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題名 歐盟多語政策之研究：以保護區域與少數語言為例
Multilingualism in the European Union：A study on the Protection of Regional and Minority Languages
作者 黃綉雯
Huang, Hsiu Wen
貢獻者 張台麟
黃綉雯
Huang, Hsiu Wen
關鍵詞 歐洲聯盟
多語政策
區域與少數語言
《歐洲區域或少數語言憲章》
European Union
Multilingualism
Regional and minority languages
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
日期 2010
上傳時間 3-Sep-2013 10:57:32 (UTC+8)
摘要 語言是人類重要的溝通工具，其目的是用來傳達思想、交流觀念和意見等，故語言除可傳承各民族特有的文化、教育和藝術資產外，完善的多語政策，更有利於各民族互相尊重以減少紛爭。歐盟於1973年至2007年歷經了6次擴大，自2007年加入羅馬尼亞和保加利亞後，會員國從6國增加至27國，語言的多樣性不僅包含23種官方語言，亦包括60多種區域與少數語言；本研究除探討歐盟東擴後所產生60多種區域與少數語言對歐盟的重要性外，並以此為例，研究歐盟多語政策下，如何有效保護境內區域與少數語言，以達最終整合目標。
Language is an important tool for human communication, which aims to covey concepts, exchange ideas and opinions. In addition to passing down unique cultures, education and art assets, language can educate people to show mutual respect so as to reduce conflicts differences. From 1973 to 2007, the European Union experienced six expansions. Ever since Romania and Bulgaria joined EU in 2007, Member States have increased from six countries to twenty-seven countries. Linguistic diversity includes not only twenty-three official languages, but also sixty kinds of regional and minority languages. This study is to pinpoint the important influences these sixty regional and minority languages have brought to EU since the expansion. Take EU multilingualism policy as an example to better understand the ways to protect regional and minority languages in order to reach the goal of final integration.
參考文獻 中文資料
一、專書
丁元亨，2002。《語言政策研究─歐洲整合與歐盟語言政策》。台北：客委會。
施正鋒 主編，2002。《各國語言政策－多元文化與族群平等》。台北：前衛。
施正鋒 主編，2002。《語言權利法典》。台北：前衛。
洪泉湖 主編，1996。《兩岸少數民族問題》。台北：文史哲出版社。
洪德欽 主編，2009。《歐盟人權政策》。台北：中央研究院歐美研究所。
張台麟 主編，2007。《全球化下的歐洲語言與文化政策：台灣的觀點》。台北：政大歐研中心。
張台麟 主編，2008。《歐盟統合與里斯本條約》。台北：政大外語學院。
張台麟 主編，2009。《歐盟在全球化下的角色：機會與挑戰》。台北：政大外語學院。
張台麟 主編，2010。《里斯本條約下的歐盟統合願景：持續與轉變》。台北：政大歐語學程。
黃偉峰 主編，2007。《歐洲聯盟的組織與運作》。台北：五南。
熊坤新 主編，2006。《21世紀世界民族問題點預警性研究》。北京：民族出版社。
蔡芬芳，2002。《比利時語言政策》。台北：前衛出版。
鄭錦全，2007。《語言政策的多元文化思考》。台北：中央硏究院語言硏究所。
黎瑞剛，2003。《吉普賽的智慧》。台北：新潮社文化事業有限公司。
沐濤 季惠群，2001。《失落的文明‧猶太王國》。香港：三聯書店有限公司。
二、譯著
Günther Pallaver等者，杜子信 蔡芬芳譯，2003。《族群衝突管理：以南堤洛爾、巴斯克以及北愛爾蘭為例》。台北：前衛出版社。
三、期刊
范俊軍，2006。〈少數民族語言危機與語言人權問題〉，《貴州民族研究》，第26卷第107期，頁51-55。
茹瑩，2006。〈從宗教寬容到人權保護─國際法中關於少數群體保護規定的演變〉，《世界經濟與政治》，第3期，頁26-31。
梁崇民，2004。〈歐盟對於少數人權之保障─少數民族、少數語言個案分析〉，《歐美研究》，第34卷第1期，頁51-93。

西文資料
一、專書
Bayley, Robert and Sandra R. Schecter, 2003. Language socialization in bilingual 　　　　　and multilingual societies. N.Y.: Multilingual Matters.
