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題名 台灣生育政策之研究
The Study of Fertility Policy in Taiwan
作者 易雅如
Yi, Ya Ju
貢獻者 黃仁德
Hwang, Jen Te
易雅如
Yi, Ya Ju
關鍵詞 生育政策
總生育率
Fertility policy
Total fertility rate
日期 2007
上傳時間 9-Apr-2010 18:24:42 (UTC+8)
摘要 這篇論文的目的在理論的探討及生育政策的轉變的基礎之下，了解文化、社會、經濟和生育之間的關係、台灣政府在生育方面的政策所扮演的角色及這些政策對台灣人口所造成的影響。由法國、德國、英國、美國及日本的經驗，我們可以知道生育政策在人口變遷扮演了一個非重要的角色，而這些成功或失敗的政策可成為政府將來制定相關政策時的參考。
The purpose of this master thesis “The Study of Fertility Policy in Taiwan” is to examine the relation between culture, society, economy and fertility based upon theories and to introduce the transition of fertility policy, the role of the Taiwan government in influencing and regulating childbearing and assess the demographic impacts of population. Based on the experience of France, Germany, United Kingdom, United States and Japan, fertility policies play an important role in demographic transition and may provide a window into Taiwan’s future development.
This study finds that low fertility is a widespread phenomenon in Taiwan and is expected to continue in the foreseeable future. Government policies, as in the cases of France and The United States, are effective in combating low fertility. France is a pioneer in providing financial rewards and services to families and children while minorities and immigration have contributed to increased fertility rates in United States. Without national subsidies and affordable childcare, Taiwan’s fertility policies have failed to maintain a replacement rate since 1983.
Judging from policies and practices in advanced countries, Taiwan’s governments should foster a supportive working environment for women and families when they are having or raising children. Specifically, whether Taiwan’s birth rate can be pushed up will depend on measures that offer flexible work schedules, better subsidies for maternity leave, and affordable, high-quality day-care services for career women. Meanwhile, the government should also modulate the education system and redistribute education resources, re-evaluate the relationship between population and sustainable development, better utilize the ageing labor force and strengthen lifelong-learning for older workers.
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Axinn, W. G. and J. S. Barber (2001), “Mass Education and Fertility Transition,” American Sociological Review, 66:4, pp. 481-505.
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Barro, R. and G. Becker (1989), “Fertility Choice in A Model of Economic Growth,” Econometrica, 57:2, pp. 481-501.
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Butz, W. P. and M. P. Ward (1977), The Emergence of Counter-cyclical U.S. Fertility. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
臺灣研究英語碩士學程
94924010
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094924010
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃仁德zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Hwang, Jen Teen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 易雅如zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Yi, Ya Juen_US
dc.creator (作者) 易雅如zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Yi, Ya Juen_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Apr-2010 18:24:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Apr-2010 18:24:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Apr-2010 18:24:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094924010en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/38832-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 臺灣研究英語碩士學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94924010zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 這篇論文的目的在理論的探討及生育政策的轉變的基礎之下，了解文化、社會、經濟和生育之間的關係、台灣政府在生育方面的政策所扮演的角色及這些政策對台灣人口所造成的影響。由法國、德國、英國、美國及日本的經驗，我們可以知道生育政策在人口變遷扮演了一個非重要的角色，而這些成功或失敗的政策可成為政府將來制定相關政策時的參考。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The purpose of this master thesis “The Study of Fertility Policy in Taiwan” is to examine the relation between culture, society, economy and fertility based upon theories and to introduce the transition of fertility policy, the role of the Taiwan government in influencing and regulating childbearing and assess the demographic impacts of population. Based on the experience of France, Germany, United Kingdom, United States and Japan, fertility policies play an important role in demographic transition and may provide a window into Taiwan’s future development.
This study finds that low fertility is a widespread phenomenon in Taiwan and is expected to continue in the foreseeable future. Government policies, as in the cases of France and The United States, are effective in combating low fertility. France is a pioneer in providing financial rewards and services to families and children while minorities and immigration have contributed to increased fertility rates in United States. Without national subsidies and affordable childcare, Taiwan’s fertility policies have failed to maintain a replacement rate since 1983.
Judging from policies and practices in advanced countries, Taiwan’s governments should foster a supportive working environment for women and families when they are having or raising children. Specifically, whether Taiwan’s birth rate can be pushed up will depend on measures that offer flexible work schedules, better subsidies for maternity leave, and affordable, high-quality day-care services for career women. Meanwhile, the government should also modulate the education system and redistribute education resources, re-evaluate the relationship between population and sustainable development, better utilize the ageing labor force and strengthen lifelong-learning for older workers.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1 Introduction...................................1
1.1 Background............................................1
1.2 Motives...............................................1
1.3 Purposes..............................................2
1.4 Research Method and Expected Results..................3

Chapter 2 The Determinant Factors of Fertility...........4
2.1 The Cultural Factors and Fertility....................4
2.1.1 Religion and Fertility..............................5
2.1.2 Family Tradition and Fertility......................7
2.1.3 Son Preference and Fertility........................8
2.2 The Social Factors and Fertility......................9
2.2.1 Modernization, Globalization and Fertility.........10
2.2.2 Old-age Security and Fertility.....................11
2.2.3 Marital Status and Fertility.......................12
2.2.4 Education and Fertility............................14
2.3 The Economic Factors and Fertility...................15
2.3.1 Malthus and Neo-Malthus............................16
2.3.2 The New Home Economics Model.......................17
2.3.3 The Easterlin Model................................19
2.4 Summary..............................................21

