學術產出-學位論文

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 從學員觀點談國防語文中心英語高級班成效研究
A Study on Effects of English Advanced Class in Military Language Institute from Trainees’ Perspective
作者 張杏萍
Chang, Shin Ping
貢獻者 卜道
Blundell, David
張杏萍
Chang, Shin Ping
關鍵詞 ESP
EAC
Military Language Institute
日期 2011
上傳時間 12-Apr-2012 14:21:53 (UTC+8)
摘要 English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has grown to become one of the most prominent areas of language learning and teaching today. There have been a number of studies that have investigated the effective ESP programs requiring relevant materials, knowledgeable instructors, and teamwork with subject matter professionals but it is not easy to find out studies related to effective ESP programs in the military. To explore and analyze English Advanced Class in Military Language Institute, it expects meaningful findings to indicate whether ESP theory for trainees is appropriately and effectively well embodied in English Advanced Class. To understand trainees’ needs, factors to affect trainees and trainees’ expectation toward English Advanced Class, the quantitative analysis of the questionnaire is conducted through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and ANOVA in order to indicate the direction and relationship within variables. By analyzing data, the findings reveal that course materials and teaching style need to be considered to meet trainees’ needs before starting English Advanced Class. Also, this research identifies performances concerning about motivation, positive attitude and anxiety.
參考文獻 English References
Atkinson, J., & Feather, N. (1966). A theory of achievement motivation. New York : Wiley.
Asher, J., & Price, B. (1967). The learning strategy of total physical response: some age differences. Child Development, 38(4), 1219-1227.
Arnold, J., & Fonseca, C. (2004) Multiple Intelligence Theory and Foreign Language Learning: A Brain-based Perspective. International Journal of English Studies, 4 (1), 119-136.
Bowen, D., & Bowen, M. (1989). Aptitude for interpreting. In Laura Gran & John Dodds (Eds.), The Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Teaching Conference Interpretation. Udine: Campanotto.
Bloomfield, L. (1942). Outline Guide for the practical study of foreign language. Baltimore: Linguistic Society of America.
Basturkmen, H. (2010). Developing Courses in English for Specific Purposes. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Baumann, U. & Shelley, M. (2003) Adult learners of German at the Open University: Their knowledge of, and attitudes towards Germany. Open Learning, 18 (1), 61‐74.
Brace, I (2008). Questionnaire Design: How to Plan, Structure and Write Survey Material for Effective Market Research (2nd Edition). London, GBR: Kogan Page Ltd.
Cunningsworth, A. (2002). Choosing Your Course book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Chattoo, Calmer D. (2001). Reference Services: Meeting the Needs of International Adult Learners. The Reference Librarian, 33(69), 349-362.
Labassi, T. (2008). On Responsible Uses of English: English for Emancipation, Correction and Academic Purposes. Changing English, 15(4), 407-414.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (1978). An ESL index of development. TESOL Quarterly, 12(4), 439-448.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and principles in teaching. New York: Oxford University Press.
Locke, E. A. (1968). Toward a Theory of Task Motivation and Incentives. Organizational behavior and human performance, (3)2, 157-189.
Lan, Y. J. (2009). The Essential Components of a language-Learning-Centered Study of Technology Enhanced Foreign Language Learning. The Technology Enhanced Learning Conference 2009, October 6-8, 2009, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Retrieved May 10, 2011 from
http://lan.ice.ntnu.edu.tw/~lan/images/c/c0/87.pdf.
Lalonde, R. N., & Gardner, R. C. (1993). Statistics as a second language? A model for predicting performance in psychology students. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 25, 108-125.
Li, G. F., & Xiang, B.Y. (2010). On the Application of Affective Filter Hypothesis in China`s TEFL. Joumal of Huangshi Institute of Technology, 27(2), 83-86.
Morray, M. K. (1980):“Inelec: Teamwork in an EST Program”. In Team Teaching in ESP (ELT Documents 106), 96-91. London: The British Council.
Mayberry, R., & Lock, E. (2003). Age constraints on first versus second language acquisition:Evidence for linguistic plasticity and epigenesist. Brain and Language, 87 (3), 369-384.
Cheydleur, F. D. (1932). An experiment in adult learning of French at the Madison Wisconsin Vocational School. The Journal of Educational Research, 26(4), 259-275.
MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44, 283-305.
Morgan, R. (2002).The role of English language teaching: linguistic imperialism or linguistic empowerment? TESL-EJ, 6(1), Retrieved May 2, 2011 from http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume6/ej21/ej21f1/
Mushi, S. (2002). Simultaneous and Successive Second Language Learning: Integral Ingredients of the Human Development Process. Early Child Development and Care, 172(4), 349-358.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.
Mackay, R., & Mountford, A. (1978). English for specific purposes: A case study approach. London: Longman Group.
Moss, D. & Lauren, R. F. (2003). Second Language Acquisition in Adults: From Research to Practice. Retrieved May 10, 2011, from http://www.cal.org/Caela/esl_resources/digests/SLA.html.
Morris, F. (2001). Language learning motivation for the class of 2002: Why first year Puerto Rican high school students learn English. Language and Education, 15, 269-278.
McBride, N., & Seago, K.(1999). Grammar and hypertext: building blocks of adult second language grammar mediation through a hypertext package (The A to Z of Grammar) in relation to current theories of adult second language acquisition/learning and the structural features of hypertext systems. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 8(2), 181-198.
Unpublished master’s thesis, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung , Taiwan.
MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1990). Motivation for language learning: Is money reason enough? Canadian Psychology, 31, 398 (IP6a).
Collier, V. P. (1987). Age and rate of acquisition of a second language for academic purposes. TESOL Quarterly, 21(4), 617-641.
MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Investigating language class
anxiety using the focussed essay technique. Modern Language Journal,
75, 296-304.
MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Language anxiety: Its relationship
to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages. Language Learning, 41, 513-534.
MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Methods and results in the study of anxiety and language learning: A review of the literature. Language Learning, 41, 85-117.