Elana Goldberg Shohamy, 2006. Language policy: hidden agendas and new approaches. London; New York: Routledge.
François Grin, 2003. Language policy evaluation and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gabrielle Hogan-Brun & Stefan Wolff, 2003. Minority languages in Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Konstanze Glaser, 2007. Minority languages and cultural diversity in Europe. NY: Multilingual Matters.
Lenore A. Grenoble, 2003. Language policy in the Soviet Union. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Willem Fase, Koen Jaspaert & Sjaak Kroon, 1992. Maintenance and loss of minority languages. Philadelphia, Pa: John Benjamins.
二、期刊
Allen Thomas, Chris, 2008. “Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice: Language Policy in Multilingual Organisations,” Language Awareness, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 307-325.
Ammon, Ulrich, 2006. “Language Conflicts in the European Union,” International Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 319-338.
Bister-Broosen, Helga & R. Willemyns, 1998. “French-German Bilingual Education in Alsace,” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Vo. 1, No. 1, pp. 3-15.
Coluzzi, Paolo, 2008. “Language planning for Italian regional languages (“dialects”),” Language Problems & Language Planning, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 215-236.
Coluzzi, Paolo, 2009. “The Italian linguistic landscape: the cases of Milan and Udine,” International Journal of Multilingualism, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 298-312.
D. Faingold, Eduardo, 2007. “Language rights in the 2004 draft of the European Union Constitution,” Language Problems & Language Planning, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 25-36.
Gorter, Durk, 2008. “Developing a Policy for Teaching a Minority Language: the Case of Frisian,” Current Issues In Language Planning, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 501-520.
J. Blackwood, Robert, 2007. “L’Exception franc, aise? Post-war Language Policy on Corsica,” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 18-33.
Mamadouh, Virginie, 2002. “Dealing with Multilingualism in the European Union: Cultural Theory Rationalities and Language Policies,” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, Research and Practice 4, pp. 327-345.
Maurais, Jacques, 1997. “Regional majority languages, language planning, and linguistic rights,” Walter de Gruyter, Int’l. J. Soc. Lang. 127, pp. 135-160.
Nestor, Niamh and Tina Hickey, 2009. “Out of the Communist frying pan and into the EU fire？Exploring the case of Kashubian,” Language, Culture and Curriculum, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 95-119.
Simo, K., 2005. “The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, French Language Laws, and National Identity,” Language Policy, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 167-186.
Van Els, Theo, 2005. “Multilingualism in the European Union,” International Journal of Applied LinguMisutilctsil, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 263-281.
Wawra, Daniela, 2006. “United in Diversity: British and German Minority Language Policies in the Context of a European Language Policy,” Language and Intercultural Communication, Vol. 6, No. 3&4, pp. 219-233.
Wright, Sue, 2006. “Regional or Minority Languages on the www,” Journal of Language and Politics, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 189-216.
三、官方文件
Commission of the European Communities, 2003, “Promoting Language Learning and Linguistic Diversity: An Action Plan 2004-2006”, COM (2003) 449 final.
Commission of the European Communities, 2005, “A New Framework Strategy for Multilingualism”, COM (2005) 596 final.
Commission of the European Communities, 2007, “High Level Group on Multilingualism Final Report”.
Commission of the European Communities, 2008, “Multilingualism: an asset for Europe and a shared commitment”, COM (2008) 566 final.
Council of Europe, 1950, “Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms”, European Treaty Series – No. 5.
Council of Europe, 1992, “European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages”, European Treaty Series – No. 148.
Council of Europe, 1995, “Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and Explanatory Report”, H (1995)010.
Council of Europe, 1998, “International Conference on The European Charter For Regional or Minority Languages”, Regional or Minority Languages, No. 1.
Council of Europe, 1999, “Implementation of The European Charter For Regional or Minority Languages”, Regional or Minority Languages, No. 2.
