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題名 論台灣華語 [gei wo]、台灣閩南語 [ka gua]、及台灣客語 [lau ngai]句式的語法化
On the Grammaticalization of Taiwan Mandarin [gei wo], Taiwan Southern Min [ka gua], and Taiwan Hakka [lau ngai] constructions
作者 曾柏溫
貢獻者 賴惠玲
曾柏溫
關鍵詞 給字句
語法化
主觀化
主觀性
祈使句
評價用法
give construction
grammaticalization
subjectivity
subjectification
imperative construction
evaluative meaning
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 11:16:30 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文採用Traugott (2010)及Hopper and Traugott (2003)的語法化觀點，探討台灣華語「給我」、台灣閩南語「共我」、及台灣客語「摎ngai」句式在動前位置的祈使用法，主要分析產生此祈使用法的背後動因與機制，包含類推(analogy)、重新分析(reanalysis)、轉喻(metonymy)、語用強化(pragmatic strengthening)、及語言接觸(language contact)等概念。本論文的另一焦點為探討台灣華語「給我」的評價用法，此為台灣華語的新興用法，尚未見於台灣閩南語及台灣客語中。本研究將提出，語法化、主觀性(subjectivity)、及主觀化(subjectification)能闡釋新興用法產生的動因與機制。
This thesis aims to investigate the preverbal [gei wo], [ka gua], and [lau ngai] construction in Taiwan Mandarin, Taiwan Southern Min, and Taiwan Hakka. The original meaning of these constructions presents beneficial meaning, but they can also frequently appear in imperative constructions. While the extant literature has discussed the pragmatic functions of the imperative meaning, why and how the imperative meaning emerges is still unexplored. Aspects of grammaticalization are adopted (cf. Traugott 2010; Hopper and Traugott 2003). To elaborate how and why the imperative meaning emerges, syntactic and semantic mechanisms and their motivations are proposed. The other issue of the thesis aims to explore the newly emergent evaluative [gei wo] construction in Taiwan Mandarin. In addition to mechanisms and motivation for its development, the notion of subjectivity and subjectification plays a crucial role to account for the motivation for the emergence of the construction in question. Overall, this thesis illuminates the notion that the emergence of special constructions can derive from their original constructions through cognitive and functional foundation.
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Anttila, Raimo. 1972. An Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistic. The Macmillan Company, New York.

Anttila, Raimo. 2003. Analogy: The warp and woof of cognition. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, eds. by Joseph, Brian D., and Richard D. Janda, 425-440. Oxley: Blackwell.

Athanasiadou, Ankeliki. 2007. On the subjectivity of intensifiers. Language Science 29.4: 554-565.
Barcelena, Antonio (ed.). 2000. Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Campbell, Lyle, and Richard Janda. 2001. Introduction: Conceptions of grammaticalization and their problems. Language Sciences 23: 93-112.

Chang, Li-hsiang. 2008. Stance uses of the Mandarin LE constructions in conversational discourse. Journal of Pragmatics 41.11: 2240-2256.

Chen, Hongyao. 2010. Function and Cognition of Modern Chinese Adverb "Ye". PhD. Dissertation. Northeast Normal
University.

Cheng, Ying and Tsao, Feng-fu. 1995. Minnanyu ka yongfa zhijian de guanxi [The relationships between the uses of ka in Southern Min]. Language Teaching and Linguistics in Taiwan, Vol. I: Southern Min, ed. by Feng-fu Tsao and Mei-hui Tsai, 23-45. Taipei: Crane.

De Smet, Hendrik. 2009. Analyzing reanalysis. Lingua 119: 1728-1755.

De Smet, Hendrik and Jean-Christophe Verstraete. 2006. Coming to terms with subjectivity. Cognitive Linguistics 17.3: 365-392.

