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題名 論台灣華語趨向動補語V上
On Directional Verb Compound V-shang4 in Taiwan Mandarin Chinese
作者 李琬婷
Lee, Woan Tyng
貢獻者 何萬順
Her, One Soon
李琬婷
Lee, Woan Tyng
關鍵詞 趨向動補語
動作事件
論旨角色
Directional verb complement
Motion events
Thematic roles
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 10:08:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文藉由動補語後方名詞，依理論架構重新分類趨向動補語Ｖ上，並探討其前後的搭配詞在分類底下與「上」之間的互動情形。首先，根據Talmy (2000) 所提出的動態事件理論區辨後方名詞，其乃是具有傳達出動態語意的名詞特徵。其次，並以V上的論旨角色作為分類，因而總共得出三種型態的V上：[ V上Ground]，[ V上Patient]，[ V上Extent]，藉此看到前方動詞和後方名詞與V上之間的緊密關係。除外並以認知語意學角度呈現其三種類型之間具有語意關連，表現出多義詞的演變型態，且符合語法化的過程。
When the morpheme shang4 ‘up’ 上 is attached to a verb, it composes a V-shang constituent, which is a member of the group of ‘verb-complement’ marking directional motion of the action (Liu, 1983/1998). V-shang signifies the movement of an object through an action from a low position to a higher position within an upward orientation; for instance, a person moves from the ground to the top of a mountain.
The previous studies have listed several extended meanings, besides the basic meaning of motion (Liu, 1998, Jiang, 2003; Pan, 2005; Yu, 2010). Most studies categorize V-shang by mixed criteria of semantic meanings and syntactic functions. Noting the lack of a theoretical basis in the classification of V-shang, this thesis depends on motion-event theory, in which an event is composed of Figure, Motion and Ground, to examine the motion event conducted by V-shang (Talmy, 2000) and Lexical Functional Grammar (Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982; Dowty, 1988; Bresnan and Zaenen, 1990; Bresnan, 2001; Her, 2009) to analyze the syntactic structures of the first verbs and shang4 in V-shang.
By analyzing the noun phrases following V-shang, the study divides [V-shang NP] into three categories: [V-shang Ground], [V-shang Patient], [V-shang Extent] and observes the verb types in each pattern. There are the changes of semantic meanings from directional motion into resultative state and of orientation from vertical path into horizontal path. Within Lexical Functional Grammar, the verb types of the first verbs in V-shang change from the physical motion verbs which require thematic roles of Theme and Location to the transitive verbs which require thematic roles of Agent and Patient. [V-shang Extent] is the most abstract category of its semantic meaning, and the verb types of the first verbs are less restricted than the verb types in other two categories. The cognitive approach also explains the relationship of the extended meanings in V-shang and shang4 (Lu, 2011). Shang4 presents the features of polysemy.
參考文獻 Andrew, Avery. 1985. The major functions of the noun phrase. Language Typology and Syntactic Description. Vol I: Clause Structure, ed. by Timothy Shopen, 62-154. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bresnan, Joan. 2001. Lexical-Functional Syntax. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bresnan, Joan, and Jonni, Kanerva, 1989. Locative inversion in Chichewa: A case study of factorization in grammar. Linguistic Inquiry, 20, 1-50.
Bresnan, Joan, and Annie, Zaenen. 1990. Deep unaccusativity in LFG. In Grammatical relations: A cross-theoretical perspective. Edited by K. Dziwirek, P. Farrell and E. M. Bikandi. 45-57. Stanford CA: CSLI Publications/Stanford Linguistics Association.
Bolinger, Dwight. 1971. The Phrasal Verb in English. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Chao, Yuen-Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Chang, Shen-Min. 1993. V-Qi (Lai) Compounds in Mandarin Chinese. Proceedings of PACFoCoL I (1993): Pacific Asia Conference on Formal and Computational Linguistics, 62-81.
Chen, Chang-Lai (陳昌來). 1994. Tan donghou quxiangdongci xingzhi- jiantan quxiang dongci yanjiu de fangfa [On the characteristics of directional verbs preceded by verbs – approaches in the research of directional verbs] 談動後趨向動詞性質-兼談趨向動詞研究的方法. Yantai Shifanxueyuan Xuebao (Zhe She ban), 4, 64-70.
Chen, Yi-Jing (陳怡靜). 2004. Xiandai　hanyu　dongci　houzhi　chengfen　zhi　yufa　yiyi　yu　jiaoxue　paixu　[The syntactic meanings and teaching sequency of the verb complement in Modern Chinese ]現代漢語動詞後置成分之語法意義與教學排序. Master’s Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University.
Chen, Liang, and Jiansheng Guo. 2009. Motion events in chinese novels: Evidence for an equi-pollently-framed language. Journal of Pragmatics 41, 1749-1766.
