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題名 中文多義詞「出」字之語意探討
On Semantic Relatedness of the Mandarin Polysemous Word Chu作者 林素朱
Lin, Su-Chu貢獻者 賴惠玲
Lai, Huei-Ling
林素朱
Lin, Su-Chu關鍵詞 認知語意學
多義詞
cognitive semantics
polysemous word日期 2001 上傳時間 15-Apr-2016 15:58:02 (UTC+8) 摘要 認知語意學替不同語言多義詞的語意關係提供了精闢的解釋。中文裡「出」字使用頻率高（中研院平衡語料庫出現近三萬次），語意類型多樣（國語日報字典中列舉十多個意義），卻鮮少人研究。本研究以認知語意學的角度出發，利用圖像模組 (image schema) 建立中文多義詞「出」的語意框架 (semantic frame)，認為不同的觀點 (perspective) 可分析「出」字的不同語意，並以語意的譬喻延伸 (metaphorical extension) 將不同範疇的語意連結起來，解釋「出」字語意的多樣性。
This study aims to explore the meaning relatedness of the Mandarin polysemous word chu from a cognitive approach. Theories of cognitive semantics provide a plausible account for polysemous words since a cognitive approach in analyzing language benefits the discovery of conceptual frameworks underlying complex linguistic expressions. To add another piece of empirical evidence, this study aims to examine the Mandarin polysemous word chu, which is highly productive and which exhibits extreme complexity in terms of its senses. An image schema for chu is proposed as its semantic framework and different perspectives are considered to account for the multiple senses of chu. Furthermore, metaphorical extension is detectable in the meaning shifts of chu as well.參考文獻 Barsalou, Lawrence W. 1992. Frames, concept, and conceptual fields. In Frames, fields, and contrasts, ed. by Lehrer, Adrienne and Eva Feder Kittay, 21-74. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Bybee, Joan, Perkins, Revere, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar: tense, aspect and, modality in the languages of the world. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Chen, Shuting. 1999. Conceptual structure and lexicalization patterns of manual verbs in Taiwanese. M.A. Thesis, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Chiang, Chenchih. 1998. The semantics and syntax of Mandarin modal auxiliary "lai". M.A. Thesis, National Chungcheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan. Chou, Tsaijung. 1999. A study of polysemous word "shang" and "xia" in Chinese. M.A. Thesis, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Comrie, Bernard. 1976. Aspect. New York: Cambridge University Press. Fillmore, Charles J. and B. T. S. Atkins. 1992. Toward a frame-based lexicon: The semantics of RISK and its neighbors. In Frames, fields, and contrasts, ed. by Lehrer, Adrienne and Eva Feder Kittay, 75-102. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Fillmore, Charles J. and B. T. S. Atkins. 1994. Starting where the dictionaries stop: The challenge of corpus lexicography. In Computational approaches to the lexicon, ed. by Atkins, B.T.S. and A. Zampolli, 349-393. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fu, Xingling and Zhanghuan Cheng (eds.). 1982. Chanyong gouci zidian [常用構詞字典]. Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Chubanshe. Goddard, Cliff. 1998. Semantic analysis. New York: Oxford University Press. Goldberg, Adele E. 1995. Constructions: a construction grammar approach to argument structure. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. He, Rong (ed.). 1990. Guoyu ribao cidian [國語日報辭典]. Gouyuribaushubanshe. Heine, Bernd, Ulrike Claudi, and Friederike Hunnemeyer. 1991. Grammaticalization: a conceptual framework. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Huang, Hanchun. 1997. Lexical polysemy and sense extension in verbs of movement in Taiwanese Southern Min. M.A. Thesis, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Johnson, Mark. 1987. The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Langacker, Ronald W. 1987. Foundations of the cognitive grammar. Vol.1. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ---. 1991. Concept, image and symbol: the cognitive basis of grammar. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Lakoff, George and Mark Johnson. 1980. Metaphors we live by. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Lee, Chinkwei. 1995. Prototype approach to xin-compounds in Chinese. Journal of the College of Liberal Arts. Vol.25:45-64. Li, Charles N. and Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: a functional reference grammar. The Crane Publishing Co. Lien, Chinfa. 