Djamouri, Redouane and Waltraud Paul . 2009. Verb-to-preposition reanalysis in Chinese. Historical syntax and linguistic theory, eds. by Crisma, P., and Longobardi, G., 194-211. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fisher, Olga C. M. 2007. Morphosyntactic Change: Functional and Formal Perspectives (Oxford Surveys in Syntax and Morphology, 2). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fischer, Olga C. M. 2008. On analogy as the motivation for grammaticalization. Studies in Language 32.2: 336-382.

Fischer, Olga C. M. 2010. An analogical approach to grammaticalization. Grammaticalization: Current Views and Issues, eds. by K. Stathi, E. Gehweiler and E. König, 181-219. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.

Fischer, Olga C. M. 2010. An iconic, analogical approach to grammaticalization. Signergy, eds. by C.J. Conradie, R. Johl, M. Beukes, O. Fischer and C. Ljungberg, 279-298. Amsterdam [etc.]: Benjamins.

Haiman, John. (ed.) 1985. Iconicity in Syntax. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Harris, Alice and Campbell, Lyle. 1995. Historical Syntax in Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Harris, Alice. 2005.Cross-linguistic perspectives on syntactic change. The Handbook. of Historical Linguistics, eds. by Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda, 529-551. Malden: Blackwell.

Heine, Bernd, Claudi, Ilrike, and Hünnemeyer, Friederike. 1991. Grammaticalization: A Conceptual Framework. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

Heine, Bernd. 2002. On the role of context in grammaticalization. New Reflections on Grammaticalization, eds. by I. Wischer and G. Diewald, 83-102. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: J. Benjamins.

Heine, Bernd. 2003. Grammaticalization. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, eds. by Joseph, Brian D., and Richard D. Janda, 441-480. Oxley: Blackwell.

Heine, Bernd and Tania Kuteva. 2005. Language Contact and Grammatical Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Her, One-Soon. 2006. Justifying part-of-speech assignments for Mandarin gei. Lingua 116.8, 1274-1302.

Hideki, Kimura. 2005. Beijinghua geiziju kuozhanwei beidongju de yuyidongyin. [On the semantic motivation of the extension of sentences with gei into passive ones in Beijing dialect]. Hanyu Xuebao 10: 14-21.

Hock, Hans Henrich. 2003. Analogical change. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, eds. by Joseph, Brian D., and Richard D. Janda, 575-601. Oxley: Blackwell.

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Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1999. Philosophy in the Flesh: Embodied Mind and It`s Challenge to Western Thought. NY: Basic Books.

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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
98555014
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098555014
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 賴惠玲zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 曾柏溫zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 曾柏溫zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 11:16:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 11:16:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 11:16:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098555014en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54513-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98555014zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文採用Traugott (2010)及Hopper and Traugott (2003)的語法化觀點，探討台灣華語「給我」、台灣閩南語「共我」、及台灣客語「摎ngai」句式在動前位置的祈使用法，主要分析產生此祈使用法的背後動因與機制，包含類推(analogy)、重新分析(reanalysis)、轉喻(metonymy)、語用強化(pragmatic strengthening)、及語言接觸(language contact)等概念。本論文的另一焦點為探討台灣華語「給我」的評價用法，此為台灣華語的新興用法，尚未見於台灣閩南語及台灣客語中。本研究將提出，語法化、主觀性(subjectivity)、及主觀化(subjectification)能闡釋新興用法產生的動因與機制。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis aims to investigate the preverbal [gei wo], [ka gua], and [lau ngai] construction in Taiwan Mandarin, Taiwan Southern Min, and Taiwan Hakka. The original meaning of these constructions presents beneficial meaning, but they can also frequently appear in imperative constructions. While the extant literature has discussed the pragmatic functions of the imperative meaning, why and how the imperative meaning emerges is still unexplored. Aspects of grammaticalization are adopted (cf. Traugott 2010; Hopper and Traugott 2003). To elaborate how and why the imperative meaning emerges, syntactic and semantic mechanisms and their motivations are proposed. The other issue of the thesis aims to explore the newly emergent evaluative [gei wo] construction in Taiwan Mandarin. In addition to mechanisms and motivation for its development, the notion of subjectivity and subjectification plays a crucial role to account for the motivation for the emergence of the construction in question. Overall, this thesis illuminates the notion that the emergence of special constructions can derive from their original constructions through cognitive and functional foundation.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgment iv
Table of Contents v
Figures and Tables viii
Chinese Abstract x
English Abstract xi


