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題名 近義詞「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的共現與語意韻律研究
Near-Synonyms of Transaction Words in Mandarin Chinese: An Investigation of their Collocation and Semantic Prosody
作者 陳怡婷
Chen, I Ting
貢獻者 賴惠玲
Lai, Huei Ling
陳怡婷
Chen, I Ting
關鍵詞 近義詞
共現現象
語意韻律
near-synonyms
collocation
semantic prosody
日期 2015
上傳時間 3-Aug-2015 13:11:28 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文旨在探討現代漢語近義詞「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的異同，透過它們的搭配現象以及語意韻律的表現來進行討論。本文的語料來自「中央研究院漢語平衡語料庫」，根據搭配詞本身與「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的句法及語意關係來做為搭配詞的判斷，接著對於搭配詞的句法行為、語意功能以及框架要素再去做近一步的探討。
「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的前後搭配詞在句法上經常做名詞使用，在語意功能及框架要素方面，「買賣」及「交易」經常呈現交換者(exchanger)以及交換品(theme)兩個要素，「貿易」主要凸顯的是交換者(exchanger)。在語料裡，大部分的框架要素都呈現在前置搭配詞，主要有交換者(exchanger)、交換品(theme)、處所(location)、時間(time)、方式(manner)、頻率(frequency)；後置搭配詞有交換者(exchanger)、交換品(theme)、處所(location)、時間(time)、方式(manner)、頻率(frequency)、組織(organization)、條例(regulation)。在語意韻律方面，「買賣」及「交易」傾向和負面語意的前置搭配詞出現，而「貿易」則是有較多負面的後置搭配詞。透過共現行為及語意韻律的分析，本文系統性地呈現了「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的相似與相異處。
This thesis explores three near-synonymous transaction words in Mandarin Chinese, maimai, jiaoyi, and maoyi. These three words are defined in a circular manner in the dictionary, and their meanings are not distinguishable. The present study aims to detect the similarities and differences among them via the examination of their collocational behaviors and semantic prosody. The data are extracted from Sinica Corpus, and the left-sided and right-sided collocates based on their syntactic and semantic relation to the node words are identified. Then, the collocated words are discussed in terms of their syntactic behaviors, semantic functions, and frame elements.
The collocates of maimai, jiaoyi, and maoyi frequently function as nouns on both sides. The semantic functions and frame elements of both maimai and jiaoyi frequently express exchanger and theme in their instances, while for maoyi, exchanger and manner make up the majority of its frame elements. Most frame elements are profiled in the collocates. On the left side, there are exchanger, theme, location, time, manner and frequency. On the right side, there are exchanger, theme, location, time, manner, frequency, organization, and regulation. As for semantic prosody, most collocates are neutral. The left-sided collocates of maimai and jiaoyi tend to be negative words. Regarding the right-sided collocates, maoyi has more negative collocates than maimai and jiaoyi. With the collocational behaviors and semantic prosody analyzed, the study presents the similarities and differences of the three synonymous words in a systematic way.
參考文獻 Bednarek, M. (2008). Semantic preference and semantic prosody re-examined.Corpus linguistics and linguistic theory, 4(2), 119-139.
Chief, L. C., Huang, C. R., Chen, K. J., Tsai, M. C., & Chang, L. L. (2000). What can near synonyms tell us. International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing, 5(1), 47-60.
Chung, Siaw-Fong (2011). A Corpus-based Analysis of "Create" and "Produce". Chang Gung Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(2), 399-425.
Fillmore, C. J. (1977). Topics in lexical semantics. In R. Cole, (Eds.), Current issues in linguistic theory (pp. 76-138). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Fillmore, C. J. (1982). Frame semantics. In Linguistics Society of Korea (Eds.), Linguistics in the morning calm (pp. 111-137). Seoul: Hanshin Publishing Company.
Fillmore, C. J., & Atkins, B. T. (1992). Toward a frame-based lexicon: The semantics of RISK and its neighbors. In Lehrer, A. & Kittay, E.F (Eds.) Frames, fields, and contrasts: New essays in semantic and lexical organization (pp.75-102). Hillsdale: Lawerence Erlbaum Associates.
Firth, J. R. (1957). Modes of meaning. In Firth, J. R. (Eds.) Papers in Linguistics 1934-1951 (pp. 190-215). London: Oxford University Press.