Council of Europe, 2002, “From Theory to Practice-The European Charter For Regional or Minority Languages”, Regional or Minority Languages, No. 3.
European Commission, 2001, “European and languages, Executive summary”, Eurobarometer 54.1b.
European Commission, 2002, “Support for Minority Languages in Europe Final Report”, No 2000-1288 / 001-001 EDU-MLCEV.
European Commission, 2004, “Ex-Post Evaluation of Activities in the Field of Regional and Minority Languages 1998-2002 Final Report”, Rue Belliard 100 B-1049.
European Commission, 2005, “Europeans and Languages”, Eurobarometer 63.4, Special Eurobarometer 237.
European Commission, 2006, “Europeans and their Languages Summary”, Eurobarometer 64.3, Special Eurobarometer 243.
European Commission, 2009, “The Mercator Network of Language Diversity Centres, Annual Report 2009－Language Education”.
European Parliament, 2001, “European Parliament resolution on minority languages”, B5 0815/2001.
European Parliament, 2003, “Regional and lesser-used languages - enlargement and cultural diversity”, P5_TA 0372.
European Parliament, 2003, “with recommendations to the Commission on European regional and lesserused languages – the languages of minorities in the EU – in the context of enlargement and cultural diversity Report”, 2057(INI).
Official Journal of European Union, 2006, “Commission Decision of 20 September 2006 setting up the High Level Group on Multilingualism” (2006/644/EC), L263.
Official Journal of the European Communities, 2000, “Charter Of Fundamental Rights of the European Union”, 2000/C 364/01.
Official Journal of the European Communities, 2001, “Treaty of Nice”.
Official Journal of the European Union, “Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning” (2006/962/EC), L394.
Official Journal of the European Union, 2007, “Directive 2007/65/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union”.
Official Journal of the European Union, 2007, “Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community”, C306 Volume 50.
Official Journal of the European Union, 2010, “Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union”, C 83 Volume 53.
Official Journal, 1997, “Treaty of Amsterdam”, C340.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, 1996, “The Hague Recommendations regarding the Education Rights of National Minorities & Explanatory Note”.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, 1998, “The Oslo Recommendations regarding the Linguistic Rights of National Minorities & Explanatory Note”.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, 1999, “The Lund Recommendations on the Effective Participation of National Minorities in Public Life & Explanatory Note”.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, 2006, “Human Dimension Implementation Meeting: Working Session – National Minorities”.
OSCE, 1990, “Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the CSCE”.
Standing Conference of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe, 1998, “Resolution 192 on regional or minority languages in Europe”, Twenty – Third Session.

網路資源
http://www.unesco.org 聯合國教科文組織
http://europa.eu/ 歐盟官方網站
http://www.coe.int 歐洲理事會
http://ec.europa.eu/education/languages/index_en.htm 歐盟執委會多語主義官網
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm 歐盟法規網
http://www.osce.org/ 歐洲安全與合作組織
http://www.eblul.org 歐洲少數語言辦公室
http://www.mercator-central.org/ 墨卡托網絡　
http://www.eurominority.org 歐洲少數民族組織
http://www.fuen.org 歐洲民族聯盟組織
http://www.ecmi.de 歐洲少數群體問題中心
http://www.wikipedia.org/ 維基百科全書
http://www.edu.tw/ 台灣教育部
http://www.apc.gov.tw/main/index_life.jsp 行政院原住民委員會
http://www.hakka.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=1 行政院客家委員會
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
歐洲語文學程碩士在職專班(MPES)
96952015
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096952015