CHAPTER
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation and Purpose 1
1.2 Organization of the Thesis 5
Ⅱ. LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 Studies on Gei in TM 8
2.1.1 Semantic Extensions of Gei 8
2.1.1.1 Newman (1996) 8
2.1.1.2 Her (2006) 9
2.1.1.3 Hu (2007) 10
2.1.1.4 Lee (2008, 2009) 11
2.1.2 [Gei Wo] in TM 14
2.1.2.1 Generative Perspective Studies 14
2.1.2.2 Semantic Extension Studies 16
2.1.2.3 Grammaticalization Studies 17
2.2 Studies on Semantic Extensions of Ka in TSM 19
2.3 Studies on Semantic Extensions of Lau in TH 20
2.4 Remarks 22
Ⅲ. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 25
3.1 Mechanisms for Syntactic Change 27
3.1.1 Reanalysis 27
3.1.2 Analogy 35
3.2 Mechanisms for Semantic Change 38
3.2.1 Metaphorization 38
3.2.2 Metonymization 39
3.3 Motivation for Language Change 43
3.3.1 Pragmatic Strengthening 43
3.3.2 Subjectivity, Subjectification, and Counter-expectation 45
3.4 Remarks 50
Ⅳ. ANALYSIS 53
4.1 The Emergence of Imperative Meaning 53
4.1.1 Mechanisms for Syntactic Change: Reanalysis and Analogy 53
4.1.2 Mechanisms for Semantic Change: Metonymy 65
4.2 The Emergence of Evaluative Meaning in TM 73
4.2.1 Mechanism for Syntactic Change: Analogy 74
4.2.2 Mechanisms for Semantic Change: Metonymy 75
4.3 Motivation for Language Change 77
4.3.1 Pragmatic Strengthening 77
4.3.2 Subjectivity, Subjectification, and Counter-expectation 88
4.4 Remarks 98
Ⅴ. CONCLUDING REMARKS 101
5.1 Summary of the Thesis 101
5.2 Implications and Future Studies 104
REFERENCES 107		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098555014en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 給字句zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語法化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 主觀化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 主觀性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 祈使句zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 評價用法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) give constructionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) grammaticalizationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) subjectivityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) subjectificationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) imperative constructionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) evaluative meaningen_US
dc.title (題名) 論台灣華語 [gei wo]、台灣閩南語 [ka gua]、及台灣客語 [lau ngai]句式的語法化zh_TW
dc.title (題名) On the Grammaticalization of Taiwan Mandarin [gei wo], Taiwan Southern Min [ka gua], and Taiwan Hakka [lau ngai] constructionsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2010. Imperatives and Commands. Oxford Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory . Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Anttila, Raimo. 1972. An Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistic. The Macmillan Company, New York.

Anttila, Raimo. 2003. Analogy: The warp and woof of cognition. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, eds. by Joseph, Brian D., and Richard D. Janda, 425-440. Oxley: Blackwell.

Athanasiadou, Ankeliki. 2007. On the subjectivity of intensifiers. Language Science 29.4: 554-565.
Barcelena, Antonio (ed.). 2000. Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Campbell, Lyle, and Richard Janda. 2001. Introduction: Conceptions of grammaticalization and their problems. Language Sciences 23: 93-112.

Chang, Li-hsiang. 2008. Stance uses of the Mandarin LE constructions in conversational discourse. Journal of Pragmatics 41.11: 2240-2256.

Chen, Hongyao. 2010. Function and Cognition of Modern Chinese Adverb "Ye". PhD. Dissertation. Northeast Normal
University.

