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題名 重見(建)隱形另類: 艾里森的 <<隱形人>> 研究
Re-vision of the Invisible Other: A Reading of Ralph Ellison`s Invisible Man作者 王淑華
Wang, Shu-hua貢獻者 劉建基
Liu, Chien-Chi
王淑華
Wang, Shu-hua關鍵詞 瑞夫.艾里森
隱形人
黑人主體
文化重建
權力
顛覆
Ellison
Invisible
Black
Reconstruction
power
subjectivity日期 1996 上傳時間 28-Apr-2016 11:14:04 (UTC+8) 摘要 由於深受雙重文化的陶養,艾里森在美國黑白文學典範所樹立的成就及地位是毋庸置疑的。儘管毀譽參半,其文學創作著實超越了種族的藩籬,潛藏深厚的意蘊。藉由《隱形人》主人翁探尋身分的書寫,艾里森不僅微觀的牽引出非裔美人的血淚傷痕史,更宏觀的突顯出人我之間謬誤的漠視及人類面對宇宙真實和虛幻的迷惘。本文藉西方二元思維排擠異己的探究,揭櫫西方論述及權力共謀運作如何使黑人主體性、文化、及文學傳統遭受肢解及消音,並期以重新省視及建構宿遭扭曲和存而不論的黑人主體性及傳統。本論文概分五章。首章梗概艾里森之生平、理念及創作技巧,並略述各章脈絡。次章探討西方歧視性論述及霸權交相運作如何箝制剝奪黑人的主體性。第三章描述黑人尷尬的雙重身分和闕離中心的主體,並探究恢復黑人主體的可能性。第四章提出重建黑人文化、文學傳統和反制的策略試圖鬆動主流文化。末章則檢視美國黑白種族相生相剋的關係,並嚐試以艾里森提倡的多元並置無限生機的理念去摸索出美國黑白種族之間生息與共的出路。
Deeply inculcated by double cultural heritages, Ellison`s參考文獻 Works Cited Adorno, Theodor W. Negative Dialectics. Trans. E. B. Ashton. London: Routledge, 1973. Althusser, Louis. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. Trans. Ben Brewster. New York: Monthly Review P, 1971. Aristotle. The Basic Works of Aristotle. Ed. Trans. Richard Mckeon. Chicago: Chicago P, 1941. ??,Introduction to Aristotle. Ed. Richard Mckeon. New York: Random House, 1947. Baker, Houston A. Blues. Ideology. and Afro-American Literature. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1984. ??,The Journey Back. Chicago: U of chicago P, 1980. Bakhtin, M. M. Art and Answerability. Eds. Michael Holquist and Vadim Liapunov. Trans. Vadim Liapunov. Austin: U of Texas P, 1990. ??,The Dialogic Imagination. Ed. Michael Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1981. Barksdale,Richard K. Praisesong of Survival: Lectures and Essays, 1957-89. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1992. Bartky, Sandra Lee. Femininity and Domination. New York: Routledge, 1990. Benston, Kimberly W. "I Yarn What I Am: The Topos of Un(naming) in Afro-American Literature." Gates, Black 151-72. Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London:Routledge, 1994. Bhavnani, Kum-kum, and Donna Haraway. "Shifting the Subject." Shifting Identities Shifting Racisms: A Feminism & Psychology Reader. Eds. Kum-kum Bhavnani and Ann Phoenix. London: Sage P, 1994. 19-39. Bordo, Susan, and Mario Moussa. "Rehabilitating the `I`." Questioning Foundations: Truth/Subjectivity/Culture. Ed. Hugh J. Silverman. London: Routledge, 1993. 110-33. Brown, Dennis. The Modernist Self in Twentieth-Century English Literature. London: Macmillan P, 1989. Brown, Ina Corinne. Understanding Race Relations. Englewood: prentice-Hall, 1973. Butler, Thorpe. "What Is To Be Done?--Illusion, Identity, and Action in Ralph Ellison`s Invisible Man." CLA 27 (1984): 315-31. Cameron, Deborah. "What is the Nature of Women`s oppression in Language?" Oxford Literary Review 8 (1986): 1+. Carmichael, stokely, and Charles Hamilton. Black Power: The Politics of Literation in America. London: Cape, 1968. Cesaire, Aime. "Discourse on Colonialism." Williams and Chrisman 172-80. Clark, Kenneth B. "Black and White: The Ghetto Inside." Being Black: Psychological-Sociological Dilemmas. Ed. Robert V. Guthrie. San Francisco: Canfield P, 1970. 66-72. Davis, Charles T. Black Is the Color of the Cosmos: Essays on Afro-American Literature and Culture, 1942-1981. Ed. Henry Louis Gates Jr. New York: Garland P, 1982. Deleuze, Gilles, and Felix Guattari. "What is Minor Literature?" Ferguson 59-69. Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. Trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1974. ??,positions. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: U of chicago P, 1972. ??,"Structure, sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences." contemporary Literary criticism. Ed. Robert Con Davis. New York: Longman, 1986. 480-98. Dixon, Melvin. Ride Out the Wilderness: Geography and Identity in Afro-American Literature. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1987. Dreyfus, Hubert L.,. and Paul Rabinow. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1982. Du Bois, w. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk. New York: Signet, 1969. Ellison, Ralph. Going to the Territory. New York: Random House, 1986. ??,Invisible Man. New York: vintage, 1990. ??,Shadow and Act. New York: Vintage, 1972. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin White Masks. Trans. Charles Lam Markmann. New York: Grove, 1967. Ferguson, Russel, et al., eds. Out There: Marginalization and contemporary cultures. New York: MIT P, 1990. Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage, 1990. ??,The Order of Things. Ed. R. D. Laing. London: Tavistock P, 1970. Gates, Henry Louis Jr, ed. Black Literature and Literary Theory. New York: Methuen, 1984. ??,"criticism in the Jungle." Gates, Black 1-24. ??,"Introduction: writing `Race` and the Difference It Makes." Gates, "Race," 1-20. ??,Loose Canon. New York: Oxford UP, 1992. ??,ed. "Race," writing, and Difference. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1986. ??,"Talkin` That Talk." Gates, "Race," 402-29. Gayle, Addison Jr. "Cultural strangulation: Black Literature and the White Aesthetic." The Black Aesthetic. Ed. Addison Galye, Jr. New York: Doubleday, 1971. 39-46. Goldberg, David Theo. Racist Culture. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993. Hall, stuart. "Cultural Identity and Diaspora." Williams and Chrisman 392-403. Harper, Phillip Brian. Framing the Margins: The Social Logic of Postmodern Culture. New York: Oxford UP, 1994. Hegel, G. W. F. "Phenomenology of spirit: Self Consciousness." Hegel: Selection. Ed. J. L. H. Thomas, New York: Macmillan, 1989. 168-80. ??,The Philosophy of History. Trans. J. Sibree. New York: Dover P, 1956. Henderson, Stephen E., and Mercer Cook. The Militant Black Writer in Africa and the United states. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1969. Hooks, Bell. yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics. `Boston: South End P, 1990. Hord, Fred Lee. Reconstructing Memory: Black Literary criticism. Chicago: Third World P, 1991. Hughes, Langston. The Weary Blues. New York: Knopf, 1926. Hutcheon, Linda. A Poetics of Postmodernism. New York: Routledge, 1988. Jackson, Jesse. straight from the Heart. Philadelphia: Fortress P, 1987. JanMohamed, Abdul R., and David Lloyd. "Introduction: Toward a Theory of Minority Discourse: What Is To Be Done?" The Nature and Context of Minority Discourse. Eds. JanMohamed, Abdul R., and David Lloyd. New York: Oxford UP, 1990, 1-16. Johnson, Charles. The Sorcerer`s Apprentice: Tales and Conjurations. New York: penguin, 1987. Kafka, Phillipa. The Great White Way. New York: Garland P, 1993. Kostelanetz, Richard. Politics in the African-American Novel: James Weldon Johnson. W. E. B. Du Bois. Richard Wright. and Ralph Ellison. New York: Greenwood P,1991. Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. Bristol: Tavistock, 1977. Levine, Lawrence W. The Unpredictable Past: Explorations in American Cultural History. New York: Oxford UP, 1993. Lorde, Audre. "Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference." Ferguson. 281-87. Lyne, William. "The Signifying Modernist: Ralph Ellison and the Limits of the Double Consciousness." PMLA 107 (1992): 319-30. Marshall, Brenda K. Teaching the Postmodern: Fiction and Theory. New York: Routledge, 1992. Mckerrow, Raymie E. "critical Rhetoric and the Possibility of the Subject." The critical Turn: Rhetoric and Philosophy in Postmodern Discourse. Eds. Ian Augus and Lenore Langsdorf. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois UP, 1993. 51-67. McSweeney, Kerry. Invisible Man: Race and Identity. Boston: Twayne, 1988. Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. "Introduction: Cartographies of Struggle: Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism." Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. Eds. Talpade Chandra Mohanty, Ann RUSSO, and Lourdes Torres. Bloomington: India UP, 1991. 1-47. Morson, Cary Saul, and caryl Emerson. Mikhail Bakhtin: Creation of a Prosaics. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1990. Nietzsche, Friedrich. The will to Power. Trans. Walter Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale. New York: Vintage,1968. Niranjana, Tejaswini. siting Translation. Berkeley: U of California P, 1992. Ngugi wa Thiong`o. Homecoming: Essays on African and Carribean Literature, Culture and Politics. New York: Lawrence Hill, 1972. O`Meally, Robert, ed. New Essays on Invisible Man. Cambridge: cambridge UP, 1988. Parr, Susan Resneck, and Pancho Savory, eds. Approaches to Teaching Ellison`s Invisible Man. New York: MLA, 1989. Pechey, Graham. "On the Borders of Bakhtin: Dialogisation, Decolonisation." Bakhtin and Cultural Theory. Eds. Ken Hirschkop and David Shepherd. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1989. 39-67. Phillips, Jerry. "Melville, Bloom, and the Rhetoric of Imperialist Instruction." Recasting the World: writing after Colonialism. Ed. Jonathan White. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1993. 25-44. Portelli, Alessandro. The Text and the Voice: writing, Speaking, and Democracy in American Literature. New York: Columbia UP, 1994. Radhakrishnan, R."Postcoloniality and the Boundaries of Identity." Calloo 16.4 (1993): 750-71. Ragland-Sullivan, Ellie. Jacques Lacan and the Philosophy of Psychanalysis. London: Croom Helm, 1986. Reed, Ishmael. conjure. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1972. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. The First and Second Discourses Together with the Replies to Critics and Essays on the Origin of Languages. Ed. Trans. Victor Gourevitch. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. said, Edward W. "An Ideology of Difference." Gates, "Race," 38-58. Sarup, Madan. An Introductory Guide to Post-structuralism and Postmodernism. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1989. schaub, Thomas. "Ellison`s Masks and the Novel of Reality." O`Meally 123-56. Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. The Arden shakespeare. Ed. Frank Kerrnode. London: Routledge, 1989. Simpson, J. A., and E. S. C. Weiner, eds. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1989, 20 vols. Slatoff, Walter. "Making Invisible Man Matter." Parr 31-36. Smith, curtis C. "Werner Sollors` Beyond Ethnicity and Afro-American Literature." Melus 14.2 (1992): 65-71. Snead, James A. "Repetition as a Figure of Black Culture." Ferguson 213-30. Sollors, Werner. Introduction. The Invention of Ethnicity. By Sollors. Ed. Werner Sollors. New York: Oxford UP, 1989. ix-xx. spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. "Explanation and Culture: Marginalia." Ferguson 377-93. starn, Robert. "Mikhail Bakhtin and Left Cultural Critique." Postmoernism and Its Discontents. Ed. E. Ann Kaplan. London: Verso, 1988. 116-45. Sten, Christopher. "Losing It `even as he finds it`: The Invisible Man`s Search for Identity." Parr 86-95. Stratton, Jon. Writing Cites. London: Harvester, 1990. Strout, Cushing "`An American Negro Idiom`: Invisible Man and the Politics of Culture -." Parr 82-85. Sundquist, Eric J. To Wake the Nations: Race in the Making of American Literature. Cambridge: Belknap P of Harvard, 1993. Tanner, Tony. "The Music of Invisibility." Ralph Ellison. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea, 1986. 37-50. Urgo, Joseph R. Novel Frames: Literature as Guide to Race, Sex, and History in American Culture. Jackson: U of Mississippi P, 1991. Urwin, Cathy. "Power Relations and the Emergence of Language." Changing the Subject: Psychology, Social Regulation and Subjectivity. Ed. Julian Henriques, et ale New York: Methuen, 1984. 264-322. Walcott, Derek. The Fortunate Traveller. London: Faber & Faber, 1982. Walker, Alice. The Color Purple. New York: Pocket, 1982. Possessing the Secret of Joy. London: vintage, 1992. Weber, Daniel B. "Metropolitan Freedom and Restraint in Ellison`s Invisible Man." College Literature 12.2 (1985): 163-75. West, Cornel. "The New Cultural Politics of Difference." Ferguson 19-36. Williams, Patricia, and Laura Chrisman, eds. Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory. New York: Harvester, 1993. Wright, John S. "The Conscious Hero and the Rites of Man: Ellison`s War." O`Meally 157-86. Zahar, Renate. Frantz Fanon: Colonialism and Alienation. Trans. Wildfried F. Feuser. New York: Monthly Review P, 1974. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學系
81551011資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002002714 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 劉建基 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Liu, Chien-Chi en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王淑華 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wang, Shu-hua en_US dc.creator (作者) 王淑華 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wang, Shu-hua en_US dc.date (日期) 1996 en_US dc.date.accessioned 28-Apr-2016 11:14:04 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 28-Apr-2016 11:14:04 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 28-Apr-2016 11:14:04 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002002714 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/87273 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 英國語文學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 81551011 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 由於深受雙重文化的陶養,艾里森在美國黑白文學典範所樹立的成就及地位是毋庸置疑的。儘管毀譽參半,其文學創作著實超越了種族的藩籬,潛藏深厚的意蘊。藉由《隱形人》主人翁探尋身分的書寫,艾里森不僅微觀的牽引出非裔美人的血淚傷痕史,更宏觀的突顯出人我之間謬誤的漠視及人類面對宇宙真實和虛幻的迷惘。本文藉西方二元思維排擠異己的探究,揭櫫西方論述及權力共謀運作如何使黑人主體性、文化、及文學傳統遭受肢解及消音,並期以重新省視及建構宿遭扭曲和存而不論的黑人主體性及傳統。本論文概分五章。首章梗概艾里森之生平、理念及創作技巧,並略述各章脈絡。次章探討西方歧視性論述及霸權交相運作如何箝制剝奪黑人的主體性。第三章描述黑人尷尬的雙重身分和闕離中心的主體,並探究恢復黑人主體的可能性。第四章提出重建黑人文化、文學傳統和反制的策略試圖鬆動主流文化。末章則檢視美國黑白種族相生相剋的關係,並嚐試以艾里森提倡的多元並置無限生機的理念去摸索出美國黑白種族之間生息與共的出路。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Deeply inculcated by double cultural heritages, Ellison`s en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements..........iv Chinese Abstract..........v English Abstract..........vi Chapter 1. Introduction..........1 2.The Great White Way of Othering..........17 I. The Politics of Racism..........20 II. Inferiority Complex and Submission..........32 3. A Quest for Black Identity..........47 I. What Am I?..........48 II. Fragmentary Black Subjectivity..........55 III. Rehabilitating Black Identity..........67 4. How Could ‘I’ ever Return Home?..........76 I. The Politics of Resistance..........76 II. Reconstructing Afro.American Cultural and Literary Tradition..........93 5. Conclusion: The Rainbow for American Future..........101 Works Cited..........113 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002002714 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 瑞夫.艾里森 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 隱形人 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 黑人主體 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文化重建 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 權力 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 顛覆 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ellison en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Invisible en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Black en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Reconstruction en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) power en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) subjectivity en_US dc.title (題名) 重見(建)隱形另類: 艾里森的 <<隱形人>> 研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Re-vision of the Invisible Other: A Reading of Ralph Ellison`s Invisible Man en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Works Cited Adorno, Theodor W. Negative Dialectics. Trans. E. B. Ashton. London: Routledge, 1973. Althusser, Louis. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. Trans. Ben Brewster. New York: Monthly Review P, 1971. Aristotle. The Basic Works of Aristotle. Ed. Trans. Richard Mckeon. Chicago: Chicago P, 1941. ??,Introduction to Aristotle. Ed. Richard Mckeon. New York: Random House, 1947. Baker, Houston A. Blues. Ideology. and Afro-American Literature. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1984. ??,The Journey Back. Chicago: U of chicago P, 1980. Bakhtin, M. M. Art and Answerability. Eds. Michael Holquist and Vadim Liapunov. Trans. Vadim Liapunov. Austin: U of Texas P, 1990. ??,The Dialogic Imagination. Ed. Michael Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1981. Barksdale,Richard K. Praisesong of Survival: Lectures and Essays, 1957-89. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1992. Bartky, Sandra Lee. Femininity and Domination. New York: Routledge, 1990. Benston, Kimberly W. "I Yarn What I Am: The Topos of Un(naming) in Afro-American Literature." Gates, Black 151-72. Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London:Routledge, 1994. Bhavnani, Kum-kum, and Donna Haraway. "Shifting the Subject." Shifting Identities Shifting Racisms: A Feminism & Psychology Reader. Eds. Kum-kum Bhavnani and Ann Phoenix. London: Sage P, 1994. 19-39. Bordo, Susan, and Mario Moussa. "Rehabilitating the `I`." Questioning Foundations: Truth/Subjectivity/Culture. Ed. Hugh J. Silverman. London: Routledge, 1993. 110-33. Brown, Dennis. The Modernist Self in Twentieth-Century English Literature. London: Macmillan P, 1989. Brown, Ina Corinne. Understanding Race Relations. Englewood: prentice-Hall, 1973. Butler, Thorpe. "What Is To Be Done?--Illusion, Identity, and Action in Ralph Ellison`s Invisible Man." CLA 27 (1984): 315-31. Cameron, Deborah. "What is the Nature of Women`s oppression in Language?" Oxford Literary Review 8 (1986): 1+. Carmichael, stokely, and Charles Hamilton. Black Power: The Politics of Literation in America. London: Cape, 1968. Cesaire, Aime. "Discourse on Colonialism." Williams and Chrisman 172-80. Clark, Kenneth B. "Black and White: The Ghetto Inside." Being Black: Psychological-Sociological Dilemmas. Ed. Robert V. Guthrie. San Francisco: Canfield P, 1970. 66-72. Davis, Charles T. Black Is the Color of the Cosmos: Essays on Afro-American Literature and Culture, 1942-1981. Ed. Henry Louis Gates Jr. New York: Garland P, 1982. Deleuze, Gilles, and Felix Guattari. "What is Minor Literature?" Ferguson 59-69. Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. Trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1974. ??,positions. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: U of chicago P, 1972. ??,"Structure, sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences." contemporary Literary criticism. Ed. Robert Con Davis. New York: Longman, 1986. 480-98. Dixon, Melvin. Ride Out the Wilderness: Geography and Identity in Afro-American Literature. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1987. Dreyfus, Hubert L.,. and Paul Rabinow. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1982. Du Bois, w. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk. New York: Signet, 1969. Ellison, Ralph. Going to the Territory. New York: Random House, 1986. ??,Invisible Man. New York: vintage, 1990. ??,Shadow and Act. New York: Vintage, 1972. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin White Masks. Trans. Charles Lam Markmann. New York: Grove, 1967. Ferguson, Russel, et al., eds. Out There: Marginalization and contemporary cultures. New York: MIT P, 1990. Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage, 1990. ??,The Order of Things. Ed. R. D. Laing. London: Tavistock P, 1970. Gates, Henry Louis Jr, ed. Black Literature and Literary Theory. New York: Methuen, 1984. ??,"criticism in the Jungle." Gates, Black 1-24. ??,"Introduction: writing `Race` and the Difference It Makes." Gates, "Race," 1-20. ??,Loose Canon. New York: Oxford UP, 1992. ??,ed. "Race," writing, and Difference. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1986. ??,"Talkin` That Talk." Gates, "Race," 402-29. Gayle, Addison Jr. "Cultural strangulation: Black Literature and the White Aesthetic." The Black Aesthetic. Ed. Addison Galye, Jr. New York: Doubleday, 1971. 39-46. Goldberg, David Theo. Racist Culture. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993. Hall, stuart. "Cultural Identity and Diaspora." Williams and Chrisman 392-403. Harper, Phillip Brian. Framing the Margins: The Social Logic of Postmodern Culture. New York: Oxford UP, 1994. Hegel, G. W. F. "Phenomenology of spirit: Self Consciousness." Hegel: Selection. Ed. J. L. H. Thomas, New York: Macmillan, 1989. 168-80. ??,The Philosophy of History. Trans. J. Sibree. New York: Dover P, 1956. Henderson, Stephen E., and Mercer Cook. The Militant Black Writer in Africa and the United states. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1969. Hooks, Bell. yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics. `Boston: South End P, 1990. Hord, Fred Lee. Reconstructing Memory: Black Literary criticism. Chicago: Third World P, 1991. Hughes, Langston. The Weary Blues. New York: Knopf, 1926. Hutcheon, Linda. A Poetics of Postmodernism. New York: Routledge, 1988. Jackson, Jesse. straight from the Heart. Philadelphia: Fortress P, 1987. JanMohamed, Abdul R., and David Lloyd. "Introduction: Toward a Theory of Minority Discourse: What Is To Be Done?" The Nature and Context of Minority Discourse. Eds. JanMohamed, Abdul R., and David Lloyd. New York: Oxford UP, 1990, 1-16. Johnson, Charles. The Sorcerer`s Apprentice: Tales and Conjurations. New York: penguin, 1987. Kafka, Phillipa. The Great White Way. New York: Garland P, 1993. Kostelanetz, Richard. Politics in the African-American Novel: James Weldon Johnson. W. E. B. Du Bois. Richard Wright. and Ralph Ellison. New York: Greenwood P,1991. Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. Bristol: Tavistock, 1977. Levine, Lawrence W. The Unpredictable Past: Explorations in American Cultural History. New York: Oxford UP, 1993. Lorde, Audre. "Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference." Ferguson. 281-87. Lyne, William. 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