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張台麟zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃綉雯zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Hsiu Wenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃綉雯zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang, Hsiu Wenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Sep-2013 10:57:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Sep-2013 10:57:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Sep-2013 10:57:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096952015en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/59642-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 歐洲語文學程碩士在職專班(MPES)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96952015zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 語言是人類重要的溝通工具，其目的是用來傳達思想、交流觀念和意見等，故語言除可傳承各民族特有的文化、教育和藝術資產外，完善的多語政策，更有利於各民族互相尊重以減少紛爭。歐盟於1973年至2007年歷經了6次擴大，自2007年加入羅馬尼亞和保加利亞後，會員國從6國增加至27國，語言的多樣性不僅包含23種官方語言，亦包括60多種區域與少數語言；本研究除探討歐盟東擴後所產生60多種區域與少數語言對歐盟的重要性外，並以此為例，研究歐盟多語政策下，如何有效保護境內區域與少數語言，以達最終整合目標。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Language is an important tool for human communication, which aims to covey concepts, exchange ideas and opinions. In addition to passing down unique cultures, education and art assets, language can educate people to show mutual respect so as to reduce conflicts differences. From 1973 to 2007, the European Union experienced six expansions. Ever since Romania and Bulgaria joined EU in 2007, Member States have increased from six countries to twenty-seven countries. Linguistic diversity includes not only twenty-three official languages, but also sixty kinds of regional and minority languages. This study is to pinpoint the important influences these sixty regional and minority languages have brought to EU since the expansion. Take EU multilingualism policy as an example to better understand the ways to protect regional and minority languages in order to reach the goal of final integration.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章、緒論 1
第一節、研究動機與目的 1
第二節、研究方法與限制 2
第三節、研究範圍與架構 3
第四節、文獻探討 5
第貳章、歐盟多語政策及區域與少數語言之保障 9
第一節、歐盟多語政策制度與策略 9
第二節、歐盟對區域與少數語言之定義 18
第三節、區域與少數語言對歐盟的重要性 20
第參章、歐盟對區域與少數語言保護之發展沿革 25
第一節、尊重少數語言「權利」 25
第二節、國際規範語言權利與保護 31
第三節、歐盟保護區域與少數語言之法理基礎 38
第肆章、歐盟推動保護區域與少數語言之策略與實踐 44
第一節、歐盟基本權利機構 45
第二節、歐洲議會推動之相關策略與計畫 47
第三節、歐盟執委會保護區域與少數語言之實踐 50
第四節、《歐洲區域或少數語言憲章》及其影響 79
第伍章、結論 95
第一節、歐盟保護區域與少數語言之展望 95
第二節、對台灣影響與啟示 99
參考文獻 102		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 802704 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096952015en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐洲聯盟zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 多語政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 區域與少數語言zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 《歐洲區域或少數語言憲章》zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) European Unionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Multilingualismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Regional and minority languagesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) European Charter for Regional or Minority Languagesen_US
dc.title (題名) 歐盟多語政策之研究：以保護區域與少數語言為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Multilingualism in the European Union：A study on the Protection of Regional and Minority Languagesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文資料
一、專書
丁元亨，2002。《語言政策研究─歐洲整合與歐盟語言政策》。台北：客委會。
施正鋒 主編，2002。《各國語言政策－多元文化與族群平等》。台北：前衛。
施正鋒 主編，2002。《語言權利法典》。台北：前衛。
洪泉湖 主編，1996。《兩岸少數民族問題》。台北：文史哲出版社。
洪德欽 主編，2009。《歐盟人權政策》。台北：中央研究院歐美研究所。
張台麟 主編，2007。《全球化下的歐洲語言與文化政策：台灣的觀點》。台北：政大歐研中心。
張台麟 主編，2008。《歐盟統合與里斯本條約》。台北：政大外語學院。
張台麟 主編，2009。《歐盟在全球化下的角色：機會與挑戰》。台北：政大外語學院。
張台麟 主編，2010。《里斯本條約下的歐盟統合願景：持續與轉變》。台北：政大歐語學程。
黃偉峰 主編，2007。《歐洲聯盟的組織與運作》。台北：五南。
熊坤新 主編，2006。《21世紀世界民族問題點預警性研究》。北京：民族出版社。
蔡芬芳，2002。《比利時語言政策》。台北：前衛出版。
鄭錦全，2007。《語言政策的多元文化思考》。台北：中央硏究院語言硏究所。
黎瑞剛，2003。《吉普賽的智慧》。台北：新潮社文化事業有限公司。
沐濤 季惠群，2001。《失落的文明‧猶太王國》。香港：三聯書店有限公司。
二、譯著
Günther Pallaver等者，杜子信 蔡芬芳譯，2003。《族群衝突管理：以南堤洛爾、巴斯克以及北愛爾蘭為例》。台北：前衛出版社。
三、期刊
范俊軍，2006。〈少數民族語言危機與語言人權問題〉，《貴州民族研究》，第26卷第107期，頁51-55。
茹瑩，2006。〈從宗教寬容到人權保護─國際法中關於少數群體保護規定的演變〉，《世界經濟與政治》，第3期，頁26-31。
梁崇民，2004。〈歐盟對於少數人權之保障─少數民族、少數語言個案分析〉，《歐美研究》，第34卷第1期，頁51-93。

西文資料
一、專書
Bayley, Robert and Sandra R. Schecter, 2003. Language socialization in bilingual 　　　　　and multilingual societies. N.Y.: Multilingual Matters.
