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題名 從優選理論之觀點研究國語變調、台語變調及國、台語夾碼時的變調
An Optimality Theoretic Approach to Tone Sandhi in Mandarin, in Taiwanese, and in Mandarin-Taiwanese Code-Mixing
作者 林蕙珊
Lin, Hui-Shan
貢獻者 蕭宇超
Hsiao, Yu-Chau
林蕙珊
Lin, Hui-Shan
關鍵詞 優選理論
國語三聲變調
台語變調
國、台語夾碼時的變調
制約
音韻學
Optimality Theory
Mandarin tone sandhi
Taiwanese tone sandhi
Tone sandhi in Mandarin-Taiwanese code-mixing
constraint
phonology
日期 2000
上傳時間 18-Apr-2016 16:20:55 (UTC+8)
摘要 本篇論文旨在從優選理論（Optimality Theory）之框架背景來探討國、台語夾碼（Mandarin-Taiwanese Code-Mixing）時的連讀變調現象。由於此現象之探討涉及國語及台語之變調，本篇論文亦從優選理論之觀點來探討國語三聲變調（Mandarin Tone Sandhi）以及台語的變調（Taiwanese Tone Sandhi）。
The present thesis is mainly devoted to the research issue of tone sandhi in Mandarin-Taiwanese code-mixing using an Optimality Theoretic (OT) Approach. Since the study of this code-mixed tone sandhi necessarily involves the tone sandhi rules of Mandarin and of Taiwanese, the tone sandhi phenomena in Mandarin and in Taiwanese are carefully discussed under OT as well.
參考文獻 Alderete, John. 1999. Morphologically Governed Accent in Optimality Theory. University of Massachusetts PhD Dissertation.
     Bhatt, Rakesh Mohan. 1997. “Code-switching, Constraints and Optimal Grammars.” Lingua 102: 223-251.
     Bakovic, Eric. 1996. “Foot Harmony and Quantitative Adjustments.” Ms., Rutgers University. [ROA-168-1296]
     Chen, M. 1987. “The Syntax of Xiamen Tone Sandhi.” Phonology Yearbook 4: 109-115.
     Cheng, C. C. 1968. “English Stresses and Chinese Tone in Chinese Sentences.” Phonetica 18:77-88.
     ---. 1973. A Synchronic Phonology of Mandarin Chinese. Paris: Mouton & Co.
     Cheng, R. L. 1987. Analysis and Study of Taiwanese Readings for Mandarin Speakers. Taipei: Student Book Co.
     Chomsky, Noam. 1994. “Bare Phrase Structure.” MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics 5.
     Chung, R. 1989. Aspects of Kejia Phonology. University of Illinois PhD Dissertation.
     Cinque, Guglielmo. 1993. “A Null Theory of Phrase and Compound Stress.” Linguistic Inquiry 24: 239-298.
     Clements, G. N. 1978. “Tone and Syntax in Ewe.” Elements of Tone, Stress, and Intonation. Ed. D. J. Napol, p. 21-99. Washington, D. C.: Georgetown University Press.
     Cohn, Aigail. 1989. “Stress in Indonesian and Bracketing Paradoxes.” Natrual Language and Linguistic Theory 7: 167-216.
     Duanmu, San. 1997. “Recursive Constraint Evaluation in Optimality Theory: Evidence From Cyclic Compounds in Shanghai.” Natural Language and Linguistics Theory 15: 465-507.
     Goldsmith, John A. 1976. Autosegmental Phonology. MIT PhD. Dissertation. Distributed by the Indiana University Linguistics Club.
     Hooper, J. B. 1976. An Introduction to Natural Generative Phonology. Academic Press, New York.
     Hsiao, Y. 1991. Syntax, Rhythm and Tone: A Triangular Relationship. Taipei: Crane Publishing Co.
     ---. 1995. Southern Min Tone Sandhi and Theories of Prosodic Phonology. Taipei: Student Book Co., Ltd.
