Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35696
DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.advisor吳秀光<br>孫本初zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisorWu, Samuel S. G.<br>Sun, Ben-Chuen_US
dc.contributor.author吳宗憲zh_TW
dc.contributor.authorwu,chuanghsienen_US
dc.creator吳宗憲zh_TW
dc.creatorwu,chuanghsienen_US
dc.date2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned2009-09-18T07:46:09Z-
dc.date.available2009-09-18T07:46:09Z-
dc.date.issued2009-09-18T07:46:09Z-
dc.identifierG0902565051en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35696-
dc.description博士zh_TW
dc.description國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description公共行政研究所zh_TW
dc.description90256505zh_TW
dc.description95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract兩岸關係的研究者,除了將歷史的糾結、族群的認同、經濟的利益以及不對稱力量等等的因素,作為分析兩岸關係的重要變項之外,兩岸互動當中的「代理人結構」,也是兩岸關係當中學者所重視的一個重要變項。\n「代理人結構」的產生原因,主要是由於大陸與台灣雙方政府均強調避免官方接觸,而採用透過民間單位對談互動的模式,而這種互動的模式除了以「委託」、「複委託」結構呈現出來, 兩岸文教交流事務當中我政府與非營利組織間的所有互動關係,也類似這樣的模式。而在這種政府與非政府組織間的互動結構當中,非營利組織在與政府互動時的行為態樣,相關理論歸納出幾種不同的模式,有與政府充分配合的「合作模式」、有利用政府資源遂行自己目的的「吸納模式」、有認同政府目標而分工併行的「互補模式」,也有與政府相互對抗的「衝突模式」(Najam,2000)。至於其效果,不同的理論對其效果有著不同的詮釋,例如:有研究談判的學者,認為如果非營利組織配合政府的官僚控制模式,則這種兩階段談判的結構,可以為政府爭取到談判的空間(Raiffa, 1996:15-16);而主張社群主義的學者則認為這種結構可以透過互動,使非營利組織與政府產生合作的集體意識(Haeberle, 1987:180),進而與大陸方面相抗衡;但根據公共選擇理論的經濟人假設,理性的「代理人」透過「吸納」政府資源以達成自己目標的模式,是一種必然的現象,政府同理亦可提供資源來誘導非營利組織的行為(Dunleavy, P., and B. O`Leary,1987: 114-115);當然,也有學者不斷強調非營利組織與政府之間的衝突對立關係(Kramer et al., 1993:123),而在對立狀況下,若非營利組織採取「疏離」的模式,反而可以減少彼此之間的衝突。由此可見,對於政府與非營利組織之間的互動樣態及其優劣,不同的學者有不同的看法,呈現「人言言殊、莫衷一是」的情況。\n自民國86年起,筆者任職於主管兩岸事務的行政院大陸委員會,89年亦曾在辦理兩岸文教交流活動的非營利組織工作,在工作的過程當中,發現相較於其他政策領域,兩岸文教交流互動當中的政府與非營利組織的互動關係並非只有某一種固定的行為模式,而是呈現出更多元的關係,而上述不同理論所描繪的互動模式,均能在兩岸文教交流領域過程當中獲得實證的案例來佐證,並且各種互動模式似乎是非營利組織根據時空的變化而有意做出來的選擇行為。\n正因為這些多元的選擇行為模式,筆者一直深受下面問題所困擾:「從實然面的角度來說,非營利組織與政府在互動的時候,在什麼情況下會選擇什麼模式?其原因為何?」,此一問題,便是吾人之所以欲進行本研究之初步動機。進一步來說,若能了解非營利組織如何選擇不同模式以及其原因,政府才能據此思考應該採取的因應之道,兩岸文教交流事務才有辦法順利推動。\n而為能了解兩岸文教交流當中,非營利組織與政府在互動時模式選擇的問題,必須解決兩方面的問題,首先,由於此一領域當中的行為模式相當多元,因此筆者必須建立一個能夠具有窮盡性及互斥性的分類模式才足夠「描述」現實的各種狀態。其次,每個實際政策領域中影響政府與非營利組織的變數並不盡相同,因此,本研究必須找出影響實際互動的變數以及其原因,才能夠將變數與選擇模式的行為將結合。為達前項目標,本研究將整理中外文獻以彙整出一個具有描述功能的分類模式,為達後項目標,本研究亦將以實際觀察作為方法,歸納出影響選擇行為的變項。zh_TW
dc.description.abstractDue to the fact that Chinese and Taiwanese governments both put emphasis on avoiding official contacts while entrusting private organizations with cross-strait dialogues and interactions, a so-called “proxy structure” has been established. Meanwhile, the interactions between Taiwan’s government and non-profit organizations in dealing with cross-strait cultural and educational affairs also resemble this structure. However, the results of the “proxy structure,” when interpreted based on different theories, are roughly categorized into four modes, including “cooperation,” “co-optation,” “complementarity” and “confrontation.” \nNow that there are multiple modes to choose from, I have been perplexed all along by the following question: “From a pragmatic viewpoint, when non-profit organizations interact with Taiwan’s government, which mode will be chosen under what circumstances and why?” The core concept of this research lies in this very question. To be more accurate, only when the question how non-profit organizations choose from different modes and why is answered, can Taiwan’s government think, act and react accordingly and cross-strait cultural and educational affairs be handled smoothly.