1994. Taiwan Mingnanyu de quxianci—fanyan leixing han lishi de yanjiu [台灣閩南語的趨向詞—方言類型和歷史的研究]. Preceedings of IsCCL IV:310-321. ---. 1998. Shi lun Taiyu fanyi ci ‘phah4’ [試論台語泛意詞 ‘拍’]. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Languages and Language Teaching in Taiwan, ed. by Chungsu Tung, 375-390. Hsinchu: National Hsinchu Normal University. ---. 1999. Taiwan Mingnanyu “thau” de gouci fanshi [台灣閩南語<頭>的構詞方式]. Proceedings of IsCCL V:289-309. ---. 2000a. A frame-based account of lexical polysemy in Taiwanese. Language and Linguistics1.1: 119-138. Institute of Linguistics (Preparatory Office), Academia Sinica. ---. 2000b. Interface between construction and lexical semantics: a case study of the polysemous word kek4 and its congeners ti3n, chng1 and ke3 in Taiwanese Southern Min. Proceedings of IsCLL VII: 1-13. Liu, Meichun. 1994. Semantic schema and metaphoric extension: a study of the Mandarin V-R compounds as a radial category. Proceedings of IsCCL IV:462-473. Liu, Yuehua. 1998. Quxiang buyu tongshi [趨向補語通釋]. Beijing: Yuyan wenhua daxue chubanse. Mathews, P. H. 1997. Concise dictionary of linguistic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Meng, Zong (eds.). 1987. Dongci yongfa cidian [動詞用法詞典]. Beijing: Shanhai Cidian Chubanshe. Palmer, F. R. 1976. Semantics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pustejovsky, James, and Branimir Boguraev(eds.) 1996. Lexical semantics: The problem of polysemy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Saeed, John I. 1997. Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Inc. Sweetser, Eve E. 1986. Polysemy vs. abstraction: Mutually exclusive or complementary?” BLS 12:528-550. Sweetser, Eve E. 1988. Grammaticalization and semantic bleaching. BLS 14: 389-405. Sweetser, Eve E. 1990. From etymology to pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Talmy, Leonard. 1985. Lexicalization pattern: semantic structure in lexical forms. In Timothy Shopen (ed.) Language typology and syntactic description. Vol 3:57-149. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Tang, Tingchi. 1988. Studies on Chinese morphology and syntax. Taipei: Student Book Co., Ltd. ---. 1992. Studies on Chinese morphology and syntax: 3. Taipei: Student Book Co., Ltd. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 1988. Pragmatic strengthening and grammaticalization. BLS. 14:406-416. ---. 1989. On the rise of epistemic meanings in English: an example of subjectificaion in semantic change. Lg. Volume 65 No.1: 31-55. Wang, Xian-yi (ed.) 1984. Hanyu changyong dongci dapei cidian [漢語常用動詞搭配辭典]. Beijing: Waiyu Jiaoxue Yu Yanjiu Chubanshe. Wun Shi Zhe Chu Ban She. 1983. Tongyuan zidian. [同源字典]. Wunshishe Chubanshe. Xia, Zhengnong (eds.) 1992. Cihai Volume I [辭海(上卷)]: 641-644. Taipei: Donghua Shuju. Ye, Ruijuan. 2000. Taiwan Huayu fanyici “kai” cutan [台灣華語泛意詞「開」初探]. Proceedings of the 2000 National Conference on Linguistic, July, 2000, National Taiwan University. Yong, Shin. 1997. The grammatical functions of verb complements in Mandarin Chinese. Linguistics 35:1-24. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
87555009資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2002001004 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 賴惠玲 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lai, Huei-Ling en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林素朱 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Su-Chu en_US dc.creator (作者) 林素朱 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lin, Su-Chu en_US dc.date (日期) 2001 en_US dc.date.accessioned 15-Apr-2016 15:58:02 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 15-Apr-2016 15:58:02 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 15-Apr-2016 15:58:02 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) A2002001004 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/84817 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 87555009 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 認知語意學替不同語言多義詞的語意關係提供了精闢的解釋。中文裡「出」字使用頻率高（中研院平衡語料庫出現近三萬次），語意類型多樣（國語日報字典中列舉十多個意義），卻鮮少人研究。本研究以認知語意學的角度出發，利用圖像模組 (image schema) 建立中文多義詞「出」的語意框架 (semantic frame)，認為不同的觀點 (perspective) 可分析「出」字的不同語意，並以語意的譬喻延伸 (metaphorical extension) 將不同範疇的語意連結起來，解釋「出」字語意的多樣性。