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題名 客家動物諺語的隱喻表現
Metaphor in Hakka Animal Proverbs
作者 徐韶君
Hsu, Shao Chun
貢獻者 賴惠玲
Lai, Huei Ling
徐韶君
Hsu, Shao Chun
關鍵詞 概念隱喻
客家諺語
動物諺語
語意屬性
客家文化
Conceptual metaphor
Hakka proverbs
animal proverbs
semantic features
Hakka cultural
日期 2014
上傳時間 2-Mar-2015 10:06:44 (UTC+8)
摘要 人類如何傳達訊息?如何感知世界?人類認知概念從語言形式上看到概念隱喻,看到的不只是語言現象,是概念之間的互動,諺語即為隱喻現象豐富的語言形式之一。人類面對隱喻表現時,透過隱喻機制運作,以及文化背景影響,產生概念隱喻,利於人們理解,因而有諺語的形成。
Lakoff & Turner (1989) 提及人類與動物在物種階層上是密切的。本論文將以動物為取材,透過觀察客家動物諺語之隱喻表現,探究其中動物來源域和人類目標域間的互動。然而客家諺語中的動物隱喻是如何展現與客家文化的關係,藉由多源一義、一源多義的隱喻展現,以隱喻概念為基礎之分析,同時了解文化約制。進一步,以概念隱喻機制概述客家動物諺語在人類認知中如何運作,給予人類如何理解隱喻表現更完整的解釋。

How do people communicate? In what way do we sense the world? Conceptual metaphor embedded in many language expressions are understood through conceptual correlations. Among the many language expressions, proverbs manifest a common kind of metaphor used in our daily life. Through uncovering the cognitive mechanisms operated in the metaphor of proverbs, we understand not only the language but also cultural thoughts.
This thesis investigates metaphor in Hakka animal proverbs. According to Lakoff &Turner (1989), humans and animals are highly related in species, both showing certain attributes and behaviors. Animal proverbs, often exhibiting animal attributes and behaviors, are used to carry certain social-pragmatic function of educating human beings. This study explores the conceptual metaphor of animal proverbs, generalizing the semantic features of animal source domains and the main themes of target domains. With the analysis of general patterns of the many‐sources‐to‐a‐target and a‐source‐to‐many-targets relationships of these proverbs, the study has not only shown how people understand animal metaphor in mind but also demonstrated Hakka cultural specifics in animal metaphor.
參考文獻 中文部分
江淑娟,2010,《客語形象詞的文化探討》,桃園:中央大學客家研究所碩士論文。
李盛發(編),1998,《客家話諺語、歇後語選集》,屏東:安可出版有限公司。
安可思,2009,〈概念隱喻〉,蘇以文、畢永娥編《 語言與認知》,頁229-262。台北: 台大出版中心。
束定芳,2002,〈論隱喻運作機制〉,《外語教學與研究》第2期,頁98-106。
何石松,2003,《客諺一百首》,台北:五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
林孟美,2006,《中文動植物譬喻衍生詞初探》,新竹市:國立清華大學語言所碩
士論文。
林亞樺,2011,《客語味覺和食物隱喻與客家人對諺語的理解》,台南市:成功大學外國語文學系學位論文。
周世箴(譯注),2006,《我們賴以生存的譬喻》。台北:聯經出版社。
范文芳,1999,〈生趣無限个客家諺語〉,收錄於楊兆禎撰《臺灣諺語拾穗—客家話》序言,新竹:新竹縣立文化中心,頁12-14。
連金發,2009, 〈固定語式探索〉, 蘇以文、畢永娥編《 語言與認知》,頁229-262。 台北: 台大出版中心。
涂春景編,1992,《聽算無窮漢──有韻的客語俚諺1500則》,台北:涂春景。
涂春景編,1993,《形象化客化俗語1200句》,台北:五南圖書出版股份有
   限公司。
黃永達(編),2005,《臺灣客家諺語語典:祖先的智慧》,台北:全威創意媒體。
曾永義,2003,《俗文學概論》,臺北:三民書局。
彭曉貞,2011,《臺灣客語分類詞諺語隱喻與轉喻之應用》,台北市:國立政治大學語言所碩士論文。
張榮興、黃惠華,2006,〈從心裡空間理論看「最短篇」小說中之隱喻〉,《華語文教學201研究》3:1,頁117-133。
張榮興,2012,〈從心理空間理論解讀古代 [多重來源單一目標投射] 篇章中的隱喻〉,《華語文教學研究》第9卷第1期,頁1-22。
張榮興、黃惠華。2005。〈心理空間理論與 [梁祝十八相送] 之隱喻研究〉,《語言暨語言學》第6期,頁681-705。
楊兆禎,1999,《客家諺語拾穗》,新竹:新竹縣立文化中心。
鄧榮坤,1996,《客家話順口溜》,台北:武凌出版有限公司。
鄧榮坤,1999,《生趣客家語》,台北:武凌出版有限公司。
劉敏貞,2011,《台灣客家女性諺語中的文化意涵研究》,台北市:國立臺北教育大學台灣文化研究所學位論文。
廖添德(編),2001,《客家師傅話》,台北:南天書局有限公司。
謝瑞珍,2013,《客語動物固定語式的譬喻形象色彩與文化意涵》,新竹市:國立新竹教育大學臺灣語言與語文教育研究所碩士論文。
羅肇錦(編),2000,《苗栗縣客語諺語、謎語集(一) 》,苗栗:苗栗縣文化局。
羅肇錦(編),2001,《苗栗縣客語諺語、謎語集(二) 》,苗栗:苗栗縣文化局。

英文部分
Ahrens, K. and L. T. Say. Alicia 1999. Mapping Image-Schemas and Translating Metaphors. Proceedings of 13th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation. Academia Sinica. 95-102.
