides, S. (2003) The usefulness of ERP systems for effective management, Industrial Management + Data Systems, 103, 8/9, 677.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 53. Sushil, (2001) Enterprise Flexibility, Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 2, 4, 53.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 54. Swink, M., Narasimhan, R., and Kim. S. W. (2005) Manufacturing Practices and Strategy Integration: Effects on Cost Efficiency, Flexibility, and Market-Based Performance, Decision Sciences, 36, 3, 427.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 55. Themistocleous, M. (2004) Justifying the decisions for EAI implementations: a validated proposition of influential factors, Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 17, 2, 85.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 56. Tito, C. (1989) Process Management and Quality Function Deployment, Quality Progress, 22, 12, 45.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 57. Upton, D. M. (1995) What really makes factories flexible? Harvard Business Review, 73, 4, 74.zh_TW
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