     ---. 2000. “Focus Alignment in Taiwan Southern Min”. Paper for the International Symposium on Topic and Focus in Chinese. Hong Kong Polytech University.
     Hung, T. 1987. Syntactic and Semantic Aspects of Chinese Tone Sandhi. University of California, San Diego PhD. Dissertation.
     Inkelas, Sharon. 1989. Prosodic Constituency in the Lexicon. Stanford University PhD. Dissertation.
     Ito, Junko and Armin Mester. 1998. “Markedness and Word Structure: OCP Effects in Japanese.”
     Ito, Junko, Yoshihisa Kitagawa, and Armin Mester. 1996. “Prosodic Faithfulness and Correspondence: Evidence from a Japanese Argot.” Journal of East Asian Linguistics 5. 217-294.
     Katamba, Francis. 1989. An Introduction to Phonology. Longman, New York.
     Kenstowicz, M. 1994. “Sonority-Driven Stress.” The RuCCS Technical Research Paper. MIT. 1-29.
     Kenstowicz, Michael. 1996. “Base-identity and uniform exponence: Alternatives to Cyclicity.” In Current Trends in Phonology, edited by J. Durand and B. Laks. Paris-X and Salford: University of Salford Publications.
     Koutsoudas, A., Sanders, G. and Noll, C. 1974. “On the Application of Phonological Rules.” Language 50, 1-28.
     Leben, W. 1973 Suprasegemental Phonology. MIT PhD Dissertation.
     Lin, Hui-shan and Yuchau E. Hsiao. 1999. “An Optimality-Theoretic Approach to Taiwanese Tone Sandhi.” Paper for the 32th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.
     Lin, Jo-wang. 1994. “Lexical Government and Tone Group Formation in Xiamen Chinese.” Phonology 11: 237-275.
     McCarthy, John and Alan Prince. 1993. “Generalized Alignment. Year Book of Morphology. Eds. G. Booij and J. Van Marle, p. 79-153. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
     ---. 1995. “Generalized Alignment.” Papers in Optimality Theory 79-153. University of Massachusetts Occasional Paper 18. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
     Nespor, M. and I. Vogel. 1986. Prosodic Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
     Odden, D. 1987. “Kimatuumbi Phrase Phonology.”. Phonology Yearbook 4: 13-36.
     Prince, Alan and Paul Smolensky. 1993. “Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar.” Manuscript. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J., and University of Colorando, Boulder.
     Ringen, C. O. 1972. “On Arguments for Rule Ordering.” Foudations of Language 8, 266-73.
     Selkirk, Elizabeth. 1984. “On Derived Domains in Sentence Phonology.” Phonology and Syntax: the Relation Between Sound and Structure. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
     ---. 1986. “On Derived Domains in Sentence Phonology.” Phonology Year Book 3:371-405.
     ---. 1993. “The Prosodic Structure of Function Words.” . Manuscript.
     ---. 1995. “The Prosodic Structure of Function Words.” Papers in Optimality Theory 439-469. University of Massachusetts Occasional Paper 18. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
     Shih, C. 1986. The Prosodic Domain of Tone Sandhi in Chinese. University of California, San Diego PhD Dissertation.
     Shih, Yu-hwei. 1994. The Code-mixing of Mandarin and Southern Min in Newspaper Headlines: The Interaction between Language and Social Changes. Taipei, Project No. NSC 82-0301-H*003-009.
     Truckenbrodt, Hubert. 1999. “On the Relation Between Syntactic Phrases and Phonological Phrases.” Linguistic Inquiry 30-2: 219-255.
     Yip, Moira. 1996. Feet, Tonal Reduction and Speech Rate at the Word and Phrase Level in Chinese. Paper presented at Utrecht Conference on Phrasal Phonology. [ROA-159-1196]
     Zhang Ning. 1997. "The Avoidance of the Third Tone Sandhi in Mandarin." Chinese." Journal of East Asian Linguistics 6: 293-338.