Moss, Donna, & Lauren Ross-Feldman. (2003). Second language acquisition in adults: From research to practice. Ishington, DC: National Center for ESL Literacy Education. Retrieved Feb 5, 2010, from http://www.cal.org/caela/esl_resources/digests/SLA.html
Marinova-Todd, S. H., Marshall, D. B., & Snow, C. E. (2000). Three misconceptions about age and L2 learning. TESOL Quarterly, 34(1),
9-33.
Nayar, B. P. (1997). ESL/EFL Dichotomy Today: Language Politics or Pragmatics?. TESOL Quarterly, 31(1), 9-37.
Cronbach, L. J. & Snow, R. E. (1977). Aptitudes and instructional methods. New
Nicholls, S., & Frame, P. (1983). Talking shop: on teaching English as a second language in Britain. ELT Journal, 37(4), 319-323.
Neufeld, R.W. J., & Gardner, R. C. (1990). Data aggregation in evaluating psychological constructs: Multivariate and logical deductive considerations. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 34, 276-296.
Nemser, W. (1971). Approximative Systems of Foreign Language Learners.
IRAL, 9(2), 115-123.
Naiman, N., Frohlich, M., Stern, H. H. & Todesco, A. (1978). The Good
Language Learner. Toronto: Modern Language Centre, Ontario Institute
for Studies in Education.
Olson, L., & Samuels, S. J. (1973). The relationship between age and accuracy of foreign language pronunciation. The Journal of Educational Research, 66(6), 263-267.
Oxford, R., & Shearin, J. (1994). Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework. Modern Language Journal, 78, 12-28.
Ogunleye, J. (2002). Creative Approaches to Raising Achievement of Adult Learners in English Further Education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 26(2), 173-181.
York / London / Toronto / Sydney: Irvington Publishers.
Odlin, T. (1989). Language transfer: cross-linguistic influence in language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Park, P. W. (2009). Developing ESP theory in the military context. Retrieved from June 4, 2011, from http://cau.ac.kr/~edusol/see/vol/v27_1.htm
Robinson, P. & Ellis, N.C. (Eds.) (2008) Handbook of cognitive linguistics and second language acquisition.
Paunonen, S., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Biases resulting from the use of aggregated variables in psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 109,
520-523.
Perales, J. & Cenoz, J. (2002). The Effect of Individual and Contextual Factors in Adult Second-language Acquisition in the Basque Country. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 15(1), 1-15.
Pittaway, D. S. (2004). Investment and Second Language Acquisition. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 1(4), 203-218.
Richterich, R., & Chancerel, J. L. (1980). Identifying the needs of adults learning a foreign language. Oxford : Pergamon Press.
Randhawa, B. S., & Korpan, S. M. (1973). Assessment of some significant
affective variables and the prediction of achievement in French.
Coryell, J. E., & Chlup, D. T.(2007). Implementing E-Learning components with adult English language learners: Vital factors and lessons learned. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 20(3), 263-278.
Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 5(1), 24-33.
Rassool, N. (2007). Global issues in language, education and development: perspectives from postcolonial countries. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Richards, J., Platt, J., & Weber, H. (1985). Longman dictionary of applied linguistics. Harlow, Esgender: Longman.
Richards, J. C., Platt, J., & Platt, H. (1992). Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. England : Longman.
Reguant, S. & Casadella, J. (1994). English as lingua franca in geological scientific publications. A bibliometric analysis. Scienwmetrics, 29(3), 335-351.
Richardson, H. D. (1993). Discovering Aptitude for the Modern Languages. The Modern Language Journal, 18(3), 160-170.
Riney, T., & Flege, J. (1998). Changes over time in global foreign accent and liquid identifiability and accuracy. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20(2), 213-243.
Richards, J., Platt, J. J., & Weber, H. (1985). The Longman dictionary of applied linguistics. London: Longman.
Robinson, P. (1980). ESP (English for specific purposes). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Robinson, P. (1991). ESP today: a Practitioner’s guide. Hemel Hemstead: Prentice Hall.
Coady, J., & Huckin, T. (1997). Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Romo, A. J. (2006). An English for specific purposes curriculum to prepare English learners to become nursing assistants. Brigham Young University
Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67.
Steiner, G. (1975). After Babel: aspects of language and translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Solé, C. R. i. (2003). Culture for Beginners: A Subjective and Realistic Approach for Adult Language Learners. Language and Intercultural Communication, 3(2), 141-150.
Saarniit,K.(2010). Analysis of a set of coursebooks for teaching military English. Retrieved January, 26, 2011, from http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15248
Short, J. R., Boniche, A., Kim, & Li, P. (2001). Cultural globalization, global English, and geography journals. Professional Geographer, 53 (1), 1-11.
Sivell, J. (1986). ESL or EFL, Same or Different?. The Question of Professional Roles TESL Canada Journal, 4(1), 13-22.
Scrivener, J. (2005). Learning Teaching: A guidebook for English language teachers. Oxford: Macmillian.
Selinker, L. (1972). Interlaguage. IRAL, 10(3), 209-231.
Schumann, J. H. (1995). Ad minorem theorae gloriam. A response to Eubank and Gregg. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 17(1), 59-63.
Chomsky, N. (1964). Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Mouto: The Huage.
Schumann, J. H. (1976). Second language acquisition: The pidginization hypothesis. Language Learning, 26(2), 391-408.
Schumann, J. H. (1978). The acculturation model for second language acquisition. In R.C. Gingras, Ed., Second Language Acquisition and
Foreign Language Learning. Ishington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Suchett-Kaye, C. (1972). Personality Factors and Self-Instruction: A Survey. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 9(4), 206-220.
Stuit, D. B. (1950). Construction and Educational Significance of Aptitude Tests. Review of Educational Research, 20(1), 27-37.
Snow, R. E. (1992). Aptitude Theory: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. Educational Psychologist, 27(1), 5-32.
Snow, C., & Hoefnagel-Hohle, M. (1978). The critical period for language
acquisition: evidence from second language learning. Child
Development, 49(4), 1114-1128.
Singleton, D. & Lengyel Z. (eds.) (1995). The age factor in second language
Corder, S. P. (1971). Idiosyncratic errors and Error Analysis. IRAL, 9(2), 147-159.
acquisition: a critical look at the Critical Period Hypothesis. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Solé, C. R. (2003). Culture for Beginners: A Subjective and Realistic Approach for Adult Language Learners. Language and Intercultural Communication, 3(2), 141-150.