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study aims to explore the meaning relatedness of the Mandarin polysemous word chu from a cognitive approach. Theories of cognitive semantics provide a plausible account for polysemous words since a cognitive approach in analyzing language benefits the discovery of conceptual frameworks underlying complex linguistic expressions. To add another piece of empirical evidence, this study aims to examine the Mandarin polysemous word chu, which is highly productive and which exhibits extreme complexity in terms of its senses. An image schema for chu is proposed as its semantic framework and different perspectives are considered to account for the multiple senses of chu. Furthermore, metaphorical extension is detectable in the meaning shifts of chu as well. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 封面頁 證明書 Acknowledgements(致謝詞) Table of Contents(目錄) Table of Diagrams(表目錄) Chinese Abstract English Abstract Chapter 1：Introduction 1.1 Prelude 1.2 Polysemy vs. Homonymy 1.3 Motivation and Goal 1.4 Organization of the Thesis Chapter 2：Previous Analyses 2.1 Fillmore and Atkins’Study 2.2 Sweetser’s Analysis 2.3 Lien’s Analyses 2.3.1 Lien’s Analysis about Phah (拍) 2.3.2 Lien’s Analysis about Thau (頭) 2.3.3 Lien’s Analysis about Koa (趕), Thau (透), Tau (鬥), Chio (照) 2.3.4 Lien’s Analysis about Kek (激) 2.4 Huang’s Analysis about Verbs of Movement 2.5 Chou’s Anslysis about Mandarin Shang and Xia 2.6 Concluding Remarks Chapter 3：Theoretical Frameworks 3.1 Frame Theory 3.2 Image Schema 3.3 Viewpoint and Perspective 3.4 Metaphor and Metonymy 3.4.1 Metaphor 3.4.2 Metonymy 3.5 Summary Chapter 4：The Analysis of Chu 4.1 Preliminary 4.1.1 Frame for Chu 4.1.2 Data Description 4.2 Discussion on Chu X 4.2.1 The Chu V Construction 4.2.2 The Chu N Construction 4.2.3 Multiple Perspectives 4.2.4 Restriction on Chu X Constructions 4.3 Discussion on X Chu 4.3.1 Focus on the Perspective of MOTION 4.3.2 Focus on the Perspective of RESULT 4.3.3 Multiple Perspectives 4.3.4 Restriction on X Chu Constructions 4.4 Metaphorical Extension of Chu Constructions 4.5 Summary Chapter 5：Conclusion 5.1 Comparison of Huang’s Analysis on Taiwanese Sothern Min Chut 5.2 Finale References zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2002001004 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 認知語意學 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 多義詞 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) cognitive semantics en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) polysemous word en_US dc.title (題名) 中文多義詞「出」字之語意探討 zh_TW dc.title (題名) On Semantic Relatedness of the Mandarin Polysemous Word Chu en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barsalou, Lawrence W. 1992. Frames, concept, and conceptual fields. In Frames, fields, and contrasts, ed. by Lehrer, Adrienne and Eva Feder Kittay, 21-74. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Bybee, Joan, Perkins, Revere, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar: tense, aspect and, modality in the languages of the world. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Chen, Shuting. 1999. Conceptual structure and lexicalization patterns of manual verbs in Taiwanese. M.A. Thesis, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Chiang, Chenchih. 1998. The semantics and syntax of Mandarin modal auxiliary "lai". M.A. Thesis, National Chungcheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan. Chou, Tsaijung. 1999. A study of polysemous word "shang" and "xia" in Chinese. M.A. Thesis, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Comrie, Bernard. 1976. Aspect. New York: Cambridge University Press. Fillmore, Charles J. and B. T. S. Atkins. 1992. Toward a frame-based lexicon: The semantics of RISK and its neighbors. In Frames, fields, and contrasts, ed. by Lehrer, Adrienne and Eva Feder Kittay, 75-102. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Fillmore, Charles J. and B. T. S. Atkins. 1994. Starting where the dictionaries stop: The challenge of corpus lexicography. In Computational approaches to the lexicon, ed. by Atkins, B.T.S. and A. Zampolli, 349-393. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fu, Xingling and Zhanghuan Cheng (eds.). 1982. Chanyong gouci zidian [常用構詞字典]. Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Chubanshe. Goddard, Cliff. 