     Zhang Z. 1988. Tone and Tone Sandhi in Chinese. The Ohio State University. PhD Dissertation.
     蕭宇超。2000。<優選變調：臺灣閩南語例舉>《臺灣語言學的創造力學術研討會論文》。國家圖書館。
     董忠司編。1998。《臺灣語言音標》。台北：臺灣語文學會。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
86555006
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2002001634
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蕭宇超zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Hsiao, Yu-Chauen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林蕙珊zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Hui-Shanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林蕙珊zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Hui-Shanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2000en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Apr-2016 16:20:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Apr-2016 16:20:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Apr-2016 16:20:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) A2002001634en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/85209-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 86555006zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本篇論文旨在從優選理論（Optimality Theory）之框架背景來探討國、台語夾碼（Mandarin-Taiwanese Code-Mixing）時的連讀變調現象。由於此現象之探討涉及國語及台語之變調，本篇論文亦從優選理論之觀點來探討國語三聲變調（Mandarin Tone Sandhi）以及台語的變調（Taiwanese Tone Sandhi）。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The present thesis is mainly devoted to the research issue of tone sandhi in Mandarin-Taiwanese code-mixing using an Optimality Theoretic (OT) Approach. Since the study of this code-mixed tone sandhi necessarily involves the tone sandhi rules of Mandarin and of Taiwanese, the tone sandhi phenomena in Mandarin and in Taiwanese are carefully discussed under OT as well.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 封面頁
     證明書
     致謝詞
     論文摘要
     目錄
     VITA
     Chapter 1 Introduction
     1.1 Tonotactics of Mandarin and Taiwanese
     1.1.1 Tonotactics of Mandarin
     1.1.2 Tonotactics of Taiwanes
     Chapter 2 Literature Review and Derivational Analysis
     2.1 Introduction
     2.2 Theoretical Background
     2.2.1 Syntax Phonology Mapping
     2.2.2 End Based Theory
     2.2.3 Optimality Theory
     2.2.4 Correspondence Theory
     2.2.5 Generalized Alignment Constraint
     2.2.6 Constraints on Prosodic Structure
     2.3 Previous Studies on Tone Sandhi
     2.3.1 Mandarin Tone Sandhi Domain
     2.3.1.1 Direct Mapping – Cheng’s (1972) Analysis
     2.3.1.2 Indirect Mapping – Shih’s (1986) Analysis
     2.3.2 Taiwanese Tone Sandhi Domain
     2.3.2.1 Direct Mapping – Chen’s (1987) Analysis
     2.3.2.2 Indirect Mapping – Hsiao’s (1995) Analysis
     2.4. A Possible Derivational Analysis
     2.4.1 Triggers of Tone Sandhi Rules in Code-Mixing
     2.4.2 Tone Sandhi Domain in Code-Mixing
     2.4.3 Rule Ordering in Code-Mixing
     2.4.4 Conclusion
     Chapter 3 Mandarin Tone Sandhi – An Optimality Approach
     3.1 Introduction
     3.2 Literature Review
     3.2.1 Problem Left in Shih (1986)
     3.2.2 Zhang’s (1997) Analysis
     3.3 The Prosodic Constraints
     3.4 The Tonal Constraints
     3.5 The Prosodic Constraints versus the Tonal Constraints
     3.6 Moderate Readings versus Presto Readings
     3.7 Conclusion
     Chapter 4 Taiwanese Tone Sandhi – An Optimality Theoretical Approach
     4.1 Introduction
     4.2 The Traditional derivational Approaches to the Taiwanese Tone Sandhi Domain
     4.3 The Prosodic Constraints
     4.3.1 Focus
     4.4 The Tonal Constraints
     4.5 The Prosodic Constraints versus the Tonal Constraints
     4.6 Conclusion
     Chapter 5 Tone sandhi in Code-mixing – An Optimality Approach
     5.1 Introduction
     5.2 Problems in the Derivational Approach
