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題名 瑪麗·吳爾史東克拉芙特(Mary Wollstonecraft,1759-1797)的兩性思想
Mary Wollstonecraft`s Mind of Both Genders - Masculine and Feminine
作者 許慧琦
Hsu, Hui-Chi
貢獻者 江金太
Ching, Chin-Tai
許慧琦
Hsu, Hui-Chi
關鍵詞 瑪麗·吳爾史東克拉芙特
兩性思想
女權
女性主義
Mary Wollstonecraft
Male and female
Women`s right
Feminism
日期 1995
上傳時間 28-Apr-2016 15:18:02 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文旨在探討一位十八世紀中後期的英國女作家瑪麗?吳爾史東克拉芙特(Mary Wollstonecraft, 1759-1797，以下簡稱為瑪麗)，她對當時英國社會各種有關兩性不平等的互動關係反應在政治、社會、教育、哲學各方面的所見所思，其系統性的論述，其與同時期女性思潮的交流互動，以及其兩性思想對當代人們的啟發性影響。
     十八世紀的英國社會塑造出的女性行為標準，簡而言之，即為「端莊淑女」(the proper lady)，及由此一標準延伸出的各種行為規範，例如謙虛、忠貞、柔弱、順從、依賴。以往人們多從男性利益的角度來詮釋這些女性特質，而將之視為女性(應實踐)的美德；瑪麗卻從兩性平等對待、與人權的觀點切入，論證說明這些看似美好、實則帶有箝制性且不利於兩性的女性特質，正是阻礙女性開發理性、獲取知識、實踐美德的主因。而將這些人為的、不自然的女性特質加諸女性身上的父權體制與男性觀點，則是瑪麗所要質疑並挑戰的主要目標。
     瑪麗借重男性思想家揭櫫的理性思想，重新詮釋「人權」理念，使理性的主體包含兩性，使行使權利的對象擴及為兩性。她從家庭中父權至上的權力運作，論述到政治社會中男性獨佔公民權利與權力的不平等機制，並進一步提出具體而建設性的實踐改革之道。她主張由教育著手，根本改變人們的心態、思維、觀點、行為；此種教育制度必須由政府公家辦理，以避免以往家庭教育、私立學校與住宿學校產生的弊病。她並以身作則，力圖打破舊有的女性形象，重塑一健全而有利於兩性的女性形象。她更從功利性的角度出發，以此說服兩性為達良善社會的理想，共同努力改進。她明確指出社會欲有所改善，則女性首須獲得權利，才可能成為一個理性的人
     ，一個有能力盡義務、享權利的公民。
     瑪麗的兩性思想建立於理性調節情感、情感推動理性的思想基礎上，以女性權利為改善兩性互動、改革社會的起點，以兩性互助互利為目標，以人人實踐美德、共臻良善社會為終點。其思想雖可大致包含於自由主義的女性主義思潮內，深入分析之，則其另具有烏托邦主義、及社會主義、激進主義的成份在內，可謂與其同時代女性思潮的先鋒，有其不可輕忽的貢獻。瑪麗的兩性思想對於兩個世紀後的當代人們，實仍具有許多啟發性與進一步詮釋與探究的價值。
參考文獻 中文方面
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     米歇爾(A. Michel) ，張南星諱， 《女權主義》 (台北:遠流出版事業公司，一九八九年)
     宋美華， 《十八世紀英國文學一一諷刺詩與小說~ (台北:東大圖書有限公司，民國八十四年)
     李元貞， 《婦女開步走》 (台北;婦女新知基金會，民國七十九年，二版)
     呂秀蓮， 《新女性主義》 (台北:前衛出版社，一九九五年，四版)
     呂建忠、李興學編譯， 《近代西洋文學:新古典主義迄現代》 (臺北:書林出版有限公司，一九九0年)
     何春邈，《豪爽女人》(台北:皇冠，一九九四年〉
     克莉絲﹒維登(Chris Weedon) ，自曉紅譯， 《女性主義實踐與後結構主義理論》 (Feminist Practice & Poststructuralist 1加的;)(台北:桂冠圖書有限公司，一九九四年)
     約翰﹒格雷(John Gray) ，傅鐘、姚欣榮譯， 《 自由主義》 (Liberalism)(台北:桂冠圖書有限公司，一九九三年)
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     柯林烏(R. G. Collingwood) ，陳明福譯， 《歷史的理念》 (台北:桂冠圖書有限公司，民國七十六年，四版)
     洛克(John Locke) ，葉啟芳、擅菊農譯， 《 政府論次講》 (Second Treatise 0f Government)(台北唐山出版社，民國七十五年)
     柯崙泰(A1exandra Mikbailovna Kollontai)，《 新婦女論》 (香港:新苗出版社，一九九四年)
     盛寧， 《新歷史主義》 (台北:揚智文化事業有限公司，一九九五年)
     張小虹， 《 後現代/女人:權力、慾望與性別表演》 (台北:時報文化出版有限公司，一九九四年)
     張小虹，《性別越界:女性主義文學理論與批評》 (台北:聯合文學出版社，民國八十四年)
     張京媛主編， 《當代女性主義文學批評》 (北京:北京大學出版社，一九九二年)
     登特列夫(A. P.d`Entreves) ，李日章譯， 《 自然法:法律哲學導論》 (台北:聯經出版事業公司，民國八十一年)
     喬治﹒塞班(Geroge H. Sabine) ，李少軍、尚新建譯， 《西方政治思想史》 (台北:桂冠圖書有限公司，一九九二年)
     楊美惠， 《女性女性主義性革命》 (台北:合志文化事業股份有限公司，民國七十七年〉
     諾曼﹒漢普生(Norman Hampson) ，李豐斌譯， 《啟蒙運動》 (台北聯經出版公司，民國七十六年)
     羅伯特﹒尼斯貝(Robe口Nisbet) ，邱辛陣譯， (保守主義》 (Conservatism)(台北:桂冠圖書有限公司，一九九二年)
     英文方面
     一、Mary Wollstonecraf的著作
     Wollstonecraft, Mary, Thoughts on the Education of Daughters: : with Reflection on Female Conduct in the more Important Duties of Life(London: Joseph JOMson, 1787)
     Wollstonecraft, Mary, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, ed. by Carole H. Poston (London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1975)
