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題名 時貌標記「著」在漢語動詞時貌分類體系中的句法語意表現
A Syntax-semantic Analysis of Aspect Marker ZHE in Aspectual Classification of Mandarin Chinese Verbs作者 厲亞敏 貢獻者 賴惠玲
厲亞敏關鍵詞 「著」
漢語
時貌
句法
語意日期 2016 上傳時間 1-四月-2016 10:38:22 (UTC+8) 摘要 漢語中的「著」是一個使用廣泛的時貌標記詞，對它的語意識解依託于整個漢語動詞時貌分類體系，該體系隨著Peck、Lin & Sun（2013）的研究所做的調整日趨精確與完善，與此相關的各種語言事實也應該得到新的描述與解釋。因此，本文藉助語料庫豐富的真實語料，通過量化分析與質化分析，並在參考各種已有理論與學說的基礎上，對語料的時貌、「著」的分佈進行概括和描述，發掘導致語言事實的原因，還原影響的過程，預測普遍的規律。本文認為漢語中決定時貌的基礎與根本是動詞的時貌類型，對於時貌標記「著」而言，未完成性與持續性是它能夠與狀態、活動、短促、開放量度動詞搭配的原因，同時，由於語言內部的互動與關聯，句子的每個成分與句子的整體句式都以不同程度和方式影響時貌，本文也做了詳細的分析和討論。
Zhe plays a significant role in aspectual classification of Mandarin Chinese Verbs as an aspect marker. After Peck, Lin & Sun (2013) introduced Scale as an aspectual attribute into the classification; it brings us new perspectives and knowledge. Moreover, new interpretations of aspect and performance of Zhe are needed. We base our study on corpus. Corpus with its abundant data provides us a more efficient and scientific way to do research. We describe performance of aspect and its marker Zhe on the basis of our observation and previous theories. We also explore the reasons and rules behind language facts.Our research shows that Zhe usually co-occur with four verb’s categories: state, activity, semelfactive and open-scale verbs, due to its imperfectivity and durativity. For influence from sentence elements, the thesis also provides analysis and conclusion.參考文獻 陳平（1988）。論現代漢語時間系統的三元結構。中國語文，第6期，頁401-422.戴耀晶（1997）。現代漢語時體系統研究。杭州：浙江教育出版社。范芳蓮（1963）。存在句。中國語文，第5期，頁386-395.黃昌寧、李涓子（2002）。語料庫語言學。北京：商務印書館。劉寧生（1985）。動詞的語義範疇：「動作」與「狀態」。漢語學習，第1期，頁16-19.劉月華、潘文娛、故韡（2001）。實用現代漢語語法（增訂本）。北京：商務印書館。聶文龍（1989）。存在和存在句的分類。中國語文，第2期，頁95-104.潘海華（1997）。詞彙映射理論在漢語詞彙語法中的應用。現代外語，第4期，頁1-16.稅昌錫（2011）。事件過程與存現構式中「了」和「著」。語言科學，第3期，頁231-245.宋玉柱（1995）。語法論稿。北京：北京語言學院出版社。楊惠中（2002）。語料庫語言學導論。上海：上海出版社。姚蘭（2010）。語料庫之發展沿革與漢語語料庫之興起。華文世界，第106期，頁4-19.朱德熙（1982）。語法講義。北京：商務印書館。Beavers, John. 2008. Scalar complexity and the structure of events. Event Structures in Linguistics Form and Interpretation, ed. by Johannes D lling, Tatjana HeydeZybatow & Martin Sch fer, 245-265. Berlin & New York: Water de Gruyter. Chan, Marjorie K. M. 1980. Temporal reference in Mandarin Chinese: an analytical-semantic approach to the study of the morphemes LE, ZAI, ZHE and NE. Journals of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 15 (3):33-79.Chao, Yuen Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.Comrie, Bernard. 1976. Aspect. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.Comrie, Bernard. 1985. Tense. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Dowty, David R. 1979. Word Meaning and Montague Grammar: The Semantics of Verbs and Times in Generative Semantics and in Montague’s PTQ. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.Hay, Jennifer, Christopher Kennedy, and Beth Levin. 1999. Scalar structure underlies telicity in “degree achievement”. Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistics Theory (SALT) IX, ed. by Tanya Matthews & Devon Strolovitch, 127-144. Ithaca: CLC Publications, Cornell University. Henne, Henry, Ole Bjorn Rongen & Lars. Jul Hansen. 1977. A Handbook on Chinese Language Structure. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.Her, One-Soon. 1990. Grammatical Functions and Verb Subcategorization in Mandarin Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawaii dissertation.Hwang, Hui-hua & Tai, James H.-Y. 2014. Temporal Sequence Structure and the Aspect Marker -Zhe in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 42 (1): 39-54.Kearns, Kate. 2000. Semantics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Kennedy, Christopher, and Louise McNally. 2005. Scale structure and the semantic typology of gradable predicate. Language 81.2: 345-381.Kennedy, Christopher. 2012. The composition of incremental change. Telicity, Change, and State: A Cross-categorial View of Event Struture, ed. by Violeta Demonte & Louise McNally, 103-121. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Langacker, Ronald. 1987. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, Volume I. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Li, Charles N. and Thompson, Sandra A. 1981. Mandarin Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.Li, Dejin and Cheng Meizhen. 1988. A Practical Chinese Grammar for Foreigners. Beijing: Sinalingua.Ma, Jing-heng. 1985. A study of the mandarin suffix ZHE. JCLTA 20.3: 23-50.Peck, Jeeyoung, Lin, Jingxia, & Sun, Chaofen. 2013. Aspectual Classification of Mandarin Chinese Verbs: A Perspective of Scale Structure. Language and Linguistics 14.4:663-700.Olsen, Mari Broman. 1994. The semantics and pragmatics of lexical aspect features. Studies in the Linguistics Science 24. 1-2: 361-375.Radden, Günter, and René Dirven. 2007. Cognitive English grammar. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.Smith, Carlota S. 1991. The Parameter of Aspect. Dordrecht: Kluwer.Smith, Carlota S. 1997. The Parameter of Aspect (2nd edition). Dordrecht: Kluwer.Tai, James H. –Y. 1984. Verbs and times in Chinese : Vendler’s four categories. Papers from the Parasession on Lexical Semantics, ed. by David Testen, Veena Mishra & Joseph Drogo, 289-296. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.Talmy, Leonard. 1996. Fictive Motion in Language and “Ception”. In Language and Space, ed. by Paul Bloom, Mary Peterson, Lynn Nadel & Merrill Garrett,211-276. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.Teng, Shou-hsin. 1979. Progressive aspect in Chinese. Computational Analysis of Asian and African Languages. 11:1-12.Tiee, Henry Hung-Yeh. 1986. A Reference Grammar of Chinese Sentences. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.Rappaport Hovav, Malka. 2008. Lexicalized meaning and the internal temporal structure of events. Theoretical and Crosslinguistic Approaches to the Semantics of Aspect, ed. by Susan Rothstein, 13-42. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Rappaport Hovav, Malka, and Beth Levin. 2010. Reflections on manner/result complementarity. Lexical Semantics, Syntax, and Event Structure, ed. by Malka Rappaport Hovav, Edit Doron & Ivy Sichel, 21-38. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.Vendler, Zeno. 1967. Verbs and times. Linguistics in Philosophy, 97-121. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Verkuyl, Henk J. 1989. Aspectual classes and aspectual composition. Linguistics and Philosophy 12. 1:39-94.Xiao, Richard, & Tony McEnery. 2004. Aspect in Mandarin Chinese: A Corpus-Based Study. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Yeh, Meng. 1993. The Stative Situation and the Imperfective Zhe in Mandarin. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association ⅩⅩⅧ.1: 69-98. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
102555013資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1025550131 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 賴惠玲 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) 厲亞敏 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 厲亞敏 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2016 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-四月-2016 10:38:22 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-四月-2016 10:38:22 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-四月-2016 10:38:22 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G1025550131 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/83523 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102555013 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 漢語中的「著」是一個使用廣泛的時貌標記詞，對它的語意識解依託于整個漢語動詞時貌分類體系，該體系隨著Peck、Lin & Sun（2013）的研究所做的調整日趨精確與完善，與此相關的各種語言事實也應該得到新的描述與解釋。因此，本文藉助語料庫豐富的真實語料，通過量化分析與質化分析，並在參考各種已有理論與學說的基礎上，對語料的時貌、「著」的分佈進行概括和描述，發掘導致語言事實的原因，還原影響的過程，預測普遍的規律。本文認為漢語中決定時貌的基礎與根本是動詞的時貌類型，對於時貌標記「著」而言，未完成性與持續性是它能夠與狀態、活動、短促、開放量度動詞搭配的原因，同時，由於語言內部的互動與關聯，句子的每個成分與句子的整體句式都以不同程度和方式影響時貌，本文也做了詳細的分析和討論。