     5.3 Constraints for Tone Sandhi in Code-Mixing
     5.3.1 Rankings of Mandarin and Taiwanese Tonal Constraints
     5.3.2 Tone Sandhi Domain in Code-Mixing
     5.3.3 The *LL Constraint
     5.3.4 OT Approach and the Unresolved Problems in the Derivational Approach
     5.4 Conclusion
     Chapter 6 Conclusion
     References		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2002001634en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 優選理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國語三聲變調zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台語變調zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國、台語夾碼時的變調zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 制約zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 音韻學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Optimality Theoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mandarin tone sandhien_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanese tone sandhien_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tone sandhi in Mandarin-Taiwanese code-mixingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) constrainten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) phonologyen_US
dc.title (題名) 從優選理論之觀點研究國語變調、台語變調及國、台語夾碼時的變調zh_TW
dc.title (題名) An Optimality Theoretic Approach to Tone Sandhi in Mandarin, in Taiwanese, and in Mandarin-Taiwanese Code-Mixingen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alderete, John. 1999. Morphologically Governed Accent in Optimality Theory. University of Massachusetts PhD Dissertation.
     Bhatt, Rakesh Mohan. 1997. “Code-switching, Constraints and Optimal Grammars.” Lingua 102: 223-251.
     Bakovic, Eric. 1996. “Foot Harmony and Quantitative Adjustments.” Ms., Rutgers University. [ROA-168-1296]
     Chen, M. 1987. “The Syntax of Xiamen Tone Sandhi.” Phonology Yearbook 4: 109-115.
     Cheng, C. C. 1968. “English Stresses and Chinese Tone in Chinese Sentences.” Phonetica 18:77-88.
     ---. 1973. A Synchronic Phonology of Mandarin Chinese. Paris: Mouton & Co.
     Cheng, R. L. 1987. Analysis and Study of Taiwanese Readings for Mandarin Speakers. Taipei: Student Book Co.
     Chomsky, Noam. 1994. “Bare Phrase Structure.” MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics 5.
     Chung, R. 1989. Aspects of Kejia Phonology. University of Illinois PhD Dissertation.
     Cinque, Guglielmo. 1993. “A Null Theory of Phrase and Compound Stress.” Linguistic Inquiry 24: 239-298.
     Clements, G. N. 1978. “Tone and Syntax in Ewe.” Elements of Tone, Stress, and Intonation. Ed. D. J. Napol, p. 21-99. Washington, D. C.: Georgetown University Press.
     Cohn, Aigail. 1989. “Stress in Indonesian and Bracketing Paradoxes.” Natrual Language and Linguistic Theory 7: 167-216.
     Duanmu, San. 1997. “Recursive Constraint Evaluation in Optimality Theory: Evidence From Cyclic Compounds in Shanghai.” Natural Language and Linguistics Theory 15: 465-507.
     Goldsmith, John A. 1976. Autosegmental Phonology. MIT PhD. Dissertation. Distributed by the Indiana University Linguistics Club.
     Hooper, J. B. 1976. An Introduction to Natural Generative Phonology. Academic Press, New York.
     Hsiao, Y. 1991. Syntax, Rhythm and Tone: A Triangular Relationship. Taipei: Crane Publishing Co.
     ---. 1995. Southern Min Tone Sandhi and Theories of Prosodic Phonology. Taipei: Student Book Co., Ltd.
     ---. 2000. “Focus Alignment in Taiwan Southern Min”. Paper for the International Symposium on Topic and Focus in Chinese. Hong Kong Polytech University.
     Hung, T. 1987. Syntactic and Semantic Aspects of Chinese Tone Sandhi. University of California, San Diego PhD. Dissertation.
     Inkelas, Sharon. 1989. Prosodic Constituency in the Lexicon. Stanford University PhD. Dissertation.