Strevens, P. (1988). ESP after twenty years: a re-appraisal. In M. Tickoo (Ed.) ESP: State of the Art. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre.
Stevick, E. (1976). Memory, Meaning, and Method. MA: Newbury House Publisher.
Synodinos, N. E., (2003). The “art” of questionnaire construction: some important considerations for manufacturing studies. Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 14 (3), 221-237.
Vázquez, S. M., & Rapetti, M. V. (2006). Future time perspective and motivational categories in Argentinean adolescents. Adolescence, 41(163), 511-532.
Wang, P. C. (2008). Evaluation of the ESP program for civil servants from learners’ perspective—A case study of English elite training program at Kaohsiung city government. Unpublished master’s thesis, Southern Taiwan University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in Contact. Mouton: The Huage.
Wang, W. (1998). Age-related effects in adult second language acquisition: A study of Mandarin-speaking learners of English. PhD thesis, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto.
Wang, W. (1999). Age and Second Language Acquisition in Adulthood: The Learning Experiences and Perceptions of Women Immigrants. TESL Canada Journal, 16(2), 1-19.
Corder, S. P. (1967). The significance of learner’s errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 5(4), 161-170.
West, L. (1984). Needs assessment in occupational specific VESL. The ESP Journal, 3, 143-152.
Zaidoun. (2007). Second Language Acquisition. Ezine Articles. Retrieved
May 11, 2011, from
http://education.ezine9.com/second-language-acquisition-138ad019fb.html
The FL Program Evaluation Project at the University of Hawaii. (2011). Learner Centered Methodologies Written by Rhonda Wynne. Retrieved
June 16, 2011, from http://www.assetproject.info/learner_methodologies/introduction.html
The role of the ESP teacher. Retrieved April, 2, 2011, from fhttp://www.jezykangielski.org/theroleoftheespteacher.pdf
Preparing to Collect Data. 2000-2004 Education Development Center, Inc. All rights reserved. Last Modified October 15, 2004. Retrieved July 12th, from http://www.neirtec.org/evaluation/
Chinese References
廖柏森,2004,「英語全球化脈絡裡的台灣英語教育」,英語教學,第29卷第1期:107-121。
Cook, V. J. (1986). Experimental approaches applied to two areas of second language learning research: age and listening-based teaching methods. Retrieved May, 30, 2011, from http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/Writings/Papers/EXpAppChap2.htm
廖柏森(2005),「以英語為國際語(EIL)之義涵與教學觀」,英語教學,第30卷第1期:1-14。
吳明隆,2009,SPSS 統計應用實務(第二版),台北:五南。
吳明隆,2010,論文寫作與量化研究(第二版),台北:五南。
Cook, V. J. (1991). The poverty-of-the-stimulus argument and multi-competence. Second Language Research, 7(2), 103-117.
Cook, V. J. (1992). Evidence for multi-competence. Language Learning, 42(4), 557-591.
Cook, V. J. (1999). Going beyond the native speaker in language teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 33(2), 185-209.
Crossey, M. (2008). English for Global Peacekeeping. Current Issues in Language Planning, 9(2), 207- 218.
Crystal, D. (2007). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chyi-Chir Kao, 1999. A Study of the Effects of Attitude and Motivation on Military Officers Achievement in Learning Foreign Languages. Fu Hsing Kang Academic Journal, No. 66, 15-39.
Chyi-Chir Kao, 1991. A Study of the Roles of Attitudinal and Motivational Factors in Foreign Language Learning and Acquisition. Fu Hsing Kang Academic Journal, No. 46, 1-42.
Chamberlain, R. (1980): "The SP of the E". In Team Teaching in ESP (ELT Documents 106), 97-108. London: The British Council.
Carrió Pastor, M. L. (2007). The internet as a tool to learn a second language in a technical environment. European Journal of Engineering Education, 32(5), 599- 612.
Douglas, D. (2000). Assessing languages for specific purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in
human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human
needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
Dornyei, Z., & Kormos, J. (2000). The role of individual and social variables in oral task performance. Language Teaching Research, 4, 75-3000.
Dudley-Evans, T. & St John, M. J. (1998). Developments in English for Specific Purposes: A multi-disciplinary approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Donitsa-Schmidt, S., Inbar, O., & Shohamy, E. (2004). The effects of teaching spoken Arabic on students’ attitudes and motivation in Israel. The
Modern Language Journal, 88(2), 217-228.
Dulay, H., Burt, M., & Krashen, S. (1982). Language two. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ellis, R. (1997). SLA research and language teaching. New York: Oxford University Press.
Eisenchlas, S. A. (2009). Conceptualizing `Communication` in Second Language Acquisition. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 29(1), 45-58.
Eaton, S.E. (2010). Global Trends in Language Learning in the Twenty-first Century. Calgary: Onate Press.
Ellis, R. (1994). The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Gass, S. M. (1993). Second language acquisition: past, present and future. Second Language Research, 9(2), 99-117.
Gregersen, T., & Horwitz, E. K. (2002). Language learning and perfectionism: anxious and non-anxious language learners’ reactions to their own performance. The Modern Language Journal, 86 (2), 562-570.
Gardner, R. C., & Tremblay, P. F. (1994). On motivation, research agendas, and theoretical frameworks. Modern Language Journal, 78, 359-368.
Gardner, R. C. (1999). Correlation, causation, motivation and second language acquisition. Canadian Psychology, 40, 73.
Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1992). A student`s contribution to Second Language Learning: Part I. Cognitive Factors. Language Teaching, 25(4), 211-220.
Gardner, R. C., & Lysynchuk, L. M. (1990). The role of aptitude, attitudes, motivation and language use on second-language acquisition and retention. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 22, 254-270.
Gardner, R. C., MacIntyre, P. D., & Lysynchuk, L. M. (1990). The affective dimension in second-language programme evaluation. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 3, 39-64.
Grabe, W. (1998). English, Information Access, and Technology Transfer: A Rationale for English as an International Language. World Englishes, 7(1), 63-72.