Cheng, Liang-Wei (鄭良偉). 1997. Taiwanese and Mandarin Structures and Their Development [台語、華語的結構與動向]. Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Co.
Chuang, Shu-Wen (莊舒文). 2001. The Co-Occurrence of Phase and Aspect. Master’s Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University.
Comrie, Bernard. 1976. Aspect. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Croft, William. 2001. Radical Construction Grammar: Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dowty, David. 1988. On the Semantic Content of the Notion “Thematic Roles”. Properties, Types and Meaning. Vol. II: Semantic Issues, ed. by Gennaro Chierchia, Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner, 69-131. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Dowty, David. 1991. Thematic proto-roles and argument selection. Language, 67 (3), 574-619.
Evans, Vyvyan. 2004. The Structure of Time: Language, Meaning and Temporal Cognition. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Fan, Xiao (范曉). 1991. V-shang　ji　qi　gou　cheng　de　jushi [V-shang and sentences with V-shang] V上及其構成的句式. Yingkou Shizhuan Xuebao, 1.
Goldberg, Adele, E. 1992. In Support of a Semantic Account of Resultatives. CSL Technical Report, 92-163.
Halliday, M.A.K. 1964. Comparison and translation, In M.A.K. Halliday, M.McIntosh and P. Strevens, The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching. London: Longman.
Her, One-Soon. 1999. Interaction of thematic structure and syntactic structures: On Mandarin Dative Alternations. Chinese Languages and Linguistics V: interaction of form and function, ed. by Y. Yin et al., 373-412. Place: Academia Sinica.
Her, One-Soon. 2003. Chinese inversion constructions within a simplified LMT. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, Monograph Series Number 19: Lexical-Functional Grammar Analysis of Chinese, edited by Adams Bodomo and Kang Kwong Luke, 1-31.
Her, One-Soon. 2007. Argument-function mismatches in Mandarin resultatives: A lexical mapping account. Lingua 117, 221-246.
Her, One-Soon. 2009. Apparent subject-object Inversion in Chinese. Linguistics, 47(5), 1143-1181.
Hopper, Paul J., and Elizabeth Traugott. 2003. Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Huang, Chu-Ren. 1993. Mandarin Chinese and the lexical mapping theory: A Study of the interaction of morphology and argument changing. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, 62(2), 337-388.
Huang, C.-T. James. 1984. Phrase structure, lexical integrity and Chinese compounds. Journal of the Chinese Teachers’ Association, 19(2), 53–48.
Jackson, Howard. 1990. Grammar and Meaning: A Semantic Approach to English Grammar. New York: Longman.
Jian, Yu-Wen (簡玉玟). 1997. Meaning and teaching of post-verbal directional components in Mandarin. Master’s Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University.
Jiang, Hua (蔣華). 2003. A tentative exploration of the grammaticalization of tendency Verb “shang.” Dongfang Luntan, 5, 45-48.
Kaplan, Ronald M., and Joan Bresnan. 1982. Lexical-Functional Grammar: A formal system for grammatical representation, in J. Bresnan (ed.), The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations. Cambridge, Ma: MIT Press.
Kim, Huey-Chia. 2005. Semantic networks of shang and xia in Mandarin Chinese: a cognitive linguistics analysis. Master’s Thesis, Providence University.
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 2003. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Li, Charles N., and Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Liu, Guang-He (劉廣和). 1999. Shuo “shang2, xia2…qilai2” jiantan　quxiang　buyu- dongqushi [On “shang2, xia2 …qulai2” and directional complements – The directional meaning] 說”上2下2…起來2” 兼談趨向補語-動趨式. Hanyu Xuexi, 2, 11-14.
Liu, Yue-Hua (劉月華). 1983. Shiyong Xiandai Hanyu　Yufa [Practical Modern Chinese Grammar] 實用現代漢語語法. Waiyu Jiaoxue yu Yanjiu Chubanshe.
Liu, Yue-Hua (劉月華). 1998. Quxiang Buyu Tongshi [General explanation of directional complements] 趨向補語通釋. Beijing: Beijing Language and Culture University.