     Ito, Junko and Armin Mester. 1998. “Markedness and Word Structure: OCP Effects in Japanese.”
     Ito, Junko, Yoshihisa Kitagawa, and Armin Mester. 1996. “Prosodic Faithfulness and Correspondence: Evidence from a Japanese Argot.” Journal of East Asian Linguistics 5. 217-294.
     Katamba, Francis. 1989. An Introduction to Phonology. Longman, New York.
     Kenstowicz, M. 1994. “Sonority-Driven Stress.” The RuCCS Technical Research Paper. MIT. 1-29.
     Kenstowicz, Michael. 1996. “Base-identity and uniform exponence: Alternatives to Cyclicity.” In Current Trends in Phonology, edited by J. Durand and B. Laks. Paris-X and Salford: University of Salford Publications.
     Koutsoudas, A., Sanders, G. and Noll, C. 1974. “On the Application of Phonological Rules.” Language 50, 1-28.
     Leben, W. 1973 Suprasegemental Phonology. MIT PhD Dissertation.
     Lin, Hui-shan and Yuchau E. Hsiao. 1999. “An Optimality-Theoretic Approach to Taiwanese Tone Sandhi.” Paper for the 32th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.
     Lin, Jo-wang. 1994. “Lexical Government and Tone Group Formation in Xiamen Chinese.” Phonology 11: 237-275.
     McCarthy, John and Alan Prince. 1993. “Generalized Alignment. Year Book of Morphology. Eds. G. Booij and J. Van Marle, p. 79-153. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
     ---. 1995. “Generalized Alignment.” Papers in Optimality Theory 79-153. University of Massachusetts Occasional Paper 18. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
     Nespor, M. and I. Vogel. 1986. Prosodic Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
     Odden, D. 1987. “Kimatuumbi Phrase Phonology.”. Phonology Yearbook 4: 13-36.
     Prince, Alan and Paul Smolensky. 1993. “Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar.” Manuscript. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J., and University of Colorando, Boulder.
     Ringen, C. O. 1972. “On Arguments for Rule Ordering.” Foudations of Language 8, 266-73.
     Selkirk, Elizabeth. 1984. “On Derived Domains in Sentence Phonology.” Phonology and Syntax: the Relation Between Sound and Structure. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
     ---. 1986. “On Derived Domains in Sentence Phonology.” Phonology Year Book 3:371-405.
     ---. 1993. “The Prosodic Structure of Function Words.” . Manuscript.
     ---. 1995. “The Prosodic Structure of Function Words.” Papers in Optimality Theory 439-469. University of Massachusetts Occasional Paper 18. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
     Shih, C. 1986. The Prosodic Domain of Tone Sandhi in Chinese. University of California, San Diego PhD Dissertation.
     Shih, Yu-hwei. 1994. The Code-mixing of Mandarin and Southern Min in Newspaper Headlines: The Interaction between Language and Social Changes. Taipei, Project No. NSC 82-0301-H*003-009.
     Truckenbrodt, Hubert. 1999. “On the Relation Between Syntactic Phrases and Phonological Phrases.” Linguistic Inquiry 30-2: 219-255.
     Yip, Moira. 1996. Feet, Tonal Reduction and Speech Rate at the Word and Phrase Level in Chinese. Paper presented at Utrecht Conference on Phrasal Phonology. [ROA-159-1196]
     Zhang Ning. 1997. "The Avoidance of the Third Tone Sandhi in Mandarin." Chinese." Journal of East Asian Linguistics 6: 293-338.
     Zhang Z. 1988. Tone and Tone Sandhi in Chinese. The Ohio State University. PhD Dissertation.
     蕭宇超。2000。<優選變調：臺灣閩南語例舉>《臺灣語言學的創造力學術研討會論文》。國家圖書館。
     董忠司編。1998。《臺灣語言音標》。台北：臺灣語文學會。		zh_TW