Hoey, M. (1991). Patterns of lexis in text. London: Oxford University Press.
Hoey, M. (2005). Lexical priming: A new theory of words and language. Psychology Press.
Hsu, You-Fen & Chung, Siaw-Fong. 2012. A Corpus-Based Study of Mandarin Soaking Verbs PÀO and JÌN. International Journal of Computer Processing of Languages (IJCPOL), 24(1), 17-36, (CSA).
Huang, C. R., Ahrens, K., Chang, L. L., Chen, K. J., Liu, M. C., & Tsai, M. C. (2000). The module-attribute representation of verbal semantics: From semantics to argument structure. Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing, 5(1), 19-46.
Leech, G. (1974). Semantics. Harmondsworth : Penguin.
Lin, Po-Chung (2009). Patterns of Profiling of the (In)convenience Frame in Mandarin Chinese (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Liu, Mei-chun (2002). Corpus-based Lexical Semantic Study of Verbs of Doubt: HUAIYI and CAI in Mandarin. Concentrics, 28(2), 43-56.
Liu, Mei-chun, Chiang, Ting-yi & Chou, Ming-Hui (2006). A Frame-based Approach to Polysemous Near-synonymy: The Case with Mandarin Verbs of Expression. Journal of Chinese Language and Computing, 15(3), 137-148.
Liu, Yue-hua, Pan, Wen-yu, Gu wei (2001). Shiyong xiandai hanyu yufa (zengding ben) [Modern Chinese Gammar]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Louw, B. (1993). Irony in the text or insincerity in the writer? The diagnostic potential of semantic prosodies. In Baker, M., Francis, G. & Tognini-Bonelli, E. (Eds.) Text and technology: In honour of John Sinclair (pp. 157-176). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Lyons, J. (1981). Language, Meaning, and Context. London: Fontana.
Packard, J. L. (2000). The morphology of Chinese: A linguistic and cognitive approach. Cambridge University Press.
Partington, A. (1998). Patterns and meanings:using corpora for English language research and teaching [Vol. 2]. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Partington, A. (2004). " Utterly content in each other`s company": Semantic prosody and semantic preference. International journal of corpus linguistics, 9(1), 131-156.
Petruck, M. R. (1996). Frame semantics. In Verschueren, J., Ostman, J., Blommaert, J. & Bulcaen, C. (Eds.) Handbook of pragmatics (pp.1-13). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Sardinha, T. (2000). Semantic prosodies in English and Portuguese: A contrastive study. Cuadernos de Filología Inglesa, 9(1), 93-110.
Sinclair, J. M. (1991). Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford University Press.

Sinclair, J. M. (Ed.). (1987). Looking up: An account of the COBUILD project in lexical computing and the development of the Collins COBUILD English language dictionary. Collins Elt.
Stubbs, M. (1995). Collocations and semantic profiles: on the cause of the trouble with quantitative studies. Functions of language, 2(1), 23-55.
Stubbs, M. (2001). Words and Phrases. Oxford: Blackwell.
Tsai, Mei-chi, Huang, Chu-ren & Chen, Keh-jiann (1996). You jinyici bianyi biaozhun kan yuyi, jufa zhi hudong [From near-synonyms to the interaction between syntax and semantics]. paper presented at IsCLL-5, Taipei, Taiwan.