Aliakbari, M. and E. Faraji. 2013. Conceptualization of Man`s Behavioral and Physical Characteristics as Animal Metaphors in the Spoken Discourse of Khezel People. Linguistik online 59: 4.
Barcelona, A. 2000. Metaphor and metonymy at the crossroads: a cognitive perspective. Walter de Gruyter.
Brown,P. and S.C. Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press.
Chen, Shu-Fen, and Li-Chi Chen. 2011. What Animals Reveal about Grammar and Culture: A Study of Animal Metaphors in Mandarin Chinese and English. Journal of National Taiwan Normal University: Linguistics & Literature 56.2: 121 – 152.
Croft, W., and D. A. Cruse. 2004. Cognitive linguistics. Cambridge University Press.
Fauconnier, G., and M.Turner. 2002. The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind`s Hidden Complexities. New York: Basic Books.
Fontecha, A. F., and R. M.Jiménez Catalán. 2003. Semantic derogation in animal metaphor: a contrastive-cognitive analysis of two male/female examples in English and Spanish. Journal of pragmatics 35.5: 771-797.
Gibbs, R. W. 1995. ldiomaticity and Human Cognition. Idioms: Structural and psychological perspectives. 97-116.
Gibbs, R. J., H. L. Colston, and M. D.Johnson. 1996. Proverbs and the Metaphorical Mind. Metaphor And Symbol 11.3: 207-216.
Grady, J. T. Oakley and S. Coulson.1999. Blending and metaphor. In R. Gibbs and G. Steen (eds.), Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 101-124.
Herrero Ruiz, J. 2006. The role of metaphor, metonymy, and conceptual blending in understanding advertisements: the case of drug-prevention ads.Revista alicantina de estudios ingleses 19:169-190.
Kovecses, Z. 2002. Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford University Press.
Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson. 1980. Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago press.
Lakoff, G. and M. Turner. 1989. More than Cool Reason. A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. University of Chicago Press. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, George. 1993. The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor, Metaphor and Thought, ed. by Andrew Ortony. 202-251. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Leech, G. N. 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. New York: Longman.
Rouhi, M., and M. R. Mahand. 2011. Animal Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics. Psychology Research 1.4: 251-254.
Ruiz de Mendoza, F.J. 2000. The role of mappings and domains in understanding
metonymy. Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads, ed. by Barcelona, A. New York: Mouton de Gruyter: 109-132.
Saeed, John I. 2003. Semantics, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Su, Lily I-wen. 2002. What Can Metaphor Tell Us About Culture? Language and Linguistics 3.3: 589-614, Taipei: Academia Sinica.