Chapter 3 The Fertility Evolution and Policies in Developed Countries...22
3.1 The Fertility Evolution and Policy in France.........23
3.1.1 Demographic and Social Trends......................25
3.1.2 Fertility Policy...................................26
3.1.3 Measures to Raise Fertility........................28
3.1.4 Effect Evaluation..................................32
3.2 The Fertility Evolution and Policy in Germany........32
3.2.1 Demographic and Social Trends......................34
3.2.2 Fertility Policy...................................38
3.2.3 Measures to Raise Fertility........................40
3.2.4 Effect Evaluation..................................42
3.3 The Fertility Evolution and Policy in United Kingdom 43
3.3.1 Demographic and Social Trends......................44
3.3.2 Fertility Policy...................................46
3.3.3 Measures to Raise Fertility........................48
3.3.4 Effect Evaluation..................................51
3.4 The Fertility Evolution and Policy in United States of America..51
3.4.1 Demographic and Social Trends......................52
3.4.2 Fertility Policy...................................54
3.4.3 Measures to Raise Fertility........................56
3.4.4 Effect Evaluation..................................59
3.5 The Fertility Evolution and Policy in Japan..........60
3.5.1 Demographic and Social Trends......................60
3.5.2 Fertility Policy...................................62
3.5.3 Measures to Raise Fertility........................64
3.5.4 Effect Evaluation..................................66
3.6 Summary..............................................67

Chapter 4 The Fertility Evolution and Policy in Taiwan 69
4.1 Demographic and Social Trends in Taiwan..............69
4.2 Fertility Policy in Taiwan...........................72
4.3 Measures to Raise Fertility..........................82
4.4 Effect Evaluation....................................84
4.4.1 The Acceptance of Birth Control Methods............85
4.4.2 Changes in Ideal Number of Children and Fertility Rates 87
4.4.3 Improving of the Population Quality................88
4.4.4 Shortage of Labor Forces...........................90
4.4.5 Foreign Brides.....................................90
4.5 Measures Comparison between Developed Countries and Taiwan 92
4.6 Summary..............................................98

Chapter 5 Conclusions and Policy Suggestions...........100
5.1 Research Conclusions................................100
5.2 Policy Recommendations..............................103

Reference...............................................108
Appendix 1: The ROC Population Policy Guideline.........115
Appendix 2: Maternity Allowance for Women in Taiwan.....120
Appendix 3: Fertility Slogans in Taiwan.................121		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094924010en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 生育政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 總生育率zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Fertility policyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Total fertility rateen_US
dc.title (題名) 台灣生育政策之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Study of Fertility Policy in Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abeykoon, A. T. P. L. (1995), “Sex Preference in South Asia: Sri Lanka an Outlier,” Asia-Pacific Population Journal, 10, pp. 5-16.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abrahamson, P. (1999), The Male Bread-winner Model under Change: The Case of Germany Towards the 21st Century. Denmark: Roskilde University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Akin, S. N. (2008), “Immigration, Fiscal Policy, and Welfare: Evidence from Germany,” unpublished, http://moya.bus.miami.edu/%7Enakin/Immigration_Policy.pdf.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Assous, L. (2002), “Family Advantages in the Pension Plans of the Fifteen Member States of the European Union,” Fiche No. 5, Direction of the Forecast, Ministry of the Economy, Finances and Industry, Paris. (In French)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Atoh, M. (2005), “Low Fertility and Family Policy,” in H. O Fuchi and M. Atoh, eds., Policy Study of Low Fertility (Tokyo: Harashobo), pp. 33-58. (In Japanese)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Axinn, W. G. and J. S. Barber (2001), “Mass Education and Fertility Transition,” American Sociological Review, 66:4, pp. 481-505.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barnes, M. and M. Willits (2004), “Families and Children in Britain: Findings from the 2002 Families and Children Study,” UK Department of Work and Pensions, http://www.dwp.gov.uk/asd/asd5/rports2003-2004/rrep206.asp.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barro, R. and G. Becker (1989), “Fertility Choice in A Model of Economic Growth,” Econometrica, 57:2, pp. 481-501.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Basu, A. M. (2003), “On the Prospects for Endless Fertility Decline in South Asia,” Population Bulletin of the United Nations, pp. 554-561.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Becker, G. S. (1965), “A Theory of the Allocation of Time,” Economic Journal, 75, pp. 493-517.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Becker, G. S. (1991), A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bien, W. (2002), “The Situation of Families in Germany 2000-2001,” European Observatory on the Social Situation, Demography and Family. http://www.oif.ac.at/archiv/pdf/gm_01_germany_bien_en.pdf.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boldrin, M. B. M. and L. E. Jones (2002), “Mortality, Fertility and Saving in Malthusian Economy,” Review of Economic Dynamics, 5:4, pp. 775-814.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boldrin, M. B. M., M. Nardi and L. E. Jones (2005), “Fertility and Social Security,” NBER Working Paper, No. 11146.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bradbury, B. and M. Jantii (1999), Child Poverty across Industrialized Nations. Florence, Italy: UNICEF.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bradshaw, J. and N. Finch (2002), “A Comparison of Child Benefit Packages in 22 Countries,” Department for Work and Pensions Research Report, No. 174.zh_TW
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