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題名 顏色詞「黑/烏」與「白」在台灣華語、台灣客語以及台灣閩南語語意延伸之比較
Semantic extensions of the color terms, black and white, in Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hakka and Taiwanese Southern Min
作者 呂淑禎
Lu, Shu Chen
貢獻者 賴惠玲
Lai, Huei Ling
呂淑禎
Lu, Shu Chen
關鍵詞 顏色詞
隱喻
轉喩
Semantic extension
Color terms
Metaphor
Metonymy
語意延伸
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 10:53:34 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文探討顏色詞「黑/烏」與「白」在台灣華語、台灣客語以及台灣閩南語中語意延伸之比較。黑與白是自然界中最原始的顏色，而在Berlin and Kay (1969) 的顏色發展歷程中處於第一階段。本文觀察顏色詞黑與白背後的認知機制，並藉此將語料分成原始意義、轉喻延伸、隱喻延伸和特殊例子這些類別來詳述。本研究發現有些隱喻延伸普遍地存在三個語言當中，有些則是某個語言特有的，而這些語言特定的顏色詞通常蘊含文化根源、發展成構式或從外語借用而來。
本文還運用Kövecses (2005) 隱喻中的文化因素來審視顏色詞黑與白。研究發現就跨語言層面而言，台灣華語發展出最多的隱喻延伸，台灣閩南語次之，而台灣客語最少。這顯示了台灣華語顏色詞的蓬勃發展跟該語言的文化、經濟或科技等活躍發展密切相關。此外，本文發現顏色詞黑大多為負面意義，而顏色詞白則多為非負面意義。顏色詞黑與白也發展出許多語意延伸的對立，例如神秘與明確、惡與善、違法與合法。
This thesis explores the similarities and differences regarding color terms of black and white among TM, TH and TSM. Black and white are the two most fundamental colors in the natural world as designated at stage one in Berlin and Kay’s (1969) evolutionary sequence. We classify data into cognitive categories of prototypical meaning, metonymic extensions, metaphorical extensions and idiosyncratic examples, observe their corresponding lexicalization types (Packard 2000) and use Kövecses’ (2005) cultural factors in metaphor to examine them.
The three languages all contain abundant data of prototypical meanings which refer to the physiologically visual color, black and white, the representative colors of human conceptual universals about night and day (Wierzbicka 1996, Goddard 1998).
Via different ICM mechanisms (Kövecses and Radden 1998), the three languages develop diverse metonymic extensions. Besides, through the general metaphor ABSTRACT QUALITY IS PHYSICAL QUALITY (Goatly 2011), numerous attributes are conceptualized through the visual color black or white in metaphorical extensions. Some metaphorical extensions are universal across the three languages; some are language-specific because of cultural roots, fixed constructions or language borrowing. Idiosyncratic examples include arbitrary items and proverbial expressions.
We also use Kövecses’ (2005) cultural factors in metaphor to observe the cross-cultural and within-culture dimensions. For the cross-cultural dimension, in terms of the source domain of color black or white among the three languages, TM develops the most prolific metaphorical extensions of color terms, TH has the least versatile generations, and the development of TSM color terms is in between. The complexity of TM color terms is closely related to the vivacity of cultural, economic or technological developments in that language.
From the most primitive opposite of darkness and brightness, color terms of black and white also distinctively contrast with each other. The negative meanings of color terms black are proportionally dominant whereas the meanings of color terms white are mostly non-negative. Furthermore, color terms black and white reveal some evident oppositions in the metaphorical extensions such as mystery and clarity, viciousness and innocence and illegality and legality.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
96555006
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096555006
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 賴惠玲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lai, Huei Lingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 呂淑禎zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lu, Shu Chenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 呂淑禎zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lu, Shu Chenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 10:53:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 10:53:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 10:53:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096555006en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54370-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96555006zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文探討顏色詞「黑/烏」與「白」在台灣華語、台灣客語以及台灣閩南語中語意延伸之比較。黑與白是自然界中最原始的顏色，而在Berlin and Kay (1969) 的顏色發展歷程中處於第一階段。本文觀察顏色詞黑與白背後的認知機制，並藉此將語料分成原始意義、轉喻延伸、隱喻延伸和特殊例子這些類別來詳述。本研究發現有些隱喻延伸普遍地存在三個語言當中，有些則是某個語言特有的，而這些語言特定的顏色詞通常蘊含文化根源、發展成構式或從外語借用而來。
本文還運用Kövecses (2005) 隱喻中的文化因素來審視顏色詞黑與白。研究發現就跨語言層面而言，台灣華語發展出最多的隱喻延伸，台灣閩南語次之，而台灣客語最少。這顯示了台灣華語顏色詞的蓬勃發展跟該語言的文化、經濟或科技等活躍發展密切相關。此外，本文發現顏色詞黑大多為負面意義，而顏色詞白則多為非負面意義。顏色詞黑與白也發展出許多語意延伸的對立，例如神秘與明確、惡與善、違法與合法。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis explores the similarities and differences regarding color terms of black and white among TM, TH and TSM. Black and white are the two most fundamental colors in the natural world as designated at stage one in Berlin and Kay’s (1969) evolutionary sequence. We classify data into cognitive categories of prototypical meaning, metonymic extensions, metaphorical extensions and idiosyncratic examples, observe their corresponding lexicalization types (Packard 2000) and use Kövecses’ (2005) cultural factors in metaphor to examine them.
The three languages all contain abundant data of prototypical meanings which refer to the physiologically visual color, black and white, the representative colors of human conceptual universals about night and day (Wierzbicka 1996, Goddard 1998).
Via different ICM mechanisms (Kövecses and Radden 1998), the three languages develop diverse metonymic extensions. Besides, through the general metaphor ABSTRACT QUALITY IS PHYSICAL QUALITY (Goatly 2011), numerous attributes are conceptualized through the visual color black or white in metaphorical extensions. Some metaphorical extensions are universal across the three languages; some are language-specific because of cultural roots, fixed constructions or language borrowing. Idiosyncratic examples include arbitrary items and proverbial expressions.
We also use Kövecses’ (2005) cultural factors in metaphor to observe the cross-cultural and within-culture dimensions. For the cross-cultural dimension, in terms of the source domain of color black or white among the three languages, TM develops the most prolific metaphorical extensions of color terms, TH has the least versatile generations, and the development of TSM color terms is in between. The complexity of TM color terms is closely related to the vivacity of cultural, economic or technological developments in that language.
From the most primitive opposite of darkness and brightness, color terms of black and white also distinctively contrast with each other. The negative meanings of color terms black are proportionally dominant whereas the meanings of color terms white are mostly non-negative. Furthermore, color terms black and white reveal some evident oppositions in the metaphorical extensions such as mystery and clarity, viciousness and innocence and illegality and legality.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgments........................................iv
Table of Contents......................................v
Figures and Tables.....................................vii
Chinese Abstract.......................................viii
English Abstract.......................................ix