Lu, Jian-Ming (陸儉明). 1990. Shubu　jiegou　de　fuzaxing— “xiandai　hanyu　buyu　yanjiu　ziliao” xu　[The complexity of the complement structure - on modern Chinese complement data- preface] 述補結構的複雜性—“現代漢語補語研究資料”序. Yuyan Jiaoxue Yu Yanjiu, 1, 13-20.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
98555013
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098555013
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 何萬順zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Her, One Soonen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李琬婷zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee, Woan Tyngen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李琬婷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lee, Woan Tyngen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 10:08:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 10:08:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 10:08:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098555013en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54144-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98555013zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文藉由動補語後方名詞，依理論架構重新分類趨向動補語Ｖ上，並探討其前後的搭配詞在分類底下與「上」之間的互動情形。首先，根據Talmy (2000) 所提出的動態事件理論區辨後方名詞，其乃是具有傳達出動態語意的名詞特徵。其次，並以V上的論旨角色作為分類，因而總共得出三種型態的V上：[ V上Ground]，[ V上Patient]，[ V上Extent]，藉此看到前方動詞和後方名詞與V上之間的緊密關係。除外並以認知語意學角度呈現其三種類型之間具有語意關連，表現出多義詞的演變型態，且符合語法化的過程。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) When the morpheme shang4 ‘up’ 上 is attached to a verb, it composes a V-shang constituent, which is a member of the group of ‘verb-complement’ marking directional motion of the action (Liu, 1983/1998). V-shang signifies the movement of an object through an action from a low position to a higher position within an upward orientation; for instance, a person moves from the ground to the top of a mountain.
The previous studies have listed several extended meanings, besides the basic meaning of motion (Liu, 1998, Jiang, 2003; Pan, 2005; Yu, 2010). Most studies categorize V-shang by mixed criteria of semantic meanings and syntactic functions. Noting the lack of a theoretical basis in the classification of V-shang, this thesis depends on motion-event theory, in which an event is composed of Figure, Motion and Ground, to examine the motion event conducted by V-shang (Talmy, 2000) and Lexical Functional Grammar (Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982; Dowty, 1988; Bresnan and Zaenen, 1990; Bresnan, 2001; Her, 2009) to analyze the syntactic structures of the first verbs and shang4 in V-shang.
By analyzing the noun phrases following V-shang, the study divides [V-shang NP] into three categories: [V-shang Ground], [V-shang Patient], [V-shang Extent] and observes the verb types in each pattern. There are the changes of semantic meanings from directional motion into resultative state and of orientation from vertical path into horizontal path. Within Lexical Functional Grammar, the verb types of the first verbs in V-shang change from the physical motion verbs which require thematic roles of Theme and Location to the transitive verbs which require thematic roles of Agent and Patient. [V-shang Extent] is the most abstract category of its semantic meaning, and the verb types of the first verbs are less restricted than the verb types in other two categories. The cognitive approach also explains the relationship of the extended meanings in V-shang and shang4 (Lu, 2011). Shang4 presents the features of polysemy.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents CHAPTER
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation and Purpose 2
1.2 Organization of the Thesis 6
Ⅱ. LITERATURE REVIEW 8
2.1 Semantic meanings of V-shang 9
2.1.1 Directional movement 9
2.1.2 The meaning of result 11
2.1.3 The meaning of state 13
2.2 Syntactic functions of shang 17
2.2.1 A resultative complement or an abstract particle 18
2.2.2 Aspect marker 21
2.3 Remarks 24
Ⅲ. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 28
3.1 Motion event 28
3.2 Thematic roles and Lexical Functional Grammar 32
Ⅳ. THREE CATEGORIES OF V-SHANG 37
4.1 Criteria of categories in V-shang 38
4.2 V-shang Ground 46
4.2.1 NP Ground 48
4.2.2 Path of V-shang Ground 50
4.3 V-shang Patient 53
4.3.1 NP Patient 54
4.3.2 Path of V-shang Patient 56
4.3.3 Resultative meaning 57
4.4 V-shang Extent 61
4.4.1 NP Extent 62
4.4.2 Path of V-shang Extent 66
4.4.3 The sense of V-shang Extent 67
4.5 Summary 71
Ⅴ. ANALYZING THE VERBS IN THREE TYPES OF V-SHANG 74
5.1 Verbs in V-shang Ground 74
5.1.1 Verb types in V-shang Ground 74
5.1.2 The argument structure of V-shang Ground 76
5.2 Verbs in V-shang Patient 84
5.2.1 Verb types in V-shang Patient 84
5.2.2 The argument structure of V-shang Patient 88
5.3 Verbs in V-shang Extent 91
5.3.1 Verb types in V-shang Extent 91
5.3.2 The argument structure of V-shang Extent 92
5.4 Polysemy 96
5.5 Historical viewpoints on V-shang 100
5.6 Summary 106
Ⅳ. CONCLUSION 108
APPENDIXES 110
Part I Verb types in V-shang with Ground 110
Part II Verb types in V-shang with Patient 110
REFERENCES 113		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098555013en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 趨向動補語zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動作事件zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 論旨角色zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Directional verb complementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Motion eventsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Thematic rolesen_US
dc.title (題名) 論台灣華語趨向動補語V上zh_TW
dc.title (題名) On Directional Verb Compound V-shang4 in Taiwan Mandarin Chineseen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Andrew, Avery. 1985. The major functions of the noun phrase. Language Typology and Syntactic Description. Vol I: Clause Structure, ed. by Timothy Shopen, 62-154. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bresnan, Joan. 2001. Lexical-Functional Syntax. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bresnan, Joan, and Jonni, Kanerva, 1989. Locative inversion in Chichewa: A case study of factorization in grammar. Linguistic Inquiry, 20, 1-50.