Ungerer, F., and H. J. Schmid. 2006. An introduction to cognitive linguistics. London: Longman.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
101555009
103
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1015550091
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 賴惠玲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lai, Huei Lingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 徐韶君zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsu, Shao Chunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 徐韶君zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsu, Shao Chunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2014en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Mar-2015 10:06:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Mar-2015 10:06:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Mar-2015 10:06:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1015550091en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/73530-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101555009zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 103zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 人類如何傳達訊息?如何感知世界?人類認知概念從語言形式上看到概念隱喻,看到的不只是語言現象,是概念之間的互動,諺語即為隱喻現象豐富的語言形式之一。人類面對隱喻表現時,透過隱喻機制運作,以及文化背景影響,產生概念隱喻,利於人們理解,因而有諺語的形成。
Lakoff & Turner (1989) 提及人類與動物在物種階層上是密切的。本論文將以動物為取材,透過觀察客家動物諺語之隱喻表現,探究其中動物來源域和人類目標域間的互動。然而客家諺語中的動物隱喻是如何展現與客家文化的關係,藉由多源一義、一源多義的隱喻展現,以隱喻概念為基礎之分析,同時了解文化約制。進一步,以概念隱喻機制概述客家動物諺語在人類認知中如何運作,給予人類如何理解隱喻表現更完整的解釋。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) How do people communicate? In what way do we sense the world? Conceptual metaphor embedded in many language expressions are understood through conceptual correlations. Among the many language expressions, proverbs manifest a common kind of metaphor used in our daily life. Through uncovering the cognitive mechanisms operated in the metaphor of proverbs, we understand not only the language but also cultural thoughts.
This thesis investigates metaphor in Hakka animal proverbs. According to Lakoff &Turner (1989), humans and animals are highly related in species, both showing certain attributes and behaviors. Animal proverbs, often exhibiting animal attributes and behaviors, are used to carry certain social-pragmatic function of educating human beings. This study explores the conceptual metaphor of animal proverbs, generalizing the semantic features of animal source domains and the main themes of target domains. With the analysis of general patterns of the many‐sources‐to‐a‐target and a‐source‐to‐many-targets relationships of these proverbs, the study has not only shown how people understand animal metaphor in mind but also demonstrated Hakka cultural specifics in animal metaphor.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 誌謝 V
目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究範圍及語料來源 5
1. 3 章節介紹 6
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2. 1 西方諺語研究 7
2. 2 漢語諺語研究 11
2. 3小結 15
第三章 理論架構 17
3. 1 大鏈隱喻 17
3. 2 隱喻基本組成 19
3. 3 概念映射模型 22
3. 4 概念融合理論 24
3. 5 轉喻 28
3. 6 小結 31
第四章 分析與討論 33
4. 1 語料編碼 33
4. 2 語料分布 36
4. 3 細緻分類及討論 39
4. 4 來源域與目標域之整合討論 71
4. 5 從動物到人類之隱喻展現 77
第五章 結論 86
附錄 89
一、客家俗諺語 89
參考書目 99
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1673217 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1015550091en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 概念隱喻zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 客家諺語zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動物諺語zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語意屬性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 客家文化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Conceptual metaphoren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hakka proverbsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) animal proverbsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) semantic featuresen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hakka culturalen_US
dc.title (題名) 客家動物諺語的隱喻表現zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Metaphor in Hakka Animal Proverbsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分
江淑娟,2010,《客語形象詞的文化探討》,桃園:中央大學客家研究所碩士論文。
李盛發(編),1998,《客家話諺語、歇後語選集》,屏東:安可出版有限公司。
安可思,2009,〈概念隱喻〉,蘇以文、畢永娥編《 語言與認知》,頁229-262。台北: 台大出版中心。