Cheng, Ying and Tsao, Feng-fu. 1995. Minnanyu ka yongfa zhijian de guanxi [The relationships between the uses of ka in Southern Min]. Language Teaching and Linguistics in Taiwan, Vol. I: Southern Min, ed. by Feng-fu Tsao and Mei-hui Tsai, 23-45. Taipei: Crane.

De Smet, Hendrik. 2009. Analyzing reanalysis. Lingua 119: 1728-1755.

De Smet, Hendrik and Jean-Christophe Verstraete. 2006. Coming to terms with subjectivity. Cognitive Linguistics 17.3: 365-392.

Djamouri, Redouane and Waltraud Paul . 2009. Verb-to-preposition reanalysis in Chinese. Historical syntax and linguistic theory, eds. by Crisma, P., and Longobardi, G., 194-211. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fisher, Olga C. M. 2007. Morphosyntactic Change: Functional and Formal Perspectives (Oxford Surveys in Syntax and Morphology, 2). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fischer, Olga C. M. 2008. On analogy as the motivation for grammaticalization. Studies in Language 32.2: 336-382.

Fischer, Olga C. M. 2010. An analogical approach to grammaticalization. Grammaticalization: Current Views and Issues, eds. by K. Stathi, E. Gehweiler and E. König, 181-219. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.

Fischer, Olga C. M. 2010. An iconic, analogical approach to grammaticalization. Signergy, eds. by C.J. Conradie, R. Johl, M. Beukes, O. Fischer and C. Ljungberg, 279-298. Amsterdam [etc.]: Benjamins.

Haiman, John. (ed.) 1985. Iconicity in Syntax. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Harris, Alice and Campbell, Lyle. 1995. Historical Syntax in Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Harris, Alice. 2005.Cross-linguistic perspectives on syntactic change. The Handbook. of Historical Linguistics, eds. by Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda, 529-551. Malden: Blackwell.

Heine, Bernd, Claudi, Ilrike, and Hünnemeyer, Friederike. 1991. Grammaticalization: A Conceptual Framework. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

Heine, Bernd. 2002. On the role of context in grammaticalization. New Reflections on Grammaticalization, eds. by I. Wischer and G. Diewald, 83-102. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: J. Benjamins.

Heine, Bernd. 2003. Grammaticalization. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, eds. by Joseph, Brian D., and Richard D. Janda, 441-480. Oxley: Blackwell.

Heine, Bernd and Tania Kuteva. 2005. Language Contact and Grammatical Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Her, One-Soon. 2006. Justifying part-of-speech assignments for Mandarin gei. Lingua 116.8, 1274-1302.

Hideki, Kimura. 2005. Beijinghua geiziju kuozhanwei beidongju de yuyidongyin. [On the semantic motivation of the extension of sentences with gei into passive ones in Beijing dialect]. Hanyu Xuebao 10: 14-21.

Hock, Hans Henrich. 2003. Analogical change. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, eds. by Joseph, Brian D., and Richard D. Janda, 575-601. Oxley: Blackwell.

Hoefler, Stefan. and Andrew D. M. Smith 2008. Reanalysis vs Metaphor: What grammaticalisation CAN tell us about language evolution. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Evolution of Language, eds. by A. D. M. Smith and K. Smith and R. Ferrer-i-Cancho, 163-170. World Scientific.

Holyoak, Keith James. 2005. Analogy. The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning, eds. by Keith James Holyoak and Robert G. Morrison, 117-142. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Hopper, Paul J., and Elizabeth Closs Traugott. 2003. Grammaticalization (2nd edition). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hu, Huiying. 2007. An Analysis of the Modern Chinese GEI Constructions-the CG-Based Approach. MA thesis, Anhui University.

Kövecses, Zoltán and Radden, Günter. 1998. Metonymy: Developing a cognitive linguistic view. Cognitive Linguistics 9.1: 37-77.

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