Bresnan, Joan, and Annie, Zaenen. 1990. Deep unaccusativity in LFG. In Grammatical relations: A cross-theoretical perspective. Edited by K. Dziwirek, P. Farrell and E. M. Bikandi. 45-57. Stanford CA: CSLI Publications/Stanford Linguistics Association.
Bolinger, Dwight. 1971. The Phrasal Verb in English. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Chao, Yuen-Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Chang, Shen-Min. 1993. V-Qi (Lai) Compounds in Mandarin Chinese. Proceedings of PACFoCoL I (1993): Pacific Asia Conference on Formal and Computational Linguistics, 62-81.
Chen, Chang-Lai (陳昌來). 1994. Tan donghou quxiangdongci xingzhi- jiantan quxiang dongci yanjiu de fangfa [On the characteristics of directional verbs preceded by verbs – approaches in the research of directional verbs] 談動後趨向動詞性質-兼談趨向動詞研究的方法. Yantai Shifanxueyuan Xuebao (Zhe She ban), 4, 64-70.
Chen, Yi-Jing (陳怡靜). 2004. Xiandai　hanyu　dongci　houzhi　chengfen　zhi　yufa　yiyi　yu　jiaoxue　paixu　[The syntactic meanings and teaching sequency of the verb complement in Modern Chinese ]現代漢語動詞後置成分之語法意義與教學排序. Master’s Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University.
Chen, Liang, and Jiansheng Guo. 2009. Motion events in chinese novels: Evidence for an equi-pollently-framed language. Journal of Pragmatics 41, 1749-1766.
Cheng, Liang-Wei (鄭良偉). 1997. Taiwanese and Mandarin Structures and Their Development [台語、華語的結構與動向]. Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Co.
Chuang, Shu-Wen (莊舒文). 2001. The Co-Occurrence of Phase and Aspect. Master’s Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University.
Comrie, Bernard. 1976. Aspect. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Croft, William. 2001. Radical Construction Grammar: Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dowty, David. 1988. On the Semantic Content of the Notion “Thematic Roles”. Properties, Types and Meaning. Vol. II: Semantic Issues, ed. by Gennaro Chierchia, Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner, 69-131. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Dowty, David. 1991. Thematic proto-roles and argument selection. Language, 67 (3), 574-619.
Evans, Vyvyan. 2004. The Structure of Time: Language, Meaning and Temporal Cognition. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Fan, Xiao (范曉). 1991. V-shang　ji　qi　gou　cheng　de　jushi [V-shang and sentences with V-shang] V上及其構成的句式. Yingkou Shizhuan Xuebao, 1.
Goldberg, Adele, E. 1992. In Support of a Semantic Account of Resultatives. CSL Technical Report, 92-163.
Halliday, M.A.K. 1964. Comparison and translation, In M.A.K. Halliday, M.McIntosh and P. Strevens, The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching. London: Longman.
Her, One-Soon. 1999. Interaction of thematic structure and syntactic structures: On Mandarin Dative Alternations. Chinese Languages and Linguistics V: interaction of form and function, ed. by Y. Yin et al., 373-412. Place: Academia Sinica.
Her, One-Soon. 2003. Chinese inversion constructions within a simplified LMT. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, Monograph Series Number 19: Lexical-Functional Grammar Analysis of Chinese, edited by Adams Bodomo and Kang Kwong Luke, 1-31.
Her, One-Soon. 2007. Argument-function mismatches in Mandarin resultatives: A lexical mapping account. Lingua 117, 221-246.
Her, One-Soon. 2009. Apparent subject-object Inversion in Chinese. Linguistics, 47(5), 1143-1181.
Hopper, Paul J., and Elizabeth Traugott. 2003. Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Huang, Chu-Ren. 1993. Mandarin Chinese and the lexical mapping theory: A Study of the interaction of morphology and argument changing. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, 62(2), 337-388.
Huang, C.-T. James. 1984. Phrase structure, lexical integrity and Chinese compounds. Journal of the Chinese Teachers’ Association, 19(2), 53–48.
Jackson, Howard. 1990. Grammar and Meaning: A Semantic Approach to English Grammar. New York: Longman.
Jian, Yu-Wen (簡玉玟). 1997. Meaning and teaching of post-verbal directional components in Mandarin. Master’s Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University.
Jiang, Hua (蔣華). 2003. A tentative exploration of the grammaticalization of tendency Verb “shang.” Dongfang Luntan, 5, 45-48.
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