束定芳,2002,〈論隱喻運作機制〉,《外語教學與研究》第2期,頁98-106。
何石松,2003,《客諺一百首》,台北:五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
林孟美,2006,《中文動植物譬喻衍生詞初探》,新竹市:國立清華大學語言所碩
士論文。
林亞樺,2011,《客語味覺和食物隱喻與客家人對諺語的理解》,台南市:成功大學外國語文學系學位論文。
周世箴(譯注),2006,《我們賴以生存的譬喻》。台北:聯經出版社。
范文芳,1999,〈生趣無限个客家諺語〉,收錄於楊兆禎撰《臺灣諺語拾穗—客家話》序言,新竹:新竹縣立文化中心,頁12-14。
連金發,2009, 〈固定語式探索〉, 蘇以文、畢永娥編《 語言與認知》,頁229-262。 台北: 台大出版中心。
涂春景編,1992,《聽算無窮漢──有韻的客語俚諺1500則》,台北:涂春景。
涂春景編,1993,《形象化客化俗語1200句》,台北:五南圖書出版股份有
   限公司。
黃永達(編),2005,《臺灣客家諺語語典:祖先的智慧》,台北:全威創意媒體。
曾永義,2003,《俗文學概論》,臺北:三民書局。
彭曉貞,2011,《臺灣客語分類詞諺語隱喻與轉喻之應用》,台北市:國立政治大學語言所碩士論文。
張榮興、黃惠華,2006,〈從心裡空間理論看「最短篇」小說中之隱喻〉,《華語文教學201研究》3:1,頁117-133。
張榮興,2012,〈從心理空間理論解讀古代 [多重來源單一目標投射] 篇章中的隱喻〉,《華語文教學研究》第9卷第1期,頁1-22。
張榮興、黃惠華。2005。〈心理空間理論與 [梁祝十八相送] 之隱喻研究〉,《語言暨語言學》第6期,頁681-705。
楊兆禎,1999,《客家諺語拾穗》,新竹:新竹縣立文化中心。
鄧榮坤,1996,《客家話順口溜》,台北:武凌出版有限公司。
鄧榮坤,1999,《生趣客家語》,台北:武凌出版有限公司。
劉敏貞,2011,《台灣客家女性諺語中的文化意涵研究》,台北市:國立臺北教育大學台灣文化研究所學位論文。
廖添德(編),2001,《客家師傅話》,台北:南天書局有限公司。
謝瑞珍,2013,《客語動物固定語式的譬喻形象色彩與文化意涵》,新竹市:國立新竹教育大學臺灣語言與語文教育研究所碩士論文。
羅肇錦(編),2000,《苗栗縣客語諺語、謎語集(一) 》,苗栗:苗栗縣文化局。
羅肇錦(編),2001,《苗栗縣客語諺語、謎語集(二) 》,苗栗:苗栗縣文化局。

英文部分
Ahrens, K. and L. T. Say. Alicia 1999. Mapping Image-Schemas and Translating Metaphors. Proceedings of 13th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation. Academia Sinica. 95-102.
Aliakbari, M. and E. Faraji. 2013. Conceptualization of Man`s Behavioral and Physical Characteristics as Animal Metaphors in the Spoken Discourse of Khezel People. Linguistik online 59: 4.
Barcelona, A. 2000. Metaphor and metonymy at the crossroads: a cognitive perspective. Walter de Gruyter.
Brown,P. and S.C. Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press.
Chen, Shu-Fen, and Li-Chi Chen. 2011. What Animals Reveal about Grammar and Culture: A Study of Animal Metaphors in Mandarin Chinese and English. Journal of National Taiwan Normal University: Linguistics & Literature 56.2: 121 – 152.
Croft, W., and D. A. Cruse. 2004. Cognitive linguistics. Cambridge University Press.
Fauconnier, G., and M.Turner. 2002. The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind`s Hidden Complexities. New York: Basic Books.
Fontecha, A. F., and R. M.Jiménez Catalán. 2003. Semantic derogation in animal metaphor: a contrastive-cognitive analysis of two male/female examples in English and Spanish. Journal of pragmatics 35.5: 771-797.
Gibbs, R. W. 1995. ldiomaticity and Human Cognition. Idioms: Structural and psychological perspectives. 97-116.
Gibbs, R. J., H. L. Colston, and M. D.Johnson. 1996. Proverbs and the Metaphorical Mind. Metaphor And Symbol 11.3: 207-216.
Grady, J. T. Oakley and S. Coulson.1999. Blending and metaphor. In R. Gibbs and G. Steen (eds.), Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 101-124.
Herrero Ruiz, J. 2006. The role of metaphor, metonymy, and conceptual blending in understanding advertisements: the case of drug-prevention ads.Revista alicantina de estudios ingleses 19:169-190.
Kovecses, Z. 2002. Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford University Press.
Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson. 1980. Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago press.
Lakoff, G. and M. Turner. 1989. More than Cool Reason. A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. University of Chicago Press. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, George. 1993. The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor, Metaphor and Thought, ed. by Andrew Ortony. 202-251. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Leech, G. N. 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. New York: Longman.
Rouhi, M., and M. R. Mahand. 2011. Animal Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics. Psychology Research 1.4: 251-254.
Ruiz de Mendoza, F.J. 2000. The role of mappings and domains in understanding
metonymy. Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads, ed. by Barcelona, A. New York: Mouton de Gruyter: 109-132.
Saeed, John I. 2003. Semantics, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Su, Lily I-wen. 2002. What Can Metaphor Tell Us About Culture? Language and Linguistics 3.3: 589-614, Taipei: Academia Sinica.
Ungerer, F., and H. J. Schmid. 2006. An introduction to cognitive linguistics. London: Longman.
zh_TW