     Janet Todd, Marilyn Butler eds., The Works of Mary Wollstonecraft (London: idkering &Chattle Limited, 1989), Vol. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII.
     二、前人或與Mary Wollstonecraf同時代人的著作，以及後世編輯成的文集
     Abrams M. H., ed., The Norton Anthology of English Literature CW. W. Norton & Company, Fifth Edition), Vol. I, Vol. II.
     Burke, Edmund, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime andBeautiful, ed. by James T. Boulton (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Limited, 1958)
     Burke, Edmund, Reflections on the Revolution In France, and on the Proceedings in certain societies in London relative to that Event, ed. by Conor Cruise O`brien (Harmondsworth:Penguin Books Ltd., 1969)
     Fergusoo,Moira ed.,First Feminists: British Women Writers 1578-1799 (NewYork:Indiana University Press, 1985)
     Godwin, William, Memoirs of the Author of "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" (London: Joseph Johnson, 1798)
     Locke, John, Two Treatises of Government, ed. by Peter Laslett (New York: the University of Cambridge, 1988)
     Price, Richard, Observations on the Nature of Civil Society, The Principles of Government, and the Justice and Policy of the War with America (London: T. Cadell, 1776 )
     Priestley, Joseph, A Continuation of the Letters to the Philosophers and Politicians of France, on the Subject of Relig;on, and of the Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever,` In Answer to Mr. Paine`s Age of Reason (New York: Kraus Reprint Co., 1971)
     Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Emile,` or, Education, translated by Barbara Foxley, M. A. (London: 1. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., 1911)
     Todd, Janet ed., A Wollstonecraft Anthology (UK: Polity Press, 1977)
     三、有關Mary Wollstonecraf的二手相關著作
     Abrams, M. H., A GlossOry of LiteraJY Terms (New Yark: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,Fourth Edition, 1981)
     Alexander, Meena, Women In Romanticism: Mary Wollstonecraft, Dorothy Wordsworth and Mary Shelley (London: Macmillan Education Ltd., 1989)
     Benstock, Shari ed., The Private Self Theory and Practices of Women`s Autobiographical Writings (London: Routledge, Chapman & Hall, 1988)
     Bloom, Harold ed., John Milton`s Paradise Lost (New York: Chelseu House Publishers,1986)
     Bloom, Harold ed., Romanticism and Consciousness (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1970)
     Bottomore, Tom ed., A Dictionary of Marxist T710ught (Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1983)
     Bouchier, David, The Feminist Challenge: The Movement for Women`s Liberation in Britain and the USA (London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1983)
     Bouten, Jacob, Mmy Wollstonecraft and the Beginnings of Female Emancipation in France and England (Pennsylvania: Porcupine Press, Inc., 1975)