Graddol, D. (1997). The Future of English? A guide to forecasting the popularity of the English language in the 21st century. London: British Council.
Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. Baltimore, MD: Edward Arnold.
Gardner, R. C. (1991). Second-language learning in adults: Correlates of proficiency. Applied Language Learning, 2, 1-26.
Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1991). An instrumental motivation in language study: Who says it isn`t effective? Studies in Second
Language Acquisition, 13, 57-72.
Gardner, R., & Lambert, W.(1972). Attitudes and Motivation in Second Language Learning. Rowley, Mass: Newbury House.
Gass, S. M. (2001). Second language acquisition: past, present and future. Second Language Research, 17(4), 421-441.
Gardner, R. C., Day, B., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1992). Integrative motivation, induced anxiety, and language learning in a controlled environment. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14, 197-214.
Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993). On the measurement of affective variables in second language learning. Language Learning, 43, 157-194.
Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993). A student`s contributions to second language learning. Part II: Affective variables. Language Teaching, 26, 1-11
Gardner, R. C. (2001) Integrative motivation: Past, present and future. Temple University Japan, Distinguished Lecturer Series, Tokyo, February 17, 2001; Osaka, February 24, 2001. Retrieved June 6, 2011 from http://publish.uwo.ca/~gardner/ GardnerPublicLecture1.pdf.
Gardner, R. C. (1968), Attitudes and Motivation: Their Role in Second-Language Acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 2(3), 141-150.
Gatehouse, K. (2001). Key issues in English for Specific purposes (ESP) curriculum development. Internet TESL Journal, 7 (10). Retrieved May 02, 2011, from http://iteslj.org/Articles/Gatehouse-ESP.html
Garcia Mayo, M. P. (1998). The development of ESP: language description and its influence of pedagogical materials. Retrieved April 10th, 2011 from http://acceda.ulpgc.es/handle/10553/4303/browse?type=title&sort_by=1&order=ASC&rpp=20&etal=-1&starts_with=T
Haralambos, M. & Holborn, M. (2000). Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. Hammersmith. London: HarperCollins Publishers.
Hannaford, C. (1995). Smart moves: Why learning is not all in your head. Arlington. VA: Great Ocean Publishers.
HcCoy , 1. R. (1979). Means to overcome the anxiety of second 1anguage 1earners. Foreign Language Anna1s, 12 (1), 185.
Hutchinson, T., & Waters, A. (2001). English for Specific Purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hutchinson, T. & Waters, A. (1987). English for Specific Purposes: A learning- centered approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Huang, H. W. (2005). The Relationship between Learning Motivation and Speaking Anxiety among EFL Non-English Major Freshmen in Taiwan. Unpublished master thesis, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
Jordan, R. R. (1997). English for Academic Purposes: A Guide and Resource Book for Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Juile, M. A. (2007). Problem-Based Learning and Adult English Language Learners. Retrieved May 10, 2011 from http://www.cal.org/caela/esl_resources/briefs/Problem-based.pdf.
Jeon, M. (2009). Globalization and native English speakers in English Programme in Korea (EPIK). Language, Culture and Curriculum, 22( 3), 231-243.
Krashen,S.D.(1982). Acquiring a second language. World Englishes, 1(3), 97-101.
Krashen, S. D. (1981). The “Fundamental Pedagogical Principle”in second language teaching. Studia Linguistica, 35(1-2), 50-70.
Kennedy, C. (1980). Fundamental problems in ESP. In Team Teaching in ESP (ELT Documents 106), 118-126. London: The British Council.
Knox, A. B. (1977). Adult learning and development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kayman, M. (2004). The state of English as a global language: communicating culture. Textual Practice, 18(1), 1-22.
Keith, J. & Helen, J. (1999). Encyclopedic dictionary of applied linguistics: a
handbook for language teaching. Masschusetts: Blackwell Publishers.
Kramsch, C. (1997). The privilege of the non-native speaker. PMLA, 112 (3), 359-369.
Kramsch, C. (2003). Second language acquisition, applied linguistics and the teaching of foreign languages. Language Learning Journal, 27(1), 66-73.
Kettle, M. (2005). Critical discourse analysis and hybrid texts: Analysing english as a second language (esl). Critical Studies in Education, 46(2), 87-105.
Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon.
Krashen, S. (1981) Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Krashen, S. (1979). “The Monitor Model for second language acquisition”. In R. Gingras (ed.) Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Teaching, CAL.
Kock, A., Sleegers, P., & Voeten, M. (2004). New learning and the classification of learning environments in secondary education. Review of educational research, 74(2), 141-170.
Kitkauskienė, L (2006) General English and English Forspecific Purposes (ESP).
Santalka, 2, 88-92.
Liddell, P.(1994).Learners and second language acquisition: a union blessed by call?. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 7(2), 163-173.
Long, M. (1990). Maturational constraints on language development. Studies in Second Language Acquistion, 12(3), 251-285.
Lamendella, J. (1977). General principles of neurofunctional organization and their manifestations in primary and non-primary language acquisition.
Language Learning, 27(1), 155-196.
Lopez, E. C. (2006). Targeting English Language Learners, Tasks, and Treatments in Instructional Consultation. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 22(2), 59-79.
Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics Across Cultures. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Lado, R. (1964). Language Teaching: A Scientific Approach. New York: McGraw-Hill
Lambert , W. W., & Lambert, W. E. (1973). Social Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
94924008
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094924008
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 卜道zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Blundell, Daviden_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張杏萍zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Shin Pingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 張杏萍zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang, Shin Pingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 12-Apr-2012 14:21:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 12-Apr-2012 14:21:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 12-Apr-2012 14:21:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094924008en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/52689-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94924008zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has grown to become one of the most prominent areas of language learning and teaching today. There have been a number of studies that have investigated the effective ESP programs requiring relevant materials, knowledgeable instructors, and teamwork with subject matter professionals but it is not easy to find out studies related to effective ESP programs in the military. To explore and analyze English Advanced Class in Military Language Institute, it expects meaningful findings to indicate whether ESP theory for trainees is appropriately and effectively well embodied in English Advanced Class. To understand trainees’ needs, factors to affect trainees and trainees’ expectation toward English Advanced Class, the quantitative analysis of the questionnaire is conducted through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and ANOVA in order to indicate the direction and relationship within variables. By analyzing data, the findings reveal that course materials and teaching style need to be considered to meet trainees’ needs before starting English Advanced Class. Also, this research identifies performances concerning about motivation, positive attitude and anxiety.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract..................................................i
     Acknowledges.............................................ii
     Table of Contents.......................................iii
     List of Tables............................................v
     List of Figures........................................viii
     CHAPTER
     1. INTRODUCTION
     1.1 Background of the Study..............................1
     1.2 Purpose of the Study.................................2
     1.3 Question of the Study................................2
     1.4 Significance of the Study............................2
     1.5 Limitation of the Study..............................3
     1.6 Organization of the Study............................3
     1.7 Definition of the Terms..............................3
     2. LITERATURE REVIEW
     2.1 English as a Global English..........................5
     2.2 English as an Auxiliary Language in Military.........8
     2.3 Learner Variables and L2 Acquisition in Adult
      Learner.............................................10
      2.3.1 EFL and ESL.....................................10
      2.3.2 Second Language Acquisition.....................12
      2.3.3 Learner Variables...............................13
      2.3.4 Adult Learner...................................21
     2.4 English for Specific Purposes.......................22
     2.4.1 The Origin of ESP.................................22
     2.4.2 The Development of ESP............................23
     2.4.3 The Characteristics of ESP........................25
     2.4.4 Stages in the ESP Process.........................28
     2.4.5 Related Study in Korean Army......................42
     3. METHODOLOGY
     3.1 Research Design.....................................45
     3.2 Trainees............................................47
     3.3 Procedures..........................................47
     4. DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
     4.1 Demographic Data....................................51
     4.3 Learners`Variables..................................62
     4.4 Trainees` Expectation...............................81
     5. CONCLUSIONS
     5.1 Summary of the Study................................83
     5.2 Research Findings...................................83
     5.3 Limitation of the Study.............................88
     5.4 Suggestion for Future Research......................88
     REFERENCES...............................................90
     APPENDICES..............................................104
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094924008en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ESPen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) EACen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Military Language Instituteen_US
dc.title (題名) 從學員觀點談國防語文中心英語高級班成效研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study on Effects of English Advanced Class in Military Language Institute from Trainees’ Perspectiveen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) English Referenceszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Atkinson, J., & Feather, N. (1966). A theory of achievement motivation. New York : Wiley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Asher, J., & Price, B. (1967). The learning strategy of total physical response: some age differences. Child Development, 38(4), 1219-1227.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arnold, J., & Fonseca, C. (2004) Multiple Intelligence Theory and Foreign Language Learning: A Brain-based Perspective. International Journal of English Studies, 4 (1), 119-136.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bowen, D., & Bowen, M. (1989). Aptitude for interpreting. In Laura Gran & John Dodds (Eds.), The Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Teaching Conference Interpretation. Udine: Campanotto.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bloomfield, L. (1942). Outline Guide for the practical study of foreign language. Baltimore: Linguistic Society of America.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Basturkmen, H. (2010). Developing Courses in English for Specific Purposes. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baumann, U. & Shelley, M. (2003) Adult learners of German at the Open University: Their knowledge of, and attitudes towards Germany. Open Learning, 18 (1), 61‐74.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brace, I (2008). Questionnaire Design: How to Plan, Structure and Write Survey Material for Effective Market Research (2nd Edition). London, GBR: Kogan Page Ltd.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cunningsworth, A. (2002). Choosing Your Course book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Presszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chattoo, Calmer D. (2001). Reference Services: Meeting the Needs of International Adult Learners. The Reference Librarian, 33(69), 349-362.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Labassi, T. (2008). On Responsible Uses of English: English for Emancipation, Correction and Academic Purposes. Changing English, 15(4), 407-414.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Larsen-Freeman, D. (1978). An ESL index of development. TESOL Quarterly, 12(4), 439-448.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and principles in teaching. New York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Locke, E. A. (1968). Toward a Theory of Task Motivation and Incentives. Organizational behavior and human performance, (3)2, 157-189.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lan, Y. J. (2009). The Essential Components of a language-Learning-Centered Study of Technology Enhanced Foreign Language Learning. The Technology Enhanced Learning Conference 2009, October 6-8, 2009, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Retrieved May 10, 2011 fromzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://lan.ice.ntnu.edu.tw/~lan/images/c/c0/87.pdf.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lalonde, R. N., & Gardner, R. C. (1993). Statistics as a second language? A model for predicting performance in psychology students. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 25, 108-125.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Li, G. F., & Xiang, B.Y. (2010). On the Application of Affective Filter Hypothesis in China`s TEFL. Joumal of Huangshi Institute of Technology, 27(2), 83-86.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morray, M. K. (1980):“Inelec: Teamwork in an EST Program”. In Team Teaching in ESP (ELT Documents 106), 96-91. London: The British Council.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mayberry, R., & Lock, E. (2003). Age constraints on first versus second language acquisition:Evidence for linguistic plasticity and epigenesist. Brain and Language, 87 (3), 369-384.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cheydleur, F. D. (1932). An experiment in adult learning of French at the Madison Wisconsin Vocational School. The Journal of Educational Research, 26(4), 259-275.