Xiao, R., & McEnery, T. (2006). Collocation, semantic prosody, and near synonymy: A cross-linguistic perspective. Applied linguistics, 27(1), 103-129.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
100555009
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100555009
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 賴惠玲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lai, Huei Lingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳怡婷zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, I Tingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳怡婷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, I Tingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2015 13:11:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Aug-2015 13:11:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2015 13:11:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0100555009en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/77115-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100555009zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文旨在探討現代漢語近義詞「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的異同，透過它們的搭配現象以及語意韻律的表現來進行討論。本文的語料來自「中央研究院漢語平衡語料庫」，根據搭配詞本身與「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的句法及語意關係來做為搭配詞的判斷，接著對於搭配詞的句法行為、語意功能以及框架要素再去做近一步的探討。
「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的前後搭配詞在句法上經常做名詞使用，在語意功能及框架要素方面，「買賣」及「交易」經常呈現交換者(exchanger)以及交換品(theme)兩個要素，「貿易」主要凸顯的是交換者(exchanger)。在語料裡，大部分的框架要素都呈現在前置搭配詞，主要有交換者(exchanger)、交換品(theme)、處所(location)、時間(time)、方式(manner)、頻率(frequency)；後置搭配詞有交換者(exchanger)、交換品(theme)、處所(location)、時間(time)、方式(manner)、頻率(frequency)、組織(organization)、條例(regulation)。在語意韻律方面，「買賣」及「交易」傾向和負面語意的前置搭配詞出現，而「貿易」則是有較多負面的後置搭配詞。透過共現行為及語意韻律的分析，本文系統性地呈現了「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的相似與相異處。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis explores three near-synonymous transaction words in Mandarin Chinese, maimai, jiaoyi, and maoyi. These three words are defined in a circular manner in the dictionary, and their meanings are not distinguishable. The present study aims to detect the similarities and differences among them via the examination of their collocational behaviors and semantic prosody. The data are extracted from Sinica Corpus, and the left-sided and right-sided collocates based on their syntactic and semantic relation to the node words are identified. Then, the collocated words are discussed in terms of their syntactic behaviors, semantic functions, and frame elements.
The collocates of maimai, jiaoyi, and maoyi frequently function as nouns on both sides. The semantic functions and frame elements of both maimai and jiaoyi frequently express exchanger and theme in their instances, while for maoyi, exchanger and manner make up the majority of its frame elements. Most frame elements are profiled in the collocates. On the left side, there are exchanger, theme, location, time, manner and frequency. On the right side, there are exchanger, theme, location, time, manner, frequency, organization, and regulation. As for semantic prosody, most collocates are neutral. The left-sided collocates of maimai and jiaoyi tend to be negative words. Regarding the right-sided collocates, maoyi has more negative collocates than maimai and jiaoyi. With the collocational behaviors and semantic prosody analyzed, the study presents the similarities and differences of the three synonymous words in a systematic way.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
Figures and Tables vii
Chinese Abstract ix
English Abstract x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation and Purpose 1
1.2 Data 5
1.3 Organization of the Thesis 5
CHAPTER II PREVIOUS STUDIES ON NEAR SYNONYMS 6
2.1 Feature-based Studies 6
2.2 MARVS-based Studies 10
2.3 Frame-based Studies 14
2.4 Collocation and Semantic Prosody-based Studies 20
2.5 Remarks 25
CHAPTER III DATA AND METHODOLOGY 27
3.1 Theoretical Concepts 27
3.1.1 Frame Semantics 27
3.1.2 Collocation 31
3.1.3 Semantic Prosody 33
3.2 Data Materials 38
3.3 Data Coding 39
CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 44
4.1 Data Distribution 44
4.2 Collocation of maimai, jiaoyi, maoyi 48
4.2.1 Syntactic Behaviors of Collocates 48
4.2.2 Semantic Functions and Frame Elements of Collocates 57
4.3 Semantic Prosody of maimai, jiaoyi, maoyi 74
4.4 Remarks 80
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 83
5.1 Summary 83
5.2 Limitations and Future Study 85
REFERENCES 87
APPENDICES 90
Appendix 1 Collocation of maimai as a Noun 90
Appendix 2 Collocation of maimai as a Verb 91
Appendix 3 Collocation of jiaoyi as a Noun 91
Appendix 4 Collocation of jiaoyi as a Verb 93
Appendix 5 Collocation of maoyi as a Noun 94		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1681025 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100555009en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 近義詞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 共現現象zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語意韻律zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) near-synonymsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) collocationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) semantic prosodyen_US
dc.title (題名) 近義詞「買賣」、「交易」、「貿易」的共現與語意韻律研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Near-Synonyms of Transaction Words in Mandarin Chinese: An Investigation of their Collocation and Semantic Prosodyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bednarek, M. (2008). Semantic preference and semantic prosody re-examined.Corpus linguistics and linguistic theory, 4(2), 119-139.
Chief, L. C., Huang, C. R., Chen, K. J., Tsai, M. C., & Chang, L. L. (2000). What can near synonyms tell us. International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing, 5(1), 47-60.
Chung, Siaw-Fong (2011). A Corpus-based Analysis of "Create" and "Produce". Chang Gung Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(2), 399-425.