1998. Semantic analysis. New York: Oxford University Press. Goldberg, Adele E. 1995. Constructions: a construction grammar approach to argument structure. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. He, Rong (ed.). 1990. Guoyu ribao cidian [國語日報辭典]. Gouyuribaushubanshe. Heine, Bernd, Ulrike Claudi, and Friederike Hunnemeyer. 1991. Grammaticalization: a conceptual framework. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Huang, Hanchun. 1997. Lexical polysemy and sense extension in verbs of movement in Taiwanese Southern Min. M.A. Thesis, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Johnson, Mark. 1987. The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Langacker, Ronald W. 1987. Foundations of the cognitive grammar. Vol.1. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ---. 1991. Concept, image and symbol: the cognitive basis of grammar. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Lakoff, George and Mark Johnson. 1980. Metaphors we live by. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Lee, Chinkwei. 1995. Prototype approach to xin-compounds in Chinese. Journal of the College of Liberal Arts. Vol.25:45-64. Li, Charles N. and Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: a functional reference grammar. The Crane Publishing Co. Lien, Chinfa. 1994. Taiwan Mingnanyu de quxianci—fanyan leixing han lishi de yanjiu [台灣閩南語的趨向詞—方言類型和歷史的研究]. Preceedings of IsCCL IV:310-321. ---. 1998. Shi lun Taiyu fanyi ci ‘phah4’ [試論台語泛意詞 ‘拍’]. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Languages and Language Teaching in Taiwan, ed. by Chungsu Tung, 375-390. Hsinchu: National Hsinchu Normal University. ---. 1999. Taiwan Mingnanyu “thau” de gouci fanshi [台灣閩南語<頭>的構詞方式]. Proceedings of IsCCL V:289-309. ---. 2000a. A frame-based account of lexical polysemy in Taiwanese. Language and Linguistics1.1: 119-138. Institute of Linguistics (Preparatory Office), Academia Sinica. ---. 2000b. Interface between construction and lexical semantics: a case study of the polysemous word kek4 and its congeners ti3n, chng1 and ke3 in Taiwanese Southern Min. Proceedings of IsCLL VII: 1-13. Liu, Meichun. 1994. Semantic schema and metaphoric extension: a study of the Mandarin V-R compounds as a radial category. Proceedings of IsCCL IV:462-473. Liu, Yuehua. 1998. Quxiang buyu tongshi [趨向補語通釋]. Beijing: Yuyan wenhua daxue chubanse. Mathews, P. H. 1997. Concise dictionary of linguistic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Meng, Zong (eds.). 1987. Dongci yongfa cidian [動詞用法詞典]. Beijing: Shanhai Cidian Chubanshe. Palmer, F. R. 1976. Semantics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pustejovsky, James, and Branimir Boguraev(eds.) 1996. Lexical semantics: The problem of polysemy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Saeed, John I. 1997. Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Inc. Sweetser, Eve E. 1986. Polysemy vs. abstraction: Mutually exclusive or complementary?” BLS 12:528-550. Sweetser, Eve E. 1988. Grammaticalization and semantic bleaching. BLS 14: 389-405. Sweetser, Eve E. 1990. From etymology to pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Talmy, Leonard. 1985. Lexicalization pattern: semantic structure in lexical forms. In Timothy Shopen (ed.) Language typology and syntactic description. Vol 3:57-149. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Tang, Tingchi. 1988. Studies on Chinese morphology and syntax. Taipei: Student Book Co., Ltd. ---. 1992. Studies on Chinese morphology and syntax: 3. Taipei: Student Book Co., Ltd. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 1988. Pragmatic strengthening and grammaticalization. BLS. 14:406-416. ---. 1989. On the rise of epistemic meanings in English: an example of subjectificaion in semantic change. Lg. Volume 65 No.1: 31-55. Wang, Xian-yi (ed.) 1984. Hanyu changyong dongci dapei cidian [漢語常用動詞搭配辭典]. Beijing: Waiyu Jiaoxue Yu Yanjiu Chubanshe. Wun Shi Zhe Chu Ban She. 1983. Tongyuan zidian. [同源字典]. Wunshishe Chubanshe. Xia, Zhengnong (eds.) 1992. Cihai Volume I [辭海(上卷)]: 641-644. Taipei: Donghua Shuju. Ye, Ruijuan. 2000. Taiwan Huayu fanyici “kai” cutan [台灣華語泛意詞「開」初探]. Proceedings of the 2000 National Conference on Linguistic, July, 2000, National Taiwan University. Yong, Shin. 1997. The grammatical functions of verb complements in Mandarin Chinese. Linguistics 35:1-24. zh_TW