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44, 283-305.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morgan, R. (2002).The role of English language teaching: linguistic imperialism or linguistic empowerment? TESL-EJ, 6(1), Retrieved May 2, 2011 from http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume6/ej21/ej21f1/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mushi, S. (2002). Simultaneous and Successive Second Language Learning: Integral Ingredients of the Human Development Process. Early Child Development and Care, 172(4), 349-358.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mackay, R., & Mountford, A. (1978). English for specific purposes: A case study approach. London: Longman Group.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Moss, D. & Lauren, R. F. (2003). Second Language Acquisition in Adults: From Research to Practice. Retrieved May 10, 2011, from http://www.cal.org/Caela/esl_resources/digests/SLA.html.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morris, F. (2001). Language learning motivation for the class of 2002: Why first year Puerto Rican high school students learn English. Language and Education, 15, 269-278.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McBride, N., & Seago, K.(1999). Grammar and hypertext: building blocks of adult second language grammar mediation through a hypertext package (The A to Z of Grammar) in relation to current theories of adult second language acquisition/learning and the structural features of hypertext systems. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 8(2), 181-198.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Unpublished master’s thesis, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung , Taiwan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1990). Motivation for language learning: Is money reason enough? Canadian Psychology, 31, 398 (IP6a).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Collier, V. P. (1987). Age and rate of acquisition of a second language for academic purposes. TESOL Quarterly, 21(4), 617-641.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Investigating language classzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) anxiety using the focussed essay technique. Modern Language Journal,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 75, 296-304.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Language anxiety: Its relationshipzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages. Language Learning, 41, 513-534.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Methods and results in the study of anxiety and language learning: A review of the literature. Language Learning, 41, 85-117.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Moss, Donna, & Lauren Ross-Feldman. (2003). Second language acquisition in adults: From research to practice. Ishington, DC: National Center for ESL Literacy Education. Retrieved Feb 5, 2010, from http://www.cal.org/caela/esl_resources/digests/SLA.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Marinova-Todd, S. H., Marshall, D. B., & Snow, C. E. (2000). Three misconceptions about age and L2 learning. TESOL Quarterly, 34(1),zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nayar, B. P. (1997). ESL/EFL Dichotomy Today: Language Politics or Pragmatics?. TESOL Quarterly, 31(1), 9-37.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cronbach, L. J. & Snow, R. E. (1977). Aptitudes and instructional methods. Newzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nicholls, S., & Frame, P. (1983). Talking shop: on teaching English as a second language in Britain. ELT Journal, 37(4), 319-323.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Neufeld, R.W. J., & Gardner, R. C. (1990). Data aggregation in evaluating psychological constructs: Multivariate and logical deductive considerations. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 34, 276-296.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nemser, W. (1971). Approximative Systems of Foreign Language Learners.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) IRAL, 9(2), 115-123.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Naiman, N., Frohlich, M., Stern, H. H. & Todesco, A. (1978). The Goodzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Language Learner. Toronto: Modern Language Centre, Ontario Institutezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) for Studies in Education.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Olson, L., & Samuels, S. J. (1973). The relationship between age and accuracy of foreign language pronunciation. The Journal of Educational Research, 66(6), 263-267.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Oxford, R., & Shearin, J. (1994). Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework. Modern Language Journal, 78, 12-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ogunleye, J. (2002). Creative Approaches to Raising Achievement of Adult Learners in English Further Education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 26(2), 173-181.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) York / London / Toronto / Sydney: Irvington Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Odlin, T. (1989). Language transfer: cross-linguistic influence in language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Park, P. W. (2009). Developing ESP theory in the military context. Retrieved from June 4, 2011, from http://cau.ac.kr/~edusol/see/vol/v27_1.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Robinson, P. & Ellis, N.C. (Eds.) (2008) Handbook of cognitive linguistics and second language acquisition.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Paunonen, S., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Biases resulting from the use of aggregated variables in psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 109,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 520-523.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Perales, J. & Cenoz, J. (2002). The Effect of Individual and Contextual Factors in Adult Second-language Acquisition in the Basque Country. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 15(1), 1-15.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pittaway, D. S. (2004). Investment and Second Language Acquisition. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 1(4), 203-218.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richterich, R., & Chancerel, J. L. (1980). Identifying the needs of adults learning a foreign language. Oxford : Pergamon Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Randhawa, B. S., & Korpan, S. M. (1973). Assessment of some significantzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) affective variables and the prediction of achievement in French.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coryell, J. E., & Chlup, D. T.(2007). Implementing E-Learning components with adult English language learners: Vital factors and lessons learned. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 20(3), 263-278.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 5(1), 24-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rassool, N. (2007). Global issues in language, education and development: perspectives from postcolonial countries. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richards, J., Platt, J., & Weber, H. (1985). Longman dictionary of applied linguistics. Harlow, Esgender: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richards, J. C., Platt, J., & Platt, H. (1992). Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. England : Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reguant, S. & Casadella, J. (1994). English as lingua franca in geological scientific publications. A bibliometric analysis. Scienwmetrics, 29(3), 335-351.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richardson, H. D. (1993). Discovering Aptitude for the Modern Languages. The Modern Language Journal, 18(3), 160-170.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Riney, T., & Flege, J. (1998). Changes over time in global foreign accent and liquid identifiability and accuracy. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20(2), 213-243.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richards, J., Platt, J. J., & Weber, H. (1985). The Longman dictionary of applied linguistics. London: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Robinson, P. (1980). ESP (English for specific purposes). Oxford: Pergamon Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Robinson, P. (1991). ESP today: a Practitioner’s guide. Hemel Hemstead: Prentice Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coady, J., & Huckin, T. (1997). Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Romo, A. J. (2006). An English for specific purposes curriculum to prepare English learners to become nursing assistants. Brigham Young Universityzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Steiner, G. (1975). After Babel: aspects of language and translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Solé, C. R. i. (2003). Culture for Beginners: A Subjective and Realistic Approach for Adult Language Learners. Language and Intercultural Communication, 3(2), 141-150.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Saarniit,K.(2010). Analysis of a set of coursebooks for teaching military English. Retrieved January, 26, 2011, from http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15248zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Short, J. R., Boniche, A., Kim, & Li, P. (2001). Cultural globalization, global English, and geography journals. Professional Geographer, 53 (1), 1-11.