Elana Goldberg Shohamy, 2006. Language policy: hidden agendas and new approaches. London; New York: Routledge.
François Grin, 2003. Language policy evaluation and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gabrielle Hogan-Brun & Stefan Wolff, 2003. Minority languages in Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Konstanze Glaser, 2007. Minority languages and cultural diversity in Europe. NY: Multilingual Matters.
Lenore A. Grenoble, 2003. Language policy in the Soviet Union. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Willem Fase, Koen Jaspaert & Sjaak Kroon, 1992. Maintenance and loss of minority languages. Philadelphia, Pa: John Benjamins.
二、期刊
Allen Thomas, Chris, 2008. “Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice: Language Policy in Multilingual Organisations,” Language Awareness, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 307-325.
Ammon, Ulrich, 2006. “Language Conflicts in the European Union,” International Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 319-338.
Bister-Broosen, Helga & R. Willemyns, 1998. “French-German Bilingual Education in Alsace,” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Vo. 1, No. 1, pp. 3-15.
Coluzzi, Paolo, 2008. “Language planning for Italian regional languages (“dialects”),” Language Problems & Language Planning, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 215-236.
Coluzzi, Paolo, 2009. “The Italian linguistic landscape: the cases of Milan and Udine,” International Journal of Multilingualism, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 298-312.
D. Faingold, Eduardo, 2007. “Language rights in the 2004 draft of the European Union Constitution,” Language Problems & Language Planning, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 25-36.
Gorter, Durk, 2008. “Developing a Policy for Teaching a Minority Language: the Case of Frisian,” Current Issues In Language Planning, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 501-520.
J. Blackwood, Robert, 2007. “L’Exception franc, aise? Post-war Language Policy on Corsica,” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 18-33.
Mamadouh, Virginie, 2002. “Dealing with Multilingualism in the European Union: Cultural Theory Rationalities and Language Policies,” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, Research and Practice 4, pp. 327-345.
Maurais, Jacques, 1997. “Regional majority languages, language planning, and linguistic rights,” Walter de Gruyter, Int’l. J. Soc. Lang. 127, pp. 135-160.
Nestor, Niamh and Tina Hickey, 2009. “Out of the Communist frying pan and into the EU fire？Exploring the case of Kashubian,” Language, Culture and Curriculum, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 95-119.
Simo, K., 2005. “The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, French Language Laws, and National Identity,” Language Policy, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 167-186.
Van Els, Theo, 2005. “Multilingualism in the European Union,” International Journal of Applied LinguMisutilctsil, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 263-281.
Wawra, Daniela, 2006. “United in Diversity: British and German Minority Language Policies in the Context of a European Language Policy,” Language and Intercultural Communication, Vol. 6, No. 3&4, pp. 219-233.
Wright, Sue, 2006. “Regional or Minority Languages on the www,” Journal of Language and Politics, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 189-216.
三、官方文件
Commission of the European Communities, 2003, “Promoting Language Learning and Linguistic Diversity: An Action Plan 2004-2006”, COM (2003) 449 final.
Commission of the European Communities, 2005, “A New Framework Strategy for Multilingualism”, COM (2005) 596 final.
Commission of the European Communities, 2007, “High Level Group on Multilingualism Final Report”.