\nIn order to find the answer to this question, first of all, a categorizing model with both exhaustivity and mutual exclusivity and capable of “describing” all kinds of scenarios in the real world was established. Following that, observations were conducted to pinpoint the variables that affect real-life interactions and their causes. Thirdly, information was obtained through in-depth interviews to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the above-mentioned categorizing model.\nIn-depth interviews has proven that the categorizing model established in the research has a predicting ability with a considerable degree of accuracy and can act as a reference for future researchers conducting quantitative studies.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents第一章 緒論 5\n第一節 研究動機及目的 5\n第二節 研究範圍 11\n第三節 研究程序 19\n第四節 研究方法 21\n第二章 政府與非營利組織互動模式的文獻 35\n第一節 國外相關研究 35\n第二節 國內相關研究 59\n第三節 中外文獻分析對本研究的啟示 67\n第三章 本研究分類模式的建構 69\n第一節 本研究分類模式的方法論基礎 69\n第二節 本研究分類模式的政策意涵 73\n第四章 非營利組織選擇與政府互動模式的理論 85\n第一節 理論的基礎-預期效用理論 85\n第二節 影響非營利組織選擇互動模式的因素 86\n第三節 影響非營利組織效用之因素的分析 97\n第四節 影響非營利組織主觀機率之因素的分析 102\n第五節 選擇期望效用值最高的方案做為互動模式 105\n第五章 研究架構、假設以及驗證 109\n第一節 本文之研究架構 109\n第二節 由研究架構得出的命題 111\n第六章 非營利組織選擇政府互動模式之驗證 119\n第一節 受訪之組織所處系絡及實際選擇的互動模式 119\n第二節 預測受訪組織所選擇之互動模式的準確度 137\n第七章 本研究架構中影響選擇行為之系絡因素 145\n第一節 兩岸關係定位對選擇互動模式產生的影響 145\n第二節 商業目標對選擇互動模式產生的影響 148\n第三節 兩岸政府隔離對選擇互動模式產生的影響 151\n第四節 活動勞務性質對選擇互動模式產生的影響 153\n第五節 政府管理能力對選擇互動模式產生的影響 155\n第六節 非營利組織財源對選擇互動模式產生的影響 160\n第七節 爭取經費的行政成本對選擇模式產生的影響 162\n第八節 政府財政狀況對選擇互動模式產生的影響 164\n第九節 非營利組織人力對選擇互動模式產生的影響 166\n第十節 組織人際網絡對選擇模式產生的影響 167\n第八章 非營利組織不遵守法令規範之特別情境 170\n第一節 人情考量使非營利組織不遵守法令規範 171\n第二節 經濟考量使非營利組織不遵守法令規範 177\n第三節 自由價值使非營利組織不遵守法令規範 180\n第九章 政府的因應之道 182\n第一節 適應面向上的思考 182\n第二節 結構面向上的思考 184\n第三節 對政府規劃兩岸文教交流活動的其他建議 191\n第十章 結論 195\n第一節 研究發現 195\n第二節 政策建議 197\n第三節 理論貢獻以及對未來研究的建議 198\n附件一 研 究 同 意 書 222\n附件二 國外研究政府與非營利組織互動模型之研究整理表 223\n附件三 國內研究政府與非營利組織互動模型之研究整理表 229\n附件四 辦理兩岸文教交流活動參與觀察紀錄 250\n\n表目錄\n表1-1:兩岸文教交流人數統計表 8\n表1-2:本研究訪談人員、所屬非營利組織及組織特質彙整表 29\n表2-1:服務供給中的部門互動關係的面向 39\n表2-2:政府與第三部門互動關係模式 42\n表2-3:政府與自願福利服務組織動態互動關係模式 44\n表2-4:「二元論」與「整體論」對照表 46\n表2-5:政府-非政府組織關係的類型 47\n表2-6:政府-非營利組織關係分類 52\n表2-7:NAJAM的4C‘S模式 53\n表2-8:本研究所彙整之國內外政府與非營利組織互動模式之文獻特性 67\n表3-1:DIXON& DOGAN的治理模式分類表 70\n表4-1:兩岸關係立場比較表 88\n表4-2:行政院相關單位辦理兩岸文教交流業務預算彙整表 95\n表5-1:本研究深度訪談題綱(一) 113\n表5-2:本研究深度訪談題綱(二) 116\n表6-1:非營利組織所處系絡因素列表 137\n表6-2:根據本研究中非營利組織所處系絡特質所進行之選擇模式預測列表 139\n表6-3:預測將選擇之互動模式與實際選擇互動模式對照表 141\n表6-4:預測的模型與實際選擇的模式差異列表 143\n表9-1:國內外非營利組織與政府互動模式文獻的整理 198\n\n圖目錄\n圖1-1:台灣法人分類圖 12\n資料來源:改寫自紀惠容、鄭怡世(2001:5) 12\n圖2-1:非營利組織與政府部門互動關係的混合模式 50\n圖5-1:本研究架構圖 109\n圖9-1:政府選擇互動模式之決策樹分析 183zh_TW
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dc.language.isoen_US-
dc.source.urihttp://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0902565051en_US
dc.subject兩岸zh_TW
dc.subject文教交流zh_TW
dc.subject政府zh_TW
dc.subject非營利組織zh_TW
dc.subject互動模式zh_TW
dc.subject策略選擇zh_TW
dc.subjectCross-Straiten_US
dc.subjectGovernmenten_US
dc.subjectNPOen_US
dc.subjectInteraction modelen_US
dc.subjectStrategic Choiceen_US
dc.title兩岸文教交流事務中非營利組織選擇與政府互動模式之研究zh_TW
dc.typethesisen
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item.languageiso639-1en_US-
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item.openairetypethesis-
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