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sivell, J. (1986). ESL or EFL, Same or Different?. The Question of Professional Roles TESL Canada Journal, 4(1), 13-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scrivener, J. (2005). Learning Teaching: A guidebook for English language teachers. Oxford: Macmillian.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Selinker, L. (1972). Interlaguage. IRAL, 10(3), 209-231.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schumann, J. H. (1995). Ad minorem theorae gloriam. A response to Eubank and Gregg. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 17(1), 59-63.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chomsky, N. (1964). Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Mouto: The Huage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schumann, J. H. (1976). Second language acquisition: The pidginization hypothesis. Language Learning, 26(2), 391-408.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schumann, J. H. (1978). The acculturation model for second language acquisition. In R.C. Gingras, Ed., Second Language Acquisition andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Foreign Language Learning. Ishington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Suchett-Kaye, C. (1972). Personality Factors and Self-Instruction: A Survey. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 9(4), 206-220.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stuit, D. B. (1950). Construction and Educational Significance of Aptitude Tests. Review of Educational Research, 20(1), 27-37.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Snow, R. E. (1992). Aptitude Theory: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. Educational Psychologist, 27(1), 5-32.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Snow, C., & Hoefnagel-Hohle, M. (1978). The critical period for languagezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) acquisition: evidence from second language learning. Childzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Development, 49(4), 1114-1128.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Singleton, D. & Lengyel Z. (eds.) (1995). The age factor in second languagezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Corder, S. P. (1971). Idiosyncratic errors and Error Analysis. IRAL, 9(2), 147-159.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) acquisition: a critical look at the Critical Period Hypothesis. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Solé, C. R. (2003). Culture for Beginners: A Subjective and Realistic Approach for Adult Language Learners. Language and Intercultural Communication, 3(2), 141-150.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Strevens, P. (1988). ESP after twenty years: a re-appraisal. In M. Tickoo (Ed.) ESP: State of the Art. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stevick, E. (1976). Memory, Meaning, and Method. MA: Newbury House Publisher.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Synodinos, N. E., (2003). The “art” of questionnaire construction: some important considerations for manufacturing studies. Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 14 (3), 221-237.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vázquez, S. M., & Rapetti, M. V. (2006). Future time perspective and motivational categories in Argentinean adolescents. Adolescence, 41(163), 511-532.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wang, P. C. (2008). Evaluation of the ESP program for civil servants from learners’ perspective—A case study of English elite training program at Kaohsiung city government. Unpublished master’s thesis, Southern Taiwan University, Tainan, Taiwan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in Contact. Mouton: The Huage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wang, W. (1998). Age-related effects in adult second language acquisition: A study of Mandarin-speaking learners of English. PhD thesis, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wang, W. (1999). Age and Second Language Acquisition in Adulthood: The Learning Experiences and Perceptions of Women Immigrants. TESL Canada Journal, 16(2), 1-19.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Corder, S. P. (1967). The significance of learner’s errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 5(4), 161-170.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) West, L. (1984). Needs assessment in occupational specific VESL. The ESP Journal, 3, 143-152.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zaidoun. (2007). Second Language Acquisition. Ezine Articles. Retrievedzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) May 11, 2011, fromzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://education.ezine9.com/second-language-acquisition-138ad019fb.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) The FL Program Evaluation Project at the University of Hawaii. (2011). Learner Centered Methodologies Written by Rhonda Wynne. Retrievedzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) June 16, 2011, from http://www.assetproject.info/learner_methodologies/introduction.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) The role of the ESP teacher. Retrieved April, 2, 2011, from fhttp://www.jezykangielski.org/theroleoftheespteacher.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Preparing to Collect Data. 2000-2004 Education Development Center, Inc. All rights reserved. Last Modified October 15, 2004. Retrieved July 12th, from http://www.neirtec.org/evaluation/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chinese Referenceszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 廖柏森,2004,「英語全球化脈絡裡的台灣英語教育」,英語教學,第29卷第1期:107-121。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cook, V. J. (1986). Experimental approaches applied to two areas of second language learning research: age and listening-based teaching methods. Retrieved May, 30, 2011, from http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/Writings/Papers/EXpAppChap2.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 廖柏森(2005),「以英語為國際語(EIL)之義涵與教學觀」,英語教學,第30卷第1期:1-14。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳明隆,2009,SPSS 統計應用實務(第二版),台北:五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳明隆,2010,論文寫作與量化研究(第二版),台北:五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cook, V. J. (1991). The poverty-of-the-stimulus argument and multi-competence. Second Language Research, 7(2), 103-117.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cook, V. J. (1992). Evidence for multi-competence. Language Learning, 42(4), 557-591.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cook, V. J. (1999). Going beyond the native speaker in language teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 33(2), 185-209.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Crossey, M. (2008). English for Global Peacekeeping. Current Issues in Language Planning, 9(2), 207- 218.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Crystal, D. (2007). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chyi-Chir Kao, 1999. A Study of the Effects of Attitude and Motivation on Military Officers Achievement in Learning Foreign Languages. Fu Hsing Kang Academic Journal, No. 66, 15-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chyi-Chir Kao, 1991. A Study of the Roles of Attitudinal and Motivational Factors in Foreign Language Learning and Acquisition. Fu Hsing Kang Academic Journal, No. 46, 1-42.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chamberlain, R. (1980): "The SP of the E". In Team Teaching in ESP (ELT Documents 106), 97-108. London: The British Council.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carrió Pastor, M. L. (2007). The internet as a tool to learn a second language in a technical environment. European Journal of Engineering Education, 32(5), 599- 612.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Douglas, D. (2000). Assessing languages for specific purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) human behavior. New York: Plenum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Humanzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dornyei, Z., & Kormos, J. (2000). The role of individual and social variables in oral task performance. Language Teaching Research, 4, 75-3000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dudley-Evans, T. & St John, M. J. (1998). Developments in English for Specific Purposes: A multi-disciplinary approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Donitsa-Schmidt, S., Inbar, O., & Shohamy, E. (2004). The effects of teaching spoken Arabic on students’ attitudes and motivation in Israel. Thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Modern Language Journal, 88(2), 217-228.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dulay, H., Burt, M., & Krashen, S. (1982). Language two. New York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ellis, R. (1997). SLA research and language teaching. New York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eisenchlas, S. A. (2009). Conceptualizing `Communication` in Second Language Acquisition. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 29(1), 45-58.