Commission of the European Communities, 2008, “Multilingualism: an asset for Europe and a shared commitment”, COM (2008) 566 final.
Council of Europe, 1950, “Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms”, European Treaty Series – No. 5.
Council of Europe, 1992, “European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages”, European Treaty Series – No. 148.
Council of Europe, 1995, “Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and Explanatory Report”, H (1995)010.
Council of Europe, 1998, “International Conference on The European Charter For Regional or Minority Languages”, Regional or Minority Languages, No. 1.
Council of Europe, 1999, “Implementation of The European Charter For Regional or Minority Languages”, Regional or Minority Languages, No. 2.
Council of Europe, 2002, “From Theory to Practice-The European Charter For Regional or Minority Languages”, Regional or Minority Languages, No. 3.
European Commission, 2001, “European and languages, Executive summary”, Eurobarometer 54.1b.
European Commission, 2002, “Support for Minority Languages in Europe Final Report”, No 2000-1288 / 001-001 EDU-MLCEV.
European Commission, 2004, “Ex-Post Evaluation of Activities in the Field of Regional and Minority Languages 1998-2002 Final Report”, Rue Belliard 100 B-1049.
European Commission, 2005, “Europeans and Languages”, Eurobarometer 63.4, Special Eurobarometer 237.
European Commission, 2006, “Europeans and their Languages Summary”, Eurobarometer 64.3, Special Eurobarometer 243.
European Commission, 2009, “The Mercator Network of Language Diversity Centres, Annual Report 2009－Language Education”.
European Parliament, 2001, “European Parliament resolution on minority languages”, B5 0815/2001.
European Parliament, 2003, “Regional and lesser-used languages - enlargement and cultural diversity”, P5_TA 0372.
European Parliament, 2003, “with recommendations to the Commission on European regional and lesserused languages – the languages of minorities in the EU – in the context of enlargement and cultural diversity Report”, 2057(INI).
Official Journal of European Union, 2006, “Commission Decision of 20 September 2006 setting up the High Level Group on Multilingualism” (2006/644/EC), L263.
Official Journal of the European Communities, 2000, “Charter Of Fundamental Rights of the European Union”, 2000/C 364/01.
Official Journal of the European Communities, 2001, “Treaty of Nice”.
Official Journal of the European Union, “Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning” (2006/962/EC), L394.
Official Journal of the European Union, 2007, “Directive 2007/65/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union”.
Official Journal of the European Union, 2007, “Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community”, C306 Volume 50.
Official Journal of the European Union, 2010, “Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union”, C 83 Volume 53.
Official Journal, 1997, “Treaty of Amsterdam”, C340.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, 1996, “The Hague Recommendations regarding the Education Rights of National Minorities & Explanatory Note”.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, 1998, “The Oslo Recommendations regarding the Linguistic Rights of National Minorities & Explanatory Note”.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, 1999, “The Lund Recommendations on the Effective Participation of National Minorities in Public Life & Explanatory Note”.
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, 2006, “Human Dimension Implementation Meeting: Working Session – National Minorities”.
OSCE, 1990, “Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the CSCE”.
Standing Conference of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe, 1998, “Resolution 192 on regional or minority languages in Europe”, Twenty – Third Session.

網路資源
http://www.unesco.org 聯合國教科文組織
http://europa.eu/ 歐盟官方網站
http://www.coe.int 歐洲理事會
http://ec.europa.eu/education/languages/index_en.htm 歐盟執委會多語主義官網
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm 歐盟法規網
http://www.osce.org/ 歐洲安全與合作組織
http://www.eblul.org 歐洲少數語言辦公室
http://www.mercator-central.org/ 墨卡托網絡　
http://www.eurominority.org 歐洲少數民族組織
http://www.fuen.org 歐洲民族聯盟組織
http://www.ecmi.de 歐洲少數群體問題中心
http://www.wikipedia.org/ 維基百科全書
http://www.edu.tw/ 台灣教育部
http://www.apc.gov.tw/main/index_life.jsp 行政院原住民委員會
http://www.hakka.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=1 行政院客家委員會		zh_TW