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Zhe plays a significant role in aspectual classification of Mandarin Chinese Verbs as an aspect marker. After Peck, Lin & Sun (2013) introduced Scale as an aspectual attribute into the classification; it brings us new perspectives and knowledge. Moreover, new interpretations of aspect and performance of Zhe are needed. We base our study on corpus. Corpus with its abundant data provides us a more efficient and scientific way to do research. We describe performance of aspect and its marker Zhe on the basis of our observation and previous theories. We also explore the reasons and rules behind language facts.Our research shows that Zhe usually co-occur with four verb’s categories: state, activity, semelfactive and open-scale verbs, due to its imperfectivity and durativity. For influence from sentence elements, the thesis also provides analysis and conclusion. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 11.1研究動機與目的 11.2研究問題與語料來源 91.3論文架構 9第二章 文獻回顧 112.1時貌分類體系研究 112.1.1 Vendler體系122.1.1.1 Vendler（1967）122.1.1.2 Comrie (1976) 142.1.1.3 Tai (1984) 152.1.1.4陳平（1988）162.1.1.5 Smith（1997）172.1.1.6 Xiao & McEnery (2004) 182.1.2「量度」概念的提出和發展 202.1.2.1 Hay、Kennedy & Levin (1999) 212.1.2.2 Rappaport Hovav & Levin (2010) 222.1.2.3 Peck、Lin & Sun (2013) 222.1.3小結 242.2時貌標記「著」的研究 252.2.1 Smith (1991,1997) 262.2.2 Yeh (1993) 272.2.3 Xiao & McEnery (2004) 292.2.4 Hwang & Tai (2014) 302.2.5小結 31第三章 研究方法 333.1以語料庫為本的研究方法 333.1.1語料庫研究方法 333.1.2研究流程設計 343.2語料來源 343.3語料收集、抽樣和編碼 353.4分析方法 373.4.1量化分析 373.4.2質化分析 373.5小結 37 第四章 分析和討論 384.1目標動詞 384.1.1概述 384.1.2狀態動詞、活動動詞 404.1.3短促動詞 434.1.4開放量度動詞 454.1.5小結 454.2句子成分 464.2.1主語和謂語 464.2.1.1語料中的主謂分析 464.2.1.2小結 544.2.2謂語 554.2.2.1目標動詞和其他動詞 554.2.2.2小結 654.2.3狀語 664.2.3.1狀語概述 664.2.3.2語料中的狀語分析 674.2.3.3小結 704.2.4賓語 714.2.4.1賓語概述 714.2.4.2語料中的賓語分析744.2.4.3小結 764.2.5補語 764.2.5.1補語概述 764.2.5.2語料中的補語分析 814.2.5.3小結 834.2.6定語 844.3其他因素 854.3.1其他時貌標記 854.3.2特殊句式 864.3.3小結 884.4研究結果總概 88第五章 結論和建議 905.1 研究結果 905.1.1目標動詞 905.1.2其他動詞 925.1.3句子成分 935.1.4處所倒裝句 945.2研究貢獻和限制 955.2.1研究貢獻 955.2.2研究限制 955.3未來研究方向 965.4結語 97參考文獻 98 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2347297 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1025550131 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 「著」 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 漢語 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 時貌 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 句法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語意 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 時貌標記「著」在漢語動詞時貌分類體系中的句法語意表現 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Syntax-semantic Analysis of Aspect Marker ZHE in Aspectual Classification of Mandarin Chinese Verbs en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳平（1988）。論現代漢語時間系統的三元結構。中國語文，第6期，頁401-422.戴耀晶（1997）。現代漢語時體系統研究。杭州：浙江教育出版社。范芳蓮（1963）。存在句。中國語文，第5期，頁386-395.黃昌寧、李涓子（2002）。語料庫語言學。北京：商務印書館。劉寧生（1985）。動詞的語義範疇：「動作」與「狀態」。漢語學習，第1期，頁16-19.劉月華、潘文娛、故韡（2001）。實用現代漢語語法（增訂本）。北京：商務印書館。聶文龍（1989）。存在和存在句的分類。中國語文，第2期，頁95-104.潘海華（1997）。詞彙映射理論在漢語詞彙語法中的應用。現代外語，第4期，頁1-16.稅昌錫（2011）。事件過程與存現構式中「了」和「著」。語言科學，第3期，頁231-245.宋玉柱（1995）。語法論稿。北京：北京語言學院出版社。楊惠中（2002）。語料庫語言學導論。上海：上海出版社。姚蘭（2010）。語料庫之發展沿革與漢語語料庫之興起。華文世界，第106期，頁4-19.朱德熙（1982）。語法講義。北京：商務印書館。Beavers, John. 2008. Scalar complexity and the structure of events. Event Structures in Linguistics Form and Interpretation, ed. by Johannes D lling, Tatjana HeydeZybatow & Martin Sch fer, 245-265. Berlin & New York: Water de Gruyter. Chan, Marjorie K. M. 1980. Temporal reference in Mandarin Chinese: an analytical-semantic approach to the study of the morphemes LE, ZAI, ZHE and NE. Journals of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 15 (3):33-79.Chao, Yuen Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.Comrie, Bernard. 1976. Aspect. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.Comrie, Bernard. 1985. Tense. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Dowty, David R. 1979. Word Meaning and Montague Grammar: The Semantics of Verbs and Times in Generative Semantics and in Montague’s PTQ. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.Hay, Jennifer, Christopher Kennedy, and Beth Levin. 1999. Scalar structure underlies telicity in “degree achievement”. Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistics Theory (SALT) IX, ed. by Tanya Matthews & Devon Strolovitch, 127-144. Ithaca: CLC Publications, Cornell University. Henne, Henry, Ole Bjorn Rongen & Lars. Jul Hansen. 1977. A Handbook on Chinese Language Structure. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.Her, One-Soon. 1990. Grammatical Functions and Verb Subcategorization in Mandarin Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawaii dissertation.Hwang, Hui-hua & Tai, James H.-Y. 2014. Temporal Sequence Structure and the Aspect Marker -Zhe in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 42 (1): 39-54.Kearns, Kate. 2000. Semantics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Kennedy, Christopher, and Louise McNally. 2005. Scale structure and the semantic typology of gradable predicate. Language 81.2: 345-381.Kennedy, Christopher. 2012. The composition of incremental change. Telicity, Change, and State: A Cross-categorial View of Event Struture, ed. by Violeta Demonte & Louise McNally, 103-121. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Langacker, Ronald. 1987. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, Volume I. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Li, Charles N. and Thompson, Sandra A. 1981. Mandarin Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.Li, Dejin and Cheng Meizhen. 1988. A Practical Chinese Grammar for Foreigners. Beijing: Sinalingua.Ma, Jing-heng. 1985. A study of the mandarin suffix ZHE. JCLTA 20.3: 23-50.Peck, Jeeyoung, Lin, Jingxia, & Sun, Chaofen. 2013. Aspectual Classification of Mandarin Chinese Verbs: A Perspective of Scale Structure. Language and Linguistics 14.4:663-700.Olsen, Mari Broman. 1994. The semantics and pragmatics of lexical aspect features. Studies in the Linguistics Science 24. 1-2: 361-375.Radden, Günter, and René Dirven. 2007. Cognitive English grammar. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.Smith, Carlota S. 1991. The Parameter of Aspect. Dordrecht: Kluwer.Smith, Carlota S. 1997. The Parameter of Aspect (2nd edition). Dordrecht: Kluwer.Tai, James H. –Y. 1984. Verbs and times in Chinese : Vendler’s four categories. Papers from the Parasession on Lexical Semantics, ed. by David Testen, Veena Mishra & Joseph Drogo, 289-296. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.Talmy, Leonard. 1996. Fictive Motion in Language and “Ception”. In Language and Space, ed. by Paul Bloom, Mary Peterson, Lynn Nadel & Merrill Garrett,211-276. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.Teng, Shou-hsin. 1979. Progressive aspect in Chinese. Computational Analysis of Asian and African Languages. 11:1-12.Tiee, Henry Hung-Yeh. 1986. A Reference Grammar of Chinese Sentences. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.Rappaport Hovav, Malka. 2008. Lexicalized meaning and the internal temporal structure of events. Theoretical and Crosslinguistic Approaches to the Semantics of Aspect, ed. by Susan Rothstein, 13-42. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Rappaport Hovav, Malka, and Beth Levin. 2010. Reflections on manner/result complementarity. Lexical Semantics, Syntax, and Event Structure, ed. by Malka Rappaport Hovav, Edit Doron & Ivy Sichel, 21-38. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.Vendler, Zeno. 1967. Verbs and times. Linguistics in Philosophy, 97-121. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Verkuyl, Henk J. 1989. Aspectual classes and aspectual composition. Linguistics and Philosophy 12. 1:39-94.Xiao, Richard, & Tony McEnery. 2004. Aspect in Mandarin Chinese: A Corpus-Based Study. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Yeh, Meng. 1993. The Stative Situation and the Imperfective Zhe in Mandarin. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association ⅩⅩⅧ.1: 69-98. zh_TW