Fillmore, C. J. (1977). Topics in lexical semantics. In R. Cole, (Eds.), Current issues in linguistic theory (pp. 76-138). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Fillmore, C. J. (1982). Frame semantics. In Linguistics Society of Korea (Eds.), Linguistics in the morning calm (pp. 111-137). Seoul: Hanshin Publishing Company.
Fillmore, C. J., & Atkins, B. T. (1992). Toward a frame-based lexicon: The semantics of RISK and its neighbors. In Lehrer, A. & Kittay, E.F (Eds.) Frames, fields, and contrasts: New essays in semantic and lexical organization (pp.75-102). Hillsdale: Lawerence Erlbaum Associates.
Firth, J. R. (1957). Modes of meaning. In Firth, J. R. (Eds.) Papers in Linguistics 1934-1951 (pp. 190-215). London: Oxford University Press.
Hoey, M. (1991). Patterns of lexis in text. London: Oxford University Press.
Hoey, M. (2005). Lexical priming: A new theory of words and language. Psychology Press.
Hsu, You-Fen & Chung, Siaw-Fong. 2012. A Corpus-Based Study of Mandarin Soaking Verbs PÀO and JÌN. International Journal of Computer Processing of Languages (IJCPOL), 24(1), 17-36, (CSA).
Huang, C. R., Ahrens, K., Chang, L. L., Chen, K. J., Liu, M. C., & Tsai, M. C. (2000). The module-attribute representation of verbal semantics: From semantics to argument structure. Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing, 5(1), 19-46.
Leech, G. (1974). Semantics. Harmondsworth : Penguin.
Lin, Po-Chung (2009). Patterns of Profiling of the (In)convenience Frame in Mandarin Chinese (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Liu, Mei-chun (2002). Corpus-based Lexical Semantic Study of Verbs of Doubt: HUAIYI and CAI in Mandarin. Concentrics, 28(2), 43-56.
Liu, Mei-chun, Chiang, Ting-yi & Chou, Ming-Hui (2006). A Frame-based Approach to Polysemous Near-synonymy: The Case with Mandarin Verbs of Expression. Journal of Chinese Language and Computing, 15(3), 137-148.
Liu, Yue-hua, Pan, Wen-yu, Gu wei (2001). Shiyong xiandai hanyu yufa (zengding ben) [Modern Chinese Gammar]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Louw, B. (1993). Irony in the text or insincerity in the writer? The diagnostic potential of semantic prosodies. In Baker, M., Francis, G. & Tognini-Bonelli, E. (Eds.) Text and technology: In honour of John Sinclair (pp. 157-176). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Lyons, J. (1981). Language, Meaning, and Context. London: Fontana.
Packard, J. L. (2000). The morphology of Chinese: A linguistic and cognitive approach. Cambridge University Press.
Partington, A. (1998). Patterns and meanings:using corpora for English language research and teaching [Vol. 2]. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Partington, A. (2004). " Utterly content in each other`s company": Semantic prosody and semantic preference. International journal of corpus linguistics, 9(1), 131-156.
Petruck, M. R. (1996). Frame semantics. In Verschueren, J., Ostman, J., Blommaert, J. & Bulcaen, C. (Eds.) Handbook of pragmatics (pp.1-13). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Sardinha, T. (2000). Semantic prosodies in English and Portuguese: A contrastive study. Cuadernos de Filología Inglesa, 9(1), 93-110.
Sinclair, J. M. (1991). Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford University Press.

Sinclair, J. M. (Ed.). (1987). Looking up: An account of the COBUILD project in lexical computing and the development of the Collins COBUILD English language dictionary. Collins Elt.
Stubbs, M. (1995). Collocations and semantic profiles: on the cause of the trouble with quantitative studies. Functions of language, 2(1), 23-55.
Stubbs, M. (2001). Words and Phrases. Oxford: Blackwell.
Tsai, Mei-chi, Huang, Chu-ren & Chen, Keh-jiann (1996). You jinyici bianyi biaozhun kan yuyi, jufa zhi hudong [From near-synonyms to the interaction between syntax and semantics]. paper presented at IsCLL-5, Taipei, Taiwan.
Xiao, R., & McEnery, T. (2006). Collocation, semantic prosody, and near synonymy: A cross-linguistic perspective. Applied linguistics, 27(1), 103-129.		zh_TW