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eaton, S.E. (2010). Global Trends in Language Learning in the Twenty-first Century. Calgary: Onate Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ellis, R. (1994). The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxfordzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gass, S. M. (1993). Second language acquisition: past, present and future. Second Language Research, 9(2), 99-117.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gregersen, T., & Horwitz, E. K. (2002). Language learning and perfectionism: anxious and non-anxious language learners’ reactions to their own performance. The Modern Language Journal, 86 (2), 562-570.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C., & Tremblay, P. F. (1994). On motivation, research agendas, and theoretical frameworks. Modern Language Journal, 78, 359-368.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C. (1999). Correlation, causation, motivation and second language acquisition. Canadian Psychology, 40, 73.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1992). A student`s contribution to Second Language Learning: Part I. Cognitive Factors. Language Teaching, 25(4), 211-220.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C., & Lysynchuk, L. M. (1990). The role of aptitude, attitudes, motivation and language use on second-language acquisition and retention. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 22, 254-270.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C., MacIntyre, P. D., & Lysynchuk, L. M. (1990). The affective dimension in second-language programme evaluation. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 3, 39-64.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grabe, W. (1998). English, Information Access, and Technology Transfer: A Rationale for English as an International Language. World Englishes, 7(1), 63-72.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Graddol, D. (1997). The Future of English? A guide to forecasting the popularity of the English language in the 21st century. London: British Council.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. Baltimore, MD: Edward Arnold.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C. (1991). Second-language learning in adults: Correlates of proficiency. Applied Language Learning, 2, 1-26.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1991). An instrumental motivation in language study: Who says it isn`t effective? Studies in Secondzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Language Acquisition, 13, 57-72.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R., & Lambert, W.(1972). Attitudes and Motivation in Second Language Learning. Rowley, Mass: Newbury House.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gass, S. M. (2001). Second language acquisition: past, present and future. Second Language Research, 17(4), 421-441.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C., Day, B., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1992). Integrative motivation, induced anxiety, and language learning in a controlled environment. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14, 197-214.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993). On the measurement of affective variables in second language learning. Language Learning, 43, 157-194.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993). A student`s contributions to second language learning. Part II: Affective variables. Language Teaching, 26, 1-11zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C. (2001) Integrative motivation: Past, present and future. Temple University Japan, Distinguished Lecturer Series, Tokyo, February 17, 2001; Osaka, February 24, 2001. Retrieved June 6, 2011 from http://publish.uwo.ca/~gardner/ GardnerPublicLecture1.pdf.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardner, R. C. (1968), Attitudes and Motivation: Their Role in Second-Language Acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 2(3), 141-150.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gatehouse, K. (2001). Key issues in English for Specific purposes (ESP) curriculum development. Internet TESL Journal, 7 (10). Retrieved May 02, 2011, from http://iteslj.org/Articles/Gatehouse-ESP.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Garcia Mayo, M. P. (1998). The development of ESP: language description and its influence of pedagogical materials. Retrieved April 10th, 2011 from http://acceda.ulpgc.es/handle/10553/4303/browse?type=title&sort_by=1&order=ASC&rpp=20&etal=-1&starts_with=Tzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Haralambos, M. & Holborn, M. (2000). Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. Hammersmith. London: HarperCollins Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hannaford, C. (1995). Smart moves: Why learning is not all in your head. Arlington. VA: Great Ocean Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) HcCoy , 1. R. (1979). Means to overcome the anxiety of second 1anguage 1earners. Foreign Language Anna1s, 12 (1), 185.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hutchinson, T., & Waters, A. (2001). English for Specific Purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hutchinson, T. & Waters, A. (1987). English for Specific Purposes: A learning- centered approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Huang, H. W. (2005). The Relationship between Learning Motivation and Speaking Anxiety among EFL Non-English Major Freshmen in Taiwan. Unpublished master thesis, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jordan, R. R. (1997). English for Academic Purposes: A Guide and Resource Book for Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Juile, M. A. (2007). Problem-Based Learning and Adult English Language Learners. Retrieved May 10, 2011 from http://www.cal.org/caela/esl_resources/briefs/Problem-based.pdf.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jeon, M. (2009). Globalization and native English speakers in English Programme in Korea (EPIK). Language, Culture and Curriculum, 22( 3), 231-243.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krashen,S.D.(1982). Acquiring a second language. World Englishes, 1(3), 97-101.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krashen, S. D. (1981). The “Fundamental Pedagogical Principle”in second language teaching. Studia Linguistica, 35(1-2), 50-70.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kennedy, C. (1980). Fundamental problems in ESP. In Team Teaching in ESP (ELT Documents 106), 118-126. London: The British Council.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Knox, A. B. (1977). Adult learning and development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kayman, M. (2004). The state of English as a global language: communicating culture. Textual Practice, 18(1), 1-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keith, J. & Helen, J. (1999). Encyclopedic dictionary of applied linguistics: azh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) handbook for language teaching. Masschusetts: Blackwell Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kramsch, C. (1997). The privilege of the non-native speaker. PMLA, 112 (3), 359-369.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kramsch, C. (2003). Second language acquisition, applied linguistics and the teaching of foreign languages. Language Learning Journal, 27(1), 66-73.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kettle, M. (2005). Critical discourse analysis and hybrid texts: Analysing english as a second language (esl). Critical Studies in Education, 46(2), 87-105.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krashen, S. (1981) Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning. Oxford: Pergamon Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krashen, S. (1979). “The Monitor Model for second language acquisition”. In R. Gingras (ed.) Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Teaching, CAL.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kock, A., Sleegers, P., & Voeten, M. (2004). New learning and the classification of learning environments in secondary education. Review of educational research, 74(2), 141-170.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kitkauskienė, L (2006) General English and English Forspecific Purposes (ESP).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Santalka, 2, 88-92.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Liddell, P.(1994).Learners and second language acquisition: a union blessed by call?. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 7(2), 163-173.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Long, M. (1990). Maturational constraints on language development. Studies in Second Language Acquistion, 12(3), 251-285.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lamendella, J. (1977). General principles of neurofunctional organization and their manifestations in primary and non-primary language acquisition.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Language Learning, 27(1), 155-196.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lopez, E. C. (2006). Targeting English Language Learners, Tasks, and Treatments in Instructional Consultation. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 22(2), 59-79.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics Across Cultures. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lado, R. (1964). Language Teaching: A Scientific Approach. New York: McGraw-Hillzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lambert , W. W., & Lambert, W. E. (1973). Social Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc.zh_TW