柳公權書法藝術之研究

Abstract

本論文旨在探討柳公權的書藝作品及其書學之影響。中國書法幾千年來一直處於變革中，面對書法藝術上瞬息萬變的思潮，在書法史上，柳公權的書法成就對後世的影響至深且鉅。本論文分作七章：第一章<緒論>，敘述本論文的研究動機、研究範圍與方法、並論述前人之研究成果與柳書作品大略。第二章<柳公權之生平及其時代背景>，主要以歷史研究法來探究柳公權的生平概況，並從「知人論世」觀點，了解柳公權的書學背景及柳書形成之原因。 \n 第三章<柳公權書法之淵源>，柳書淵源來自五方面：一、是源於鍾繇，柳公權得其含蓄、自然；二、是源於二王，柳公權得其平和、古樸、清逸之韻；三、是初唐四家，歐陽詢、虞世南、褚遂良、陸柬之等人，柳公權得其清勁、含厚之雅；四、是源於顏真卿，柳公權得其寬博、挺拔之氣；五、是源於六朝碑版及其他，像是北碑中具雄強峭拔、斬截方正者，柳公權得其清勁、峻拔之質。柳公權遍閱其時筆法、集古意創新意，儼然形成所謂的「柳體」。第四章<柳公權之書法及其特色>，杜甫有詩云：「書貴瘦硬方通神。」，柳書瘦勁挺拔，結體法度森嚴，筆法靈活多變等為柳體之主要特色。\n\n 第五章<顏柳書法之比較>，柳公權是繼顏真卿之後，唐代最重要的書家。從張旭到顏真卿、顏真卿到柳公權，柳書的特色就是破舊立新，開拓新局面。蘇軾《題唐氏六家書後》云：「柳少師書本出於顏，而能自出新意。一字百金，非虛語也。 」顏柳使點線更富於立體感、節奏感，將唐楷書藝推向另一境界。第六章<柳公權在書法史上的評價與影響>，柳體的特點在於融匯前人特色而轉出新變，就學習書法者而言，容易得其形，而難以得其神，學書者往往只能抓住其中宮緊密、四周舒放的結體特點，並就其方硬瘦勁的筆畫特徵而加以學習；雖得其體貌表象，然對其神韻卻不易理解展現。因而柳書不易學習，自然也就容易為人所誤解批評了。第七章<結論>，綜理前面論述的研究成果剖析柳公權在書法藝術上之成就。

The present paper is for the purpose of discussing Liu Gongquan`s book skill work and the book study the influence. Chinese calligraphy for several thousand years have been in the transformation, facing calligraphy art in fast changing ideological trend, in calligraphy history, Liu Gongquan`s calligraphy achievement to later generation influence to depth and great. The present paper minute makes seven chapters: The first chapter, the narration present paper`s research motive, the range of study and the method, and elaborate of research results and the willow tree book work the predecessor greatly slightly. The second chapter < biography and time background the Liu Gongquan >, mainly by the historical methodology inquired into that Liu Gongquan`s biography survey, and from “judges people and the times” the viewpoint, understood that Liu Gongquan`s book study background and the willow tree book forms the reason. \nThe third chapter < origin of the Liu Gongquan calligraphy >, willow tree book origin from five aspects: First, is stems from the clock zhou, Liu Gongquan must it contain, the nature; Second, is stems from two kings gentle, Liu Gongquan its, plain, the fresh and elegant rhyme; Third, is at the beginning of Tang four, Ouyang Xun, Yu Shina, Zhu Suiliang, land Cambodia et al., Liu Gongquan its clear vigor, contains the thick elegance; Fourth, is stems from Yan Zhenqing broad-mindedly, Liu Gongquan its, the tall and straight gas; Fifth, is stems from Six Dynasties tablet version and other, is likely north in the tablet powerful high and precipitous, unhesitating uprightness, Liu Gongquan its clear vigor, steep nature. Liu Gongquan spreads reads meantime the writing technique, collection ancient Italy to create the fresh idea, just like forms so-called “the liu`s style”. The fourth chapter < calligraphy and characteristic the Liu Gongquan >, Du Fu has the poem cloud: “book expensive slender but vigorous Fang Tongshen.” Liu Shu the thin vigor is tall and straight, ties the body law to be stern, writing technique flexible and so on for liu`s style main characteristic. \nThe fifth chapter < comparison of the face willow tree calligraphy >, Liu Gongquan is after Yan Zhenqing, Tang Dynasty most important book. From Zhang Xu to Yan Zhenqing, Yan Zhenqing to Liu Gongquan, Liu Shu the characteristic is destroys the old and establishes the new, develops the new ball game. After Su Shi \"Topic Tang Six Letters\", cloud: “Liu Shaoshi the books stem from the face, but can from leaves the fresh idea. A character hundred gold, non-empty language.” Yan Liushi the line between two points is rich in the stereoscopic effect, the rhythm, pushes to another boundary the Tang kaishu skill. The sixth chapter < Liu Gongquan`s in calligraphy history appraisal and influence >, the liu`s style characteristic lies in the blending together predecessor characteristic to exit changes newly, speaking of the study calligraphy, is easy its shape, but its god, studies the book often only to be able with difficulty to hold the palace close, all around sends forth the knot body characteristic, and the thin vigor`s stroke characteristic performs on its Fang Ying to study; Although its appearance representation, however is not actually easy to its charm to understand the development. Therefore Liu Shu is not easy to study, also to misunderstand naturally on the easy manner criticizes. The seventh chapter < conclusion >, in front of the synthesis principle elaborates the research results analyze Liu Gongquan in the calligraphy art the achievement.