CHAPTER
I.INTRODUCTION..........................................1
1.1 Motivation and Purpose..............................1
1.2 Conventions of Data.................................4
1.3 Organization of Thesis..............................8
II. PREVIOUS STUDIES ON COLOR TERMS.....................9
2.1 Studies of Color Universals.........................10
2.2 Research of Color Terms in Taiwanese Mandarin.......16
2.3 Research of Color Terms in Taiwanese Hakka
and Taiwanese Southern Min..........................21
2.4 Remarks.............................................23
III.THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK...............................29
3.1 Metaphor and Metonymy...............................29
3.2 Cultural Factors in Metaphor........................37
3.3 Lexicalization......................................46
IV. ANALYSIS............................................51
4.1 Analysis of the Color Terms Black
in TM, TH and TSM...................................52
4.2 Analysis of the Color Terms White
in TM, TH and TSM...................................86
4.3 Cultural Factors in Color Terms....................116
V. CONCLUDING REMARKS.................................125
5.1 Summary of the Thesis..............................125
5.2 Directions for Future Studies......................130
APPENDIX I Color Terms Black in TM, TH and TSM........132
APPENDIX II Color Terms White in TM, TH and TSM.......141
APPENDIX III Statistics of Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 6
and Figure 7.............................152
REFERENCES.............................................154		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096555006en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 顏色詞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 隱喻zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 轉喩zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Semantic extensionzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Color termsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Metaphoren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Metonymyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語意延伸en_US
dc.title (題名) 顏色詞「黑/烏」與「白」在台灣華語、台灣客語以及台灣閩南語語意延伸之比較zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Semantic extensions of the color terms, black and white, in Taiwanese Mandarin, Taiwanese Hakka and Taiwanese Southern Minen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abramov, I. 1997. Physiological mechanisms of color vision. Color Categories in Thought and Language, eds. by C. L. Hardin, and L. Maffi, 89-117. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Berlin, B. and P. Kay. 1969. Basic Color Terms. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Biggam, C. P., C. A. Hough, C. J. Kay and D. R. Simmons (Eds.). 2011. New Directions in Colour Studies. UK: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Boers, F. 2003. Applied linguistics perspectives on cross-cultural variation in conceptual metaphor. Metaphor and Symbol 18.4: 231-238.

Chen, C.-N. 1994. A comparative study of color-word metaphors in English and Mandarin Chinese. M.A. Thesis. Fu Jen University.

Chen, Z.-X. 1997. Taiwan Suyan Yudian—Juanyi: Rensheng Zheli [Taiwanese Southern Min Proverbs—Volume 1:Philosophy of Life]. Taipei: Qianwei Publisher.

Chen, Z.-X. 1997. Taiwan Suyan Yudian—Juaner: Qiqing Liuyu [Taiwanse Southern Min Proverbs—Volume 2: Emotions]. Taipei: Qianwei Publisher.

Chen, Z.-X. 1999. Taiwan Suyan Yudian—Juansi: Shenghuo Gongzuo [Taiwanese Southern Min Proverbs—Volume 4: Life and Work]. Taipei: Qianwei Publisher.

Chen, Z.-X. 2000. Taiwan Suyan Yudian—Juanwu: Hunyin Jiating [Taiwanese Southern Min Proverbs—Volume 5: Marriage and Family]. Taipei: Qianwei Publisher.

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