     Bridenthal, Renate & Koonz, Claudia & Stuard, Susan eds., Becoming Visible: Women in European History (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, Second Edition, 1987)
     Browne, Alice, The Eighteenth Century Feminist Mind (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1987)
     Clair, William St., The Godwins and the Shelleys: The biography of a family (New York:W. W. Norton & Company, 1989)
     Conger, Syndy McMillen eds., Sensibility in Transformation: Creative Resistance to Sentiment from the Augustans to the Romantics (London: Associated University Press,Inc., 1990)
     Coole, Diana, Women In Political TheOry: From Ancient Misogyny to Contemporary Feminism (London: Harvester Wollstonecraf, 1993)
     Day, Martin S., History of English Literature 1660-1837 (New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1963)
     Deane, Phyllis, The First Industrial Revolution (New York: Cambridge University Press,1965)
     Dickinson, H. T., Liberty and Property: Political Ideology in f,ighteenth-Centwy Britain( New York: Holmes and Publishers, Inc., 1977)
     Eisenstein, Zillah R., The Radical Future of Liberal Feminism (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1993)
     Elton, Geoffrey, The English (Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1992)
     Evans, Judith & Hills, Jill & Hunt Karen, Feminism and Political Theory (California: SAGE Publications Inc., 1986)
     Everest, Kelvin ed., Revolution in Writing: British literalY responses to the French Revolution (Philadelphia: Open University Press, 1991)
     Ezell, Margaret 1. M., Writing Women`s Litermy History (London: The Johns Hopkins University Press Ltd., 1993)
     Ferguson, Moira, Colonialism and Gerder Relations from Mary Wollston e craft to Jamaica Kincaid (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993)
     Ferguson, Moira & Todd, Janet, Mmy Wollstonecraft (Boston G. K.,Hall & Company, 1984)
     Figes, Eva, Sex and Subterfuge (London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1982)
     Foucault, Michel, 771e History of Sexuality,` Volume 1: An Introduction, translated from French by Robert Hurley (New York: Random House, Inc., Vintage Books Edition,1990)
     Fowler, Roger ed., A Dictionwy of Modern Critical Terms (New York: Rouledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., Revised Edition, 1987)
     Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth, Feminism Without Illusions: A Critique of Individualism (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1991)
     Franzer, Elizabeth & Hornsby, Jennifer & Lovibond, Sabina eds., Ethics: Feminist Reader (Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1992)
     Friedan, Betty, Feminine Mystique (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1983)
     Gatens, Moira, ("T71e Oppressed State of My Sex": Mwy Wollstonecraft on Reason, Feeling, and Equality) , in Shanley, Mary Lyndon & Pateman, Carole eds., Feminist Interpretations and Political TheOry (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Ltd., 1991), pp. 112-129.
     Gatens, Moira, Feminism and Philosophy: Perspectives on Difference and Equality (Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd., 1991)
     Green, Katherine Sobba, T71e Courtship Novel 1740-1820: A Feminized Genre (The University Press of Kentucky, 1991)
     Griffiths, Morwenna & Shitford Margaret eds., Feminist Perspectives in Philosophy (London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1988)
     Grimshaw, Jean, Feminist Philosophers: Women`s Perspectives on Philosophical Traditions (Sussex: Wheatsheaf Books, 1986)
     Gunew, Senja ed., Feminism Knowledge: Critique and Constntct (London: Rouledge, 1990)
     Hanley, Keith & Selden, Raman eds., Revolution and English Romanticism: Politics andRhetoric( New York: St. Martin`s Press, Inc., 1990)
     Hudson, Nicholas, Samuel Johnson and Eighteenth-century 1710Ught (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988)
     Hudson, Pat, The Industrial Revolution (New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc.,1992)
     Johnson, Claudia L., Equivocal Beings: Politics, Gender, and Sentimentality in the 17905 Wollstonecraft, Radcliffe, Burney, Austen (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995)
     Jones, Chris, Radical Sensibility: Literature and Ideas In the 17905 (New York: Routledge Inc., 1993)
     Jump, Harriet Devine, Mwy Wollstonecraft: ]iVrite,. (New York:Harvester Wheatsheaf,1994)
     Kauffman, Linda ed., Gender and Theory." Dialogues on Feminist Criticism (Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd., 1989)
     Kelly, Gary, Women, Writing, and Revolution 1790-1827 (New York: Oxford Press Inc.,1993)
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     Landes,Joan B., Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution (London: Cornell University Press, 1988)
     Laqueur, Thomas, Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud (Cambridge:Harvard University Press, 1990)
     Lewis, Janes, Women in England 1870-1950: Sex Divisions and Social Change (Sussex:Wheatsheaf Books Ltd, 1984)
     Lorch, Jennifer, Mary Wollstonecraft: flle Making of a Radical Feminist (New York: Berg Publishers Limited, 1990)
     Lovell, Terry ed., British Feminist Thought: A Reader (Massachusetts:Basil Blackwell,Inc., 1990)
     Lundberg, Ferdinand & Farnham, Marynia F., Modern Woman: The Lost Sex (London:Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., 1947)
     Lynne, Agress, The Feminine Irony: Women on Women in Early Nineteenth-Century English Literature (New Jersey: Associated University Presses, Inc., 1978)
     McKeon, Michael, The Origins of the English Novel 1600-1740 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press Ltd., 1987)
     Mellor, Anne K. ed., Romanticism and Feminism (Bloomington: Indiana University Press,1988)
     Mishra, Vijay, The Gothic Sublime (New York: State University of New York Press, 1994) Mitchell, Juliet, Women: the Longest Revolution: Essays on Feminism, Literature and Psychoanalysis( London: Virago Press Limited, 1984)
     Mitchell, Juliet & Oakley, Ann eds., What is feminism ? (Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd.,1986)
     Murphy, Francis & Parker, Hershel eds., fl1e Norton Anthology of American Literature (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., Second Edition, 1985)
     Myers, Sylvia Harcstark, The Bluestocking Circle: Women, Friendship, and the Life of the Mind in Eighteenth-Centwy England (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990)
     Nye, Andrea, Femnisit Theory and the Philosophies of Man (New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall Inc., 1988)
     Poovey, Mary, flle Proper Lady and the Woman Writer, Ideology as Style in the Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley, and Jane Austen (London: The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., 1984)
     Prickett, Stephen, England and the French Revolution (London: Macmillan Education Ltd., 1989)
     Rendall, Jane, The Origins of Modern Feminism: Women in Britain, France and the United States: 1780-1860 (London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1985)
     Rich, Adrienne, Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution (New York:W. W. Norton & Company, Tenth Anniversary Edition, 1986)
     Rogers, Katharine M., Feminism in Eighteellth-CentUly England (Sussex:The Harvester Press Limited, 1982)
     Rossi, Alice S. ed., The Feminist Papers: From Adams to de Beauvoir (Boston: Northeastern Univesity Press, 1988)
     Sapiro, Virginia, A Vindication of Political Virtue: The Political Theory of MaJY Wollstonecrajt (London: The University Of Chicago Press Ltd., 1992)
     Sayers, Sean & Osborne, Peter eds., Socialism, Feminism and Philosophy (New York: Routledge, 1990)
     Shari, Benstock ed., The Private Self: TheOry and Practice of Women`s Autobiographical Writings (London: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, 1988)
     Spacks, Patricia Meyer, Desire and Truth: Functions of Plot in Eighteenth-Century English Novels (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991)
     Straub, Kristina, Divided Fictions: Fanny Burney and Feminist Strategy (Kentucky: The University of Kentucky, 1987)
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
歷史學系
82153003
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002002885
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 江金太zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Ching, Chin-Taien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 許慧琦zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsu, Hui-Chien_US
dc.creator (作者) 許慧琦zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsu, Hui-Chien_US
dc.date (日期) 1995en_US
dc.date.accessioned 28-Apr-2016 15:18:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 28-Apr-2016 15:18:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 28-Apr-2016 15:18:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002002885en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/87586-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 歷史學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 82153003zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文旨在探討一位十八世紀中後期的英國女作家瑪麗?吳爾史東克拉芙特(Mary Wollstonecraft, 1759-1797，以下簡稱為瑪麗)，她對當時英國社會各種有關兩性不平等的互動關係反應在政治、社會、教育、哲學各方面的所見所思，其系統性的論述，其與同時期女性思潮的交流互動，以及其兩性思想對當代人們的啟發性影響。
     十八世紀的英國社會塑造出的女性行為標準，簡而言之，即為「端莊淑女」(the proper lady)，及由此一標準延伸出的各種行為規範，例如謙虛、忠貞、柔弱、順從、依賴。以往人們多從男性利益的角度來詮釋這些女性特質，而將之視為女性(應實踐)的美德；瑪麗卻從兩性平等對待、與人權的觀點切入，論證說明這些看似美好、實則帶有箝制性且不利於兩性的女性特質，正是阻礙女性開發理性、獲取知識、實踐美德的主因。而將這些人為的、不自然的女性特質加諸女性身上的父權體制與男性觀點，則是瑪麗所要質疑並挑戰的主要目標。
     瑪麗借重男性思想家揭櫫的理性思想，重新詮釋「人權」理念，使理性的主體包含兩性，使行使權利的對象擴及為兩性。她從家庭中父權至上的權力運作，論述到政治社會中男性獨佔公民權利與權力的不平等機制，並進一步提出具體而建設性的實踐改革之道。她主張由教育著手，根本改變人們的心態、思維、觀點、行為；此種教育制度必須由政府公家辦理，以避免以往家庭教育、私立學校與住宿學校產生的弊病。她並以身作則，力圖打破舊有的女性形象，重塑一健全而有利於兩性的女性形象。她更從功利性的角度出發，以此說服兩性為達良善社會的理想，共同努力改進。她明確指出社會欲有所改善，則女性首須獲得權利，才可能成為一個理性的人
     ，一個有能力盡義務、享權利的公民。
     瑪麗的兩性思想建立於理性調節情感、情感推動理性的思想基礎上，以女性權利為改善兩性互動、改革社會的起點，以兩性互助互利為目標，以人人實踐美德、共臻良善社會為終點。其思想雖可大致包含於自由主義的女性主義思潮內，深入分析之，則其另具有烏托邦主義、及社會主義、激進主義的成份在內，可謂與其同時代女性思潮的先鋒，有其不可輕忽的貢獻。瑪麗的兩性思想對於兩個世紀後的當代人們，實仍具有許多啟發性與進一步詮釋與探究的價值。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 緒論..........1
     第一章走出傳統女性形象-瑪麗的女性意識之形成與發展..........10
     第一節來自家庭的反省..........10
     第二節走入社會、嘗試創作..........18
     第三節法國大革命的衝擊與思想的深化..........27
     第四節情感生活的激盪..........32
     第二章瑪麗挑戰男性觀點的女權論述..........42
     第一節擴大理性的主體..........42
     第二節質疑傳統兩性觀..........49
     第三節家庭中的女性地位..........61
     第四節獨立平等的權利意識..........67
     第三章瑪麗的兩性思想之主張與實踐..........73
     第一節推動國民教育..........73
     第二節重塑女性形象..........81
     第三節兩性互助互利的訴求..........91
     第四章瑪麗的兩性思想與當時女性思潮的互動..........101
     第一節文學作品中的女性意識..........101
     第二節法國大革命早期的女權解放觀..........116
     第三節浪漫主義的初期發軔..........126
     結論..........137
     參考書目..........146
     附錄：瑪麗‧吳爾史東克拉芙特著作年表		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002002885en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 瑪麗·吳爾史東克拉芙特zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 兩性思想zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女權zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女性主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mary Wollstonecraften_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Male and femaleen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Women`s righten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Feminismen_US
dc.title (題名) 瑪麗·吳爾史東克拉芙特(Mary Wollstonecraft,1759-1797)的兩性思想zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Mary Wollstonecraft`s Mind of Both Genders - Masculine and Feminineen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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     英文方面
     一、Mary Wollstonecraf的著作
     Wollstonecraft, Mary, Thoughts on the Education of Daughters: : with Reflection on Female Conduct in the more Important Duties of Life(London: Joseph JOMson, 1787)
     Wollstonecraft, Mary, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, ed. by Carole H. Poston (London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1975)
     Janet Todd, Marilyn Butler eds., The Works of Mary Wollstonecraft (London: idkering &Chattle Limited, 1989), Vol. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII.
     二、前人或與Mary Wollstonecraf同時代人的著作，以及後世編輯成的文集
     Abrams M. H., ed., The Norton Anthology of English Literature CW. W. Norton & Company, Fifth Edition), Vol. I, Vol. II.
     Burke, Edmund, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime andBeautiful, ed. by James T. Boulton (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Limited, 1958)
     Burke, Edmund, Reflections on the Revolution In France, and on the Proceedings in certain societies in London relative to that Event, ed. by Conor Cruise O`brien (Harmondsworth:Penguin Books Ltd., 1969)
     Fergusoo,Moira ed.,First Feminists: British Women Writers 1578-1799 (NewYork:Indiana University Press, 1985)
     Godwin, William, Memoirs of the Author of "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" (London: Joseph Johnson, 1798)
     Locke, John, Two Treatises of Government, ed. by Peter Laslett (New York: the University of Cambridge, 1988)
     Price, Richard, Observations on the Nature of Civil Society, The Principles of Government, and the Justice and Policy of the War with America (London: T. Cadell, 1776 )
     Priestley, Joseph, A Continuation of the Letters to the Philosophers and Politicians of France, on the Subject of Relig;on, and of the Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever,` In Answer to Mr. Paine`s Age of Reason (New York: Kraus Reprint Co., 1971)
     Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Emile,` or, Education, translated by Barbara Foxley, M. A. (London: 1. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., 1911)
     Todd, Janet ed., A Wollstonecraft Anthology (UK: Polity Press, 1977)
     三、有關Mary Wollstonecraf的二手相關著作
     Abrams, M. H., A GlossOry of LiteraJY Terms (New Yark: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,Fourth Edition, 1981)
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     Bloom, Harold ed., John Milton`s Paradise Lost (New York: Chelseu House Publishers,1986)
     Bloom, Harold ed., Romanticism and Consciousness (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1970)
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     Bouchier, David, The Feminist Challenge: The Movement for Women`s Liberation in Britain and the USA (London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1983)
     Bouten, Jacob, Mmy Wollstonecraft and the Beginnings of Female Emancipation in France and England (Pennsylvania: Porcupine Press, Inc., 1975)
     Bridenthal, Renate & Koonz, Claudia & Stuard, Susan eds., Becoming Visible: Women in European History (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, Second Edition, 1987)
     Browne, Alice, The Eighteenth Century Feminist Mind (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1987)
     Clair, William St., The Godwins and the Shelleys: The biography of a family (New York:W. W. Norton & Company, 1989)
     Conger, Syndy McMillen eds., Sensibility in Transformation: Creative Resistance to Sentiment from the Augustans to the Romantics (London: Associated University Press,Inc., 1990)
     Coole, Diana, Women In Political TheOry: From Ancient Misogyny to Contemporary Feminism (London: Harvester Wollstonecraf, 1993)
     Day, Martin S., History of English Literature 1660-1837 (New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1963)
     Deane, Phyllis, The First Industrial Revolution (New York: Cambridge University Press,1965)
     Dickinson, H. T., Liberty and Property: Political Ideology in f,ighteenth-Centwy Britain( New York: Holmes and Publishers, Inc., 1977)
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     Elton